Substances that do not dissociate into ions in solution, such as sugar and ethanol, and do not conduct electricity.
Svante Arrhenius, a Swedish chemist, proposed the theory in the late 19th century.
NaCl completely dissociates into Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions.
The process by which an electrolyte separates into ions when dissolved in a solvent, typically water.
Water molecules surround the solute particles, and the polar nature of water helps to pull apart the ions, resulting in free-moving ions in the solution.
Substances that partially dissociate into ions, such as acetic acid and NH₄OH.
The theory explains that conductivity is based on the presence of free ions in the solution.
Substances that dissociate into ions in solution and conduct electricity due to the movement of these ions.
Acetic acid partially dissociates into CH₃COO⁻ and H⁺ ions.
Substances that completely dissociate into ions, such as NaCl and KBr.
Acids are substances that produce H⁺ ions, while bases produce OH⁻ ions in solution.
It laid the groundwork for modern physical chemistry and enhanced the understanding of ionic compounds and their behavior in solutions.
