p.1
Password Encryption Algorithms
What is the function of the crypt(3) in UNIX?
It performs the encryption algorithm for passphrases.
p.1
Understanding UID and GID
What does the UID represent in the /etc/passwd file?
User ID number, which should be unique for each user.
p.1
Shadow File and Password Security
What is the general form of a shadow file entry?
username:passphrase:lastchg:min:max:warn:inact:exp:flag.
p.1
User Account Management Commands
What happens if a user's home directory does not exist during login?
The shell will start at the top of the filesystem ('/').
p.2
User Account Management Commands
What utilities do FreeBSD provide for user management?
adduser (8) and rmuser (8).
p.2
Understanding UID and GID
What is the numeric group ID number in the /etc/group file?
It is referred to as gid and must be unique.
p.2
User Account Management Commands
What does the usermod (8) command do?
It changes attributes of existing users in Solaris/Linux.
p.2
Editing Password Files Safely
What is the purpose of the vipw (8) command?
It allows direct editing of the passwd file with file locking to prevent corruption.
p.2
User Information Storage in UNIX
What is the role of the pwd_mkdb (8) command?
It builds database files from the master.passwd file.
p.1
Password Encryption Algorithms
What encryption algorithms are newer systems using for passphrases?
MD5, SHA256, SHA512, etc.
p.2
Structure of /etc/passwd File
What is the format of a standard passwd file?
name:pass:uid:gid:class:change:exp:gecos:home_dir:shell.
p.1
Shadow File and Password Security
What does the 'lastchg' field in the shadow file represent?
Number of days since Jan 1, 1970 when the passphrase was last changed.
p.2
Understanding UID and GID
What is the significance of January 1, 1970, in UNIX systems?
It is known as 'the Epoch' and marks the start of UNIX time, measured in seconds since this date.
p.1
Structure of /etc/passwd File
What is the purpose of the GCOS field in the /etc/passwd file?
Typically contains the user's real name and information for mail headers.
p.1
User Information Storage in UNIX
What files do Linux/Solaris use to store user information?
/etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, and /etc/group.
p.2
Shadow File and Password Security
What is the purpose of the /etc/master.passwd file in FreeBSD?
It contains all real password file information, including passphrases.
p.2
User Information Storage in UNIX
What does the general form of a line in /etc/group file look like?
groupname:passphrase:gid:user-list.
