p.5
General Patterns for References
How does antibiotic resistance affect food sources?
It impacts livestock and crops that rely on antibiotics.
p.3
Citing Non-Retrievable Sources
How should you cite a source with no authors?
Use the title of the article or news media instead of the author’s name, putting newspaper and magazine titles in quotation marks and italicizing titles of news media.
p.5
General Patterns for References
What is a major consequence of antibiotics damaging both helpful and harmful bacteria?
It allows antibiotic-resistant bacteria to thrive due to lack of competition.
How should three or more authors be cited in-text?
Mention the surname of the first author followed by 'et al.' each time.
p.9
Citation Formats for Different Authors
What is the format for citing books with multiple editions?
Include the edition number in parentheses after the title, using 'ed.' for edition.
p.16
Citing Non-Retrievable Sources
What type of source is a personal letter considered in citation?
A non-retrievable item, not listed on the References page.
p.9
Citation Formats for Different Authors
What is the correct way to cite a book with an editor?
Use the editor's name followed by '(Ed.)' for one editor or '(Eds.)' for multiple editors.
p.4
Citing Non-Retrievable Sources
What is the guideline for citing non-retrievable sources?
No entry is needed on the References page.
p.16
Citing Non-Retrievable Sources
What must be done when using information generated by Artificial Intelligence?
It must be cited, even though it is considered non-retrievable.
p.15
Citing Electronic Sources
What was the content of Hadfield, C.'s post on May 11, 2020?
An image with the caption 'The flowers are not amused'.
p.6
Reference Page Formatting
What should you do if there is no author for a source?
Start with the title followed by the date of publication.
p.6
Reference Page Formatting
How should titles and subtitles be capitalized in the References section?
Capitalize only the first word and proper nouns for everything but periodicals; capitalize all words except connecting words of fewer than five letters for periodicals.
p.5
General Patterns for References
What does the WHO state about the spread of antibiotic resistance?
It threatens our ability to treat common infections and perform life-saving procedures.
p.12
Citing Electronic Sources
When should you use the 'Websites and Online Information' section for citations?
Only if the source does not fit any other categories such as journal articles or government documents.
p.3
Indirect Citations and Secondary Sources
What is the correct format for citing two or more sources?
Create an entry for each source, put them inside the same parentheses, order them alphabetically, and separate entries with semicolons.
p.9
Citation Formats for Different Authors
What should you do if a work has no date in a citation?
Use 'n.d.' followed by letters (a, b, c, etc.) to distinguish between works.
p.3
Citing Non-Retrievable Sources
What should you do if you want to quote material from a lab manual?
Provide the author's name and year, along with the page number of the quoted material.
p.10
Citation Formats for Different Authors
What is the format for providing retrieval information in citations?
Finish with publisher information or retrieval information (DOI or URL).
Provide an example of a narrative citation.
Geddes (2017) reveals that in addition to 'these daunting deficiencies, however, there’s the matter of ordinary smoke and carbon dioxide detectors' (p. 34).
p.8
Reference Page Formatting
What should you provide for books and articles retrieved online?
A DOI if available or the URL if the source is obtained from the internet.
p.16
Citation Formats for Different Authors
What is the citation format for an infographic?
Vacon, C., & MacIsaac-Vacon, A. (2019). Women in Canadian paramedicine [Infographic]. Canadian Paramedicine. https://canadianparamedicine.ca/online-edition/april-may-2019-full-edition/
p.13
Citation Formats for Different Authors
What should you do if there is no author for a periodical article?
Start with the name of the article followed by the date in parentheses.
p.15
Citing Electronic Sources
What was the focus of the webinar hosted by Dejardin, I. on May 8, 2020?
The Group of Seven at 100: Virtual curatorial talk.
p.9
Citation Formats for Different Authors
How should you format a book citation with two to twenty authors?
Include all surnames and initials in the order they appear, using an ampersand (&) before the final surname.
p.3
Citation Formats for Different Authors
What is the citation format for a source with a long title?
Use the first two or three words of the title, capitalizing according to standard English rules.
How should you cite a book with a group or company author?
List the group or company name as the author followed by the publication year and title.
p.17
Artificial Intelligence Tools and Citation
What is the reference entry format for ChatGPT?
OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/
p.16
Citing Non-Retrievable Sources
Are clip art images from Microsoft Word or PowerPoint required to be cited?
No, you do not need a citation or permission to use them.
p.6
Reference Page Formatting
What spacing should be used for the entire References page?
Evenly double spaced with no extra lines between entries.
p.15
Citing Electronic Sources
What recognition did erthos receive according to the Lambton College post on April 30, 2024?
It was one of the six recipients of the 2024 Governor General's Innovation Award.
p.6
Reference Page Formatting
What caution should be taken when using electronic citation generators?
Check entries carefully as they often contain errors that must be corrected.
How should you cite a webpage with a group author?
Include the group author, publication date, title, and URL.
How should group authors be cited in-text?
Provide the full name of the group the first time, followed by initials in square brackets; thereafter, use the initials.
p.10
Citation Formats for Different Authors
What should be included in a dictionary entry citation?
Use 'n.d.' for no date and include a retrieval date.
p.4
Citing Non-Retrievable Sources
How should lectures be cited in-text?
Include the lecturer’s surname and initials, followed by 'lecture' and the date.
p.14
General Patterns for References
What is the significance of the publication date in citations?
It indicates when the source was published, which is crucial for assessing the relevance and timeliness of the information.
p.4
Citing Non-Retrievable Sources
What should be done when referring to a figure in the body of a paper?
Refer to the figure by its number.
p.5
General Patterns for References
Why is it important to understand the mechanisms behind the spread of antibiotic resistance?
Knowledge of the process may teach people the importance of antibiotics and the risks of misuse.
p.2
Reference Page Formatting
How should works be alphabetized on the reference page?
Alphabetize according to the first word of the title following the date.
p.12
Citing Electronic Sources
What type of date should you avoid including in citations?
'Last reviewed' dates, as the content may not have changed.
p.9
Citation Formats for Different Authors
How do you distinguish between works by the same author published in the same year?
Use letters (a, b, c, etc.) after the year to differentiate the works.
p.4
Citing Non-Retrievable Sources
What should be included in the citation for personal communication?
The individual's surname and initials, followed by 'personal communication' and the date.
p.17
Artificial Intelligence Tools and Citation
What is the reference entry format for Microsoft CoPilot?
Microsoft. (2024). CoPilot [Large language model]. https://copilot.microsoft.com/
p.4
Citing Non-Retrievable Sources
What formatting is required for the word 'Figure' in captions?
Bold the word 'Figure' and the number.
p.6
Reference Page Formatting
How should the title of the References section be formatted?
Centre and boldface on the line, but do not underline.
p.6
Reference Page Formatting
How should authors' names be formatted in the References section?
Start with the surname followed by initials, using a comma to separate names and an ampersand before the last author.
p.6
Reference Page Formatting
What should be omitted from author entries?
Professional credentials like Dr., Prof., MA, PhD, etc., but retain Jr. or Sr. after initials.
p.13
Citation Formats for Different Authors
What should be included for page numbers in a citation?
Provide the first and last page numbers with a hyphen in between.
p.5
General Patterns for References
What types of medical procedures are at risk due to antibiotic resistance?
Cancer chemotherapy, caesarean sections, hip replacements, organ transplantation, and other surgeries.
p.11
Citation Formats for Different Authors
What is the correct way to cite a government document retrieved from an internet source?
Include the URL in the citation.
p.2
Citation Formats for Different Authors
What is the citation format for two authors in the body of a paper?
Always cite both names every time you use the work, using 'and' to join them.
p.14
Citation Formats for Different Authors
How should a blog post be cited?
Author(s). (Year, Month Day). Title of the post. Website Name. URL.
p.16
Citing Non-Retrievable Sources
How should personal interviews be cited in a paper?
As in-text citations in the body of your paper.
Provide an example of a parenthetical reference.
The inadequacies of firefighting services are further complicated by a lack of equipment, including smoke and CO2 alarms (Geddes, 2017).
p.7
General Patterns for References
When should you include 'Retrieved from' in a citation?
Only if the information is likely to change.
p.15
Citing Electronic Sources
What was Reynolds, R.'s message in their Instagram post on April 16, 2020?
To encourage people to visit conquercovid19.ca and help those in need.
p.15
Citing Electronic Sources
What event did Rob Kardas recognize in their LinkedIn post on April 28, 2024?
The National Day of Mourning.
p.6
Reference Page Formatting
What should you do with the publisher's name in references?
Shorten it to key words and leave out terms like Publishing, Company, Ltd., Inc., etc.
p.10
Citation Formats for Different Authors
What is the correct format for ordinal numbers in edition numbers?
Use ordinal numbers (2nd, 3rd, 4th, etc.) without superscript.
p.14
Citation Formats for Different Authors
How should a journal article with twenty-one or more authors be cited?
List the first 19 authors, followed by an ellipsis (...) and then the last author's name.
p.14
Citation Formats for Different Authors
What is the correct format for citing a journal article?
Author(s). (Year). Title of the article. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), Page range. DOI or URL.
p.14
Citation Formats for Different Authors
How should a magazine article be cited?
Author(s). (Year, Month Day). Title of the article. Magazine Name. URL.
p.17
Artificial Intelligence Tools and Citation
What citation format is used for AI tools like ChatGPT?
(OpenAI, 2023) or OpenAI (2023).
p.17
Artificial Intelligence Tools and Citation
Where can you find guidelines on how to cite ChatGPT?
In the APA Style Blog by McAdoo (2024).
p.4
Citing Non-Retrievable Sources
What should be included after the caption of a figure?
The name of the author or source and the year in parentheses.
p.15
Citing Electronic Sources
What is the purpose of the Canadian Red Cross post on May 11, 2020?
To remind people to keep cleaning commonly used surfaces and provide COVID-19 prevention tips.
p.6
Reference Page Formatting
What should you do if no date is available for a source?
Put 'n.d.' in parentheses without a space after the first period.
p.13
Citation Formats for Different Authors
What should be done if an article has a DOI?
Provide the DOI in place of the URL.
p.11
Citation Formats for Different Authors
How should laws be formatted in citations?
Laws must be capitalized as they are considered proper nouns.
p.9
Citation Formats for Different Authors
What is the correct abbreviation for one editor in a book citation?
Use 'Ed.' for one editor and 'Eds.' for two or more editors.
p.17
Artificial Intelligence Tools and Citation
What is considered academically dishonest when using AI tools?
Submitting work generated in part or in full by an AI tool as one's own.
What is the correct format for in-text citations of two authors?
Use '&' to join names in the in-text citation without a comma before the ampersand.
p.14
Citation Formats for Different Authors
What is the citation format for a newspaper article?
Author(s). (Year, Month Day). Title of the article. Newspaper Name, Page number. URL.
p.12
Citing Electronic Sources
What should you include when citing a webpage with a retrieval date?
The retrieval date and the URL.
p.8
Reference Page Formatting
What is the capitalization rule for titles in reference entries?
Capitalize the first word of the title and subtitle, except for periodical titles and proper nouns; the remaining words should be in lowercase.
p.8
Reference Page Formatting
How should a publisher's name be formatted in a reference entry?
Shorten it to key words, leaving out terms like Publishing, Company, Ltd., Inc., etc., but include Press, Books, University, etc.
p.6
Reference Page Formatting
What must appear on a separate page at the end of your paper?
An alphabetical list of all retrievable sources referred to in your paper.
p.6
Reference Page Formatting
What indentation style should be used for entries?
Use a hanging indent; the first line flush with the left margin and subsequent lines indented 1/2 inch.
p.13
Citation Formats for Different Authors
What is the order of titles in a citation for a periodical article?
The article title always precedes the periodical title.
p.13
Citation Formats for Different Authors
What should be indicated if an article is accepted for publication but not yet published?
'In press' should be used in parentheses instead of a date.
p.10
Citation Formats for Different Authors
How should a hyphenated first name be formatted in citations?
Provide both initials joined by a period and hyphen.
p.17
Artificial Intelligence Tools and Citation
What should students do to avoid academic dishonesty when using AI tools?
Follow instructor’s guidelines and cite the AI tool used.
p.12
Citing Electronic Sources
What is an example of a webpage citation from a news website?
Amos, J. (2020, May 6). Scientists explain magnetic pole's wanderings. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-52550973
p.8
Reference Page Formatting
How should authors' names be formatted in a reference entry?
Start with the surname followed by initials, using a comma to separate names and an ampersand (&) before the last author if there are two or more.
p.7
General Patterns for References
How should a book reference be formatted?
Author, A. A. (year). Title of work. Publisher.
p.7
General Patterns for References
What should you include for online media citations?
Author, A. A. (year, month day). Title or content of the post up to twenty words [Descriptor if applicable]. Site Name. https://xxxxxx
p.8
Reference Page Formatting
What is the correct format for a book with one author?
Author's surname, initials. (Year). Title in italics. Publisher. URL or DOI if applicable.
p.13
Citation Formats for Different Authors
How should the titles of journals, magazines, and newspapers be formatted?
They should be italicized and capitalized appropriately.
p.10
Citation Formats for Different Authors
What is the correct order of information for an article or chapter in a book citation?
Author, date of publication, title, followed by 'In' and book details.
What is the purpose of in-text citations?
To let your reader know the source of your information, ideas, data, pictures, etc., and direct them to these sources.
When should page numbers be provided in in-text citations?
For quotations only, and may also be included for paraphrases from longer sources to help locate borrowed information.
p.12
Citing Electronic Sources
What is the correct format for citing a webpage with an individual author?
Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title. Website Name. URL
p.7
General Patterns for References
What is the second item to include in a reference?
The date (in parentheses).
How do you cite two works by the same author within the same year?
Use letters (a, b) after the year to differentiate between the works.
p.16
Citation Formats for Different Authors
What is the format for citing a video from TED Conferences?
Walker, M. (2020, April). Why sleep matters now more than ever [Video]. TED Conferences. https://www.ted.com/talks/matt_walker_why_sleep_matters_now_more_than_ever
p.4
Citing Non-Retrievable Sources
What is the purpose of using text wrap with figures?
To allow the words to flow around the figures.
p.15
Citing Electronic Sources
What challenge did Smith Engineering address in their Twitter post on April 6, 2020?
Encouraging solutions to pressing challenges facing communities.
p.6
Reference Page Formatting
What should you provide for websites in the References section?
Retrieval information and DOI if available.
p.2
Citation Formats for Different Authors
How should works be distinguished when multiple works from the same year are cited?
Use letters after the year (e.g., n.d. - a, n.d. - b) if no date is provided.
p.12
Citing Electronic Sources
What should you look for in the 'About Us' section of a website?
The author of the content.
p.3
Indirect Citations and Secondary Sources
What should you do when using indirect citations?
Mention the name of the author responsible for the information, but refer to the author of the source where you found the information in parentheses.
What elements are included in in-text citations?
Author(s) surname(s) or part of the title, year of publication, and page number(s) in certain circumstances.
p.17
Artificial Intelligence Tools and Citation
What should be provided in the lead-in sentence when using AI-generated content?
The prompt used to generate the content.
p.8
Reference Page Formatting
What should you do if there is no author or editor for a book?
Start with the title, followed by the date in parentheses.
What should you provide if an electronic source lacks page numbers?
Location numbers, section numbers, or paragraph numbers if possible.
p.14
Citation Formats for Different Authors
What is the difference between citing a newspaper article and an online news site article?
Newspaper articles have specific citation rules that differ from those for online news sites, particularly regarding publication details.
p.4
Citing Non-Retrievable Sources
How should illustrations, pictures, or charts be labeled?
Label each as 'Figure', followed by a number and a descriptive caption.
p.7
General Patterns for References
What is the guideline for using a DOI?
Use a DOI if it is provided.
p.7
General Patterns for References
What is the purpose of a shortened DOI?
To provide a shortened identifier for your article.
p.13
Citation Formats for Different Authors
How should the title of a periodical article be formatted?
It is not in italics and only the first word and proper nouns are capitalized.
p.11
Citation Formats for Different Authors
How should you format a government document citation if there is no author?
Use the name of the government, ministry, department, or agency.
p.11
Citation Formats for Different Authors
What should you include in a citation if two or more works from the same author were produced in the same year?
Use letters a, b, c, etc., after the year to distinguish between the works.
p.10
Citation Formats for Different Authors
How should the title of an article, chapter, story, or poem be formatted in citations?
The title is not italicized and should not have quotation marks.
p.17
Artificial Intelligence Tools and Citation
What must be included when using AI tools to complement assignments?
The use of the AI tool must be cited to give credit to the algorithm.
p.10
Citation Formats for Different Authors
What abbreviation is used for one editor and for multiple editors in citations?
Use 'Ed.' for one editor and 'Eds.' for two or more.
How should the author's name and year appear in a lead-in citation?
They should appear together in the lead-in (narrative citation) or in the parenthetical reference.
p.7
General Patterns for References
What is the format for citing a journal article?
Author, A. A. (year, month day). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), page numbers. http://xxxxxx
p.16
Citation Formats for Different Authors
How should a podcast episode be cited?
Ruskins, B. (Host). (2020, April 22). Nova Scotia grieves after shooting rampage [Audio podcast]. Front Burner. https://www.cbc.ca/radio/frontburner/nova-scotia-grieves-after-shooting-rampage-1.5539171
p.6
Reference Page Formatting
How should entries in the References section be ordered?
In alphabetical order, alphabetizing by the second word if it starts with an article.
p.13
Citation Formats for Different Authors
What are periodicals?
Publications that appear on a recurring basis (daily, weekly, monthly, annually, etc.).
p.13
Citation Formats for Different Authors
How should the date be formatted for journals and magazines/newspapers?
Use only the year for journals; use month, day, and year for magazines and newspapers if available.
p.17
Artificial Intelligence Tools and Citation
What is the controversy surrounding AI tools in education?
Their place in educational settings is controversial, particularly regarding academic dishonesty.
p.3
Citing Electronic Sources
How should you cite lecture notes or PowerPoint presentations?
Include the author's name and year, and provide page numbers for quotes or slide numbers for slides.
What should be done if a group is commonly known by its initials?
Give the full name the first time with initials in square brackets, then use initials thereafter.
p.16
Citation Formats for Different Authors
What is the citation format for a film?
Lee, A. (Director). (1995). Sense and sensibility [Film]. Columbia. https://www.netflix.com/watch/948002?trackId=13752289&tctx=0%2C0%2Cb444b354aecc774ea6afc1053195a4a3198744c8%3Ac22a66607b905306c495e0ebd68f824c8c0846c5%2C%2C
p.13
Citation Formats for Different Authors
How should volume and issue numbers be formatted in citations?
Italicize the volume number and put the issue number in parentheses without using the words 'volume' or 'issue'.
p.13
Citation Formats for Different Authors
How should articles retrieved from a database be treated?
They are treated like print articles if there is no DOI.
