p.8
Clinical Considerations: Ulnar Nerve Injury
What are the signs and symptoms of ulnar nerve injury near the elbow?
Numbness and tingling of the medial part of the palm and the medial one and a half fingers, aching pain at the elbow, and pain in the hand.
p.8
Clinical Considerations: Ulnar Nerve Injury
What specific pain is associated with ulnar nerve injury?
Aching pain at the elbow, especially when bent.
p.2
Nerve Supply of the Anterior Forearm
What structures control the movements of pronation and supination?
The ligaments of the elbow joint, the wrist joint, and the interosseous membrane.
p.8
Clinical Considerations: Ulnar Nerve Injury
What causes numbness and tingling in ulnar nerve injury?
Nerve compression or damage at the elbow.
p.5
Nerve Supply of the Anterior Forearm
Which muscles does the Ulnar nerve supply?
Flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of flexor digitorum profundus.
p.4
Venous Supply of the Anterior Forearm
What do deep veins in the anterior forearm accompany?
They accompany and are named the same as the major arteries.
p.8
Clinical Considerations: Ulnar Nerve Injury
What functional impairments can result from ulnar nerve injury?
Impairment of ulnar deviation of the wrist and flexion of the medial two distal interphalangeal joints, leading to a weakened grip.
p.6
Cubital Tunnel and Retinaculum
What is the floor of the cubital tunnel?
Joint capsule of the elbow (beneath the nerve).
p.1
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm
Which muscle is the only one in the intermediate layer of the anterior forearm?
Flexor digitorum superficialis.
p.3
Arterial Supply of the Anterior Forearm
What are the branches of the common interosseous artery?
Anterior interosseous artery, posterior interosseous artery, and interosseous recurrent artery.
p.6
Clinical Considerations: Pronator Syndrome
What is pronator syndrome?
Median nerve compression at the elbow.
p.3
Arterial Supply of the Anterior Forearm
What anatomical feature does the radial artery cross through at the wrist?
The anatomical snuff box.
p.5
Nerve Supply of the Anterior Forearm
Where does the Ulnar nerve travel in relation to the medial epicondyle of the humerus?
Just posterior to the medial epicondyle (often referred to as the 'funny bone').
p.2
Clinical Considerations: Pronator Syndrome
What movements are associated with the radius and ulna?
Pronation and supination.
p.8
Clinical Considerations: Ulnar Nerve Injury
How can you distinguish between medial epicondyle injury and cubital tunnel syndrome?
By imaging and the type of injury; medial epicondyle injury is a direct injury, while cubital tunnel syndrome can occur from various mechanisms.
p.6
Clinical Considerations: Pronator Syndrome
How does the median nerve travel in relation to the pronator teres?
It enters the forearm between the two heads of pronator teres.
p.6
Clinical Considerations: Pronator Syndrome
What can provoke pain in pronator syndrome?
Having the patient pronate the arm against resistance.
p.6
Clinical Considerations: Pronator Syndrome
What are some potential causes of pronator syndrome?
Trauma to the pronator muscles, muscular hypertrophy, or fibrous adhesion.
p.6
Clinical Considerations: Pronator Syndrome
What are the signs/symptoms of pronator syndrome?
Pain and tenderness in the proximal aspect of the anterior forearm; decreased sensation in the medial three and a half digits in the hand.
p.5
Nerve Supply of the Anterior Forearm
How does the Median nerve enter the hand?
Through the carpal tunnel.
p.2
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm
What is the third layer of the anterior forearm composed of?
Three muscles: Flexor digitorum profundus, Flexor pollicis longus, and Pronator quadratus.
p.6
Cubital Tunnel and Retinaculum
What is the cubital tunnel?
A space that the ulnar nerve passes through from the arm to the forearm.
p.6
Cubital Tunnel and Retinaculum
What forms the roof of the cubital tunnel?
Cubital tunnel retinaculum.
p.6
Cubital Tunnel and Retinaculum
What are the lateral and medial borders of the cubital tunnel?
Lateral = olecranon process of ulna; Medial = medial epicondyle of humerus.
p.1
Osteology of the Humerus
What is the function of the trochlea on the humerus?
It articulates with the olecranon process of the ulna.
p.3
Arterial Supply of the Anterior Forearm
Where does the radial artery travel in relation to the brachioradialis muscle?
Just deep to the brachioradialis muscle.
Where does the head of the radius articulate?
With the capitulum of the humerus.
What is the interosseous border of the radius?
Medial, attachment for interosseous membrane.
What is the function of the olecranon process of the ulna?
It slides into the olecranon fossa of the humerus.
p.3
Arterial Supply of the Anterior Forearm
Where does the ulnar artery initially accompany the median nerve?
Between the heads of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle.
p.3
Arterial Supply of the Anterior Forearm
What are the three main arteries given off by the ulnar artery in the forearm?
Anterior ulnar recurrent artery, posterior ulnar recurrent artery, and common interosseous artery.
p.5
Nerve Supply of the Anterior Forearm
Where does the Median nerve travel in the forearm?
Between the heads of pronator teres.
p.5
Clinical Considerations: Pronator Syndrome
What is a common issue that can occur where the Median nerve travels?
Compression at the pronator teres.
p.5
Nerve Supply of the Anterior Forearm
What does the Median nerve supply in the anterior forearm?
Most of the anterior forearm muscles, except those supplied by the Ulnar nerve.
p.5
Nerve Supply of the Anterior Forearm
What nerve branch does the Median nerve give off?
Anterior interosseous nerve.
p.7
Clinical Considerations: Ulnar Nerve Injury
What causes medial epicondylitis?
Repetitive use of forearm flexors that attach at the medial epicondyle.
p.7
Clinical Considerations: Ulnar Nerve Injury
What activities can lead to cubital tunnel injury?
Constant leaning on a hard surface with bent elbows.
p.7
Clinical Considerations: Ulnar Nerve Injury
What is another name for medial epicondylitis?
Golfer’s elbow or Baseball elbow.
p.7
Clinical Considerations: Ulnar Nerve Injury
Where is the ulnar nerve most susceptible to trauma?
Posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus.
p.7
Clinical Considerations: Ulnar Nerve Injury
What can cause an ulnar nerve injury related to the medial epicondyle?
Hitting the medial part of the elbow on a hard surface, bruising or fracturing the medial epicondyle.
p.7
Clinical Considerations: Ulnar Nerve Injury
What conditions can cause inflammation or damage in the cubital tunnel?
Injury to the medial epicondyle or olecranon process, arthritis, fractures, or dislocations of the elbow.
p.7
Clinical Considerations: Ulnar Nerve Injury
What are common signs and symptoms of medial epicondylitis?
Pain and inflammation at the medial epicondyle of the elbow, and pain that can radiate down the medial forearm to the wrist and little finger due to ulnar nerve irritation.
p.7
Clinical Considerations: Ulnar Nerve Injury
What is cubital tunnel syndrome?
A condition caused by compression of the ulnar nerve in the cubital tunnel.
