p.7
Mortality and Morbidity Rates
What is infant mortality rate?
The number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births in a year.
p.47
Health Needs Assessment
What are the social needs in Maslow's hierarchy?
Friendship, family, and sexual intimacy.
p.10
Health Equity and Access
How is health defined in the context of mortality?
Health is defined as the absence of disease.
p.55
Health Needs Assessment
What does a patient experiencing chronic pain typically want?
To seek medical advice or treatment options.
p.6
Mortality and Morbidity Rates
What is morbidity in the context of health assessment?
The occurrence of disease or illness in a population, including both fatal and non-fatal outcomes.
p.1
Measuring Health Outcomes
What does measuring the efficacy of health promotion interventions help with?
It assists in evaluating outcomes of professional actions.
p.66
Health Needs Assessment
What factors contribute to the variation in health needs definitions?
Diverse values, attitudes, and contexts of stakeholders.
p.17
Mortality and Morbidity Rates
What does cause-specific morbidity rate refer to?
Morbidity rate from a specific cause, such as lung cancer.
p.46
Health Needs Assessment
What are health needs?
Something people want or are lacking in comparison to others.
p.41
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
How is health defined beyond the absence of disease?
Health is more than just the absence of disease.
p.49
Health Needs Assessment
What are the four types of health and social needs proposed by Bradshaw in 1972?
Normative Needs, Felt Needs, Expressed Needs, Comparative Needs.
p.1
Measuring Health Outcomes
What is the significance of measuring health?
To evaluate the outcomes of professional actions and improve health interventions.
p.41
Social Determinants of Health
What is social support composed of?
Social network and perceived adequacy.
p.65
Health Needs Assessment
What are the four types of health and social needs proposed by Bradshaw in 1972?
Comparative Needs, Normative Needs, Felt Needs, and Expressed Needs.
p.15
Mortality and Morbidity Rates
What does morbidity refer to?
Unhealthy outcomes, including both fatal and non-fatal outcomes.
p.23
Mortality and Morbidity Rates
What health outcome is related to low birth weight?
It is related to maternal health risk.
p.61
Health Needs Assessment
What are the four types of health and social needs proposed by Bradshaw in 1972?
Expressed Needs, Normative Needs, Comparative Needs, and Felt Needs.
p.59
Health Needs Assessment
How can demand for health needs be observed?
Through words and actions.
p.11
Mortality and Morbidity Rates
What is cause-specific mortality rate?
Mortality rate from a specific cause, such as lung cancer.
p.55
Health Needs Assessment
What is an example of a Felt Need?
Chronic pain relief, such as a patient seeking treatment for persistent back pain.
p.63
Health Needs Assessment
What did Bradshaw propose in 1972?
Four types of health and social needs.
p.63
Health Needs Assessment
What are comparative needs?
Needs identified by comparing the availability of services in different areas with similar populations.
p.63
Health Needs Assessment
How are comparative needs assessed?
By comparing service availability across different areas.
p.37
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What does health encompass beyond the absence of disease?
Health is more than just the absence of disease; it includes physical well-being, functional ability, and health status.
p.48
Health Needs Assessment
What are the four types of health and social needs proposed by Bradshaw in 1972?
Normative Needs, Felt Needs, Expressed Needs, Comparative Needs.
p.18
Health Equity and Access
What is the social model of health?
Health is a product of biological, social, and environmental factors.
p.63
Health Needs Assessment
What is the significance of identifying different types of health needs?
It helps in understanding and addressing the specific health requirements of populations.
p.54
Health Needs Assessment
What are felt needs?
Subjective needs based on what people really want, influenced by personal experiences and feelings.
p.55
Health Needs Assessment
What are the four types of health and social needs proposed by Bradshaw?
Felt Needs, Expressed Needs, Normative Needs, and Comparative Needs.
p.41
Social Determinants of Health
What does social capital enable individuals to do?
Work together effectively.
p.9
Mortality and Morbidity Rates
How does the infant mortality rate vary?
It varies over time periods and populations.
p.52
Health Needs Assessment
What are the four types of health and social needs proposed by Bradshaw?
Normative needs, felt needs, expressed needs, and comparative needs.
p.17
Epidemiology and Disease Distribution
What is the significance of cause-specific morbidity rates in epidemiology?
They help in understanding the impact of specific diseases on public health.
p.65
Health Needs Assessment
What is an example of Comparative Needs in mental health services?
A city offering more comprehensive mental health support than another, highlighting a gap in service provision.
p.14
Mortality and Morbidity Rates
Why is the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) considered a key indicator?
It reflects the overall health and well-being of a population.
p.46
Health Needs Assessment
What is the purpose of defining health needs?
To identify what individuals require for better health outcomes.
p.65
Health Equity and Access
What does the disparity in mental health services between regions indicate?
A gap in service provision that needs addressing.
p.23
Health Equity and Access
How is health defined beyond the absence of disease?
Health is more than just the absence of disease.
p.2
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What is the medical model's definition of health?
Health is defined as the absence of disease.
p.39
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What does health encompass beyond the absence of disease?
Health is more than just the absence of disease; it includes psychological well-being.
p.32
Health Equity and Access
How can HDI and GDP per capita be compared?
They can be compared to analyze the relationship between economic performance and human development.
p.53
Health Needs Assessment
What are 'Felt Needs'?
Needs that individuals perceive and express.
p.59
Health Equity and Access
What contributes to increased health inequality?
Only loud and powerful voices get heard.
p.1
Health Needs Assessment
What is the purpose of collecting and evaluating health information?
To assist planning and establish priorities and standards for evaluating health promotion interventions.
p.66
Health Needs Assessment
How do stakeholders' values and attitudes influence health needs assessments?
They shape varied needs definitions, influencing identification and prioritization.
p.8
Mortality and Morbidity Rates
What does the Crude Mortality Rate measure?
Number of deaths per 1,000 people within a specific time frame.
p.17
Health Equity and Access
How is health defined in the context of morbidity?
Health is defined as the absence of disease.
p.59
Health Needs Assessment
What are expressed needs according to Bradshaw (1972)?
Felt needs that have been acted upon, indicating demand.
p.54
Health Needs Assessment
What are the four types of health and social needs proposed by Bradshaw in 1972?
Felt needs, service needs, normative needs, and expressed needs.
p.51
Health Needs Assessment
What is an example of normative needs?
Vaccination requirements based on public health guidelines.
p.49
Health Needs Assessment
What is meant by 'Normative Needs'?
Needs defined by experts based on standards.
p.61
Health Needs Assessment
What is an example of expressed needs in health?
Emergency room visits for asthma attacks.
p.27
Collecting and Evaluating Health Information
What is the source of the information provided?
Department of Health, Cervical Screening Programme Annual Statistics Report 2022.
p.14
Social Determinants of Health
What factors does the IMR reflect?
Quality of health care, maternal health, and socioeconomic conditions.
p.42
Social Determinants of Health
What is social capital?
Social capital refers to the networks, relationships, and norms that facilitate cooperation within a community.
p.37
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What is the SF-36 Health Survey?
A self-reported scale that measures health across 8 dimensions.
p.52
Health Needs Assessment
What happens if a patient's blood pressure exceeds normal levels?
Healthcare professionals determine a normative need for intervention to manage hypertension.
p.39
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What does psychological well-being evaluate?
It evaluates emotional status, life satisfaction, and psychological resilience.
p.44
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What is a challenge in defining quality of life?
Lack of consensus among experts.
p.53
Health Needs Assessment
What are 'Expressed Needs'?
Needs that are demonstrated through actions or requests.
p.25
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What are objective health measures?
Indicators that include health behavior, social-economic deprivation, and environmental factors.
p.44
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
Is the concept of quality of life static?
No, it is still being refined and researched.
p.10
Mortality and Morbidity Rates
What is age-specific mortality rate?
Mortality rate in a specific age group (e.g., 75 years or above).
p.60
Health Needs Assessment
What does an increase in clinic visits for diabetes care indicate?
It indicates a community's expressed need for diabetes management and education.
p.60
Health Needs Assessment
What is an example of expressed needs in health care?
Increased clinic visits for diabetes care.
p.46
Health Needs Assessment
Why do nurses need to assess individuals?
To manage their care and encourage healthier lifestyles.
p.44
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What is health defined as?
More than just the absence of disease.
p.64
Health Needs Assessment
What are the four types of health and social needs proposed by Bradshaw in 1972?
Comparative Needs, Normative Needs, Felt Needs, and Expressed Needs.
p.53
Health Needs Assessment
What is meant by 'Normative Needs'?
Needs defined by experts based on standards.
p.64
Health Needs Assessment
What is an example of Comparative Needs?
Access to primary care in rural vs. urban areas.
p.34
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What aspects of the physical environment are included in environmental indicators?
Air quality, water quality, housing type, density, carbon footprints, climate, and atmosphere.
p.49
Health Needs Assessment
What are 'Felt Needs'?
Needs that individuals perceive and express.
p.15
Mortality and Morbidity Rates
What does prevalence measure?
The total number of existing cases (both new and pre-existing) of a condition within a specific time frame in a given population.
p.16
Mortality and Morbidity Rates
What is the Crude Incidence Rate?
Number of new cases for a specific disease per 1,000 people within a specific time frame.
p.27
Collecting and Evaluating Health Information
Which department published the Cervical Screening Programme Annual Statistics Report?
Department of Health, Hong Kong.
p.19
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What are health behavior indicators?
Measures that reflect the health-related actions of individuals.
p.2
Social Determinants of Health
What does the social model of health encompass?
Health is a product of biological, social, and environmental factors.
p.61
Health Needs Assessment
What is the significance of expressed needs in health care?
They indicate actual demand for services based on patient behavior.
p.64
Health Equity and Access
Why is access to primary care important?
It is essential for ensuring adequate health services and addressing health disparities.
p.26
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What are health behavior indicators used to measure?
The number or proportion (prevalence) of people engaging in specific health behaviors.
p.22
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What are health behavior indicators?
Measures that reflect the health-related actions of individuals.
p.59
Health Needs Assessment
What did Bradshaw propose regarding types of health needs?
He proposed four types of health and social needs.
p.36
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What are objective health measures?
Indicators that include health behavior, social-economic deprivation, and environmental factors.
p.26
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What is one specific health behavior indicator related to smoking?
The prevalence of smoking among the population.
p.18
Collecting and Evaluating Health Information
What does measuring health often depend on?
The definition of health being used.
p.16
Mortality and Morbidity Rates
What is the Crude Prevalence Rate?
Number of total cases for a specific disease per 1,000 people within a specific time frame.
p.22
Social Determinants of Health
What do social-economic/deprivation indicators assess?
The impact of social and economic factors on health.
p.40
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What are health behavior indicators?
Measures that reflect the health-related actions of individuals.
p.28
Social Determinants of Health
What do social-economic/deprivation indicators assess?
The impact of social and economic factors on health.
p.24
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What does health encompass beyond the absence of disease?
Health is more than just the absence of disease.
p.9
Mortality and Morbidity Rates
What does the indicator SP.DYN.IMRT represent?
It represents the infant mortality rate.
p.56
Health Needs Assessment
What are felt needs in the context of health?
Needs that individuals perceive and express, such as a desire for counseling or therapy services.
p.27
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What do health behavior indicators measure?
They measure various aspects of health beyond just the absence of disease.
p.53
Health Needs Assessment
What are the four types of health and social needs proposed by Bradshaw in 1972?
Normative Needs, Felt Needs, Expressed Needs, Comparative Needs.
p.27
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What is the definition of health according to the text?
Health is more than just the absence of disease.
p.8
Collecting and Evaluating Health Information
What is the source of the WHO Mortality Database?
https://platform.who.int/mortality
p.37
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What is assessed to determine an individual's health?
An individual's capacity to perform daily activities and tasks.
p.30
Social Determinants of Health
What are social-economic/deprivation indicators used to measure?
Wealth and income, housing, transport and infrastructure, and health.
p.44
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What factors affect quality of life?
Pain and discomfort, ability to live independently.
p.23
Measuring Health Outcomes
What is the significance of weight in health measures?
Weight can indicate health outcomes, such as low birth weight.
p.51
Health Needs Assessment
How do healthcare providers identify normative needs?
By assessing if a child has received vaccinations according to established immunization schedules.
p.49
Health Needs Assessment
What are 'Expressed Needs'?
Needs that are demonstrated through actions.
p.42
Social Determinants of Health
What role does social cohesion play in health?
Social cohesion enhances community support and can lead to better health outcomes.
p.34
Social Determinants of Health
What is the significance of carbon footprints in environmental health?
Carbon footprints are indicators of environmental impact and sustainability.
p.29
Social Determinants of Health
What are some indicators of socio-economic deprivation?
Educational attainment, occupational status, and income.
p.18
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What are subjective measures of health?
Personal perceptions and feelings about one's health.
p.19
Social Determinants of Health
What do social-economic/deprivation indicators assess?
The impact of social and economic factors on health.
p.34
Epidemiology and Disease Distribution
How does wildlife relate to environmental indicators?
Wildlife health and diversity are indicators of ecosystem health.
p.47
Health Needs Assessment
What is Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
A psychological theory that categorizes human needs into a hierarchy, from basic physiological needs to self-actualization.
p.28
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What are health behavior indicators?
Measures that reflect the health-related actions of individuals.
p.21
Social Determinants of Health
What do social-economic deprivation indicators assess?
They evaluate the impact of socio-economic factors on health.
p.29
Social Determinants of Health
What is the relationship between SES and health?
SES is strongly associated with health outcomes.
p.18
Health Equity and Access
What is a key aspect of the social model of health?
It emphasizes more than just the absence of disease.
p.2
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What are subjective measures in health assessment?
Personal perceptions and experiences of health.
p.36
Social Determinants of Health
What do social-economic deprivation indicators assess?
They evaluate the impact of social and economic factors on health.
p.26
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What is a key health behavior indicator for alcohol consumption?
The prevalence of alcohol consumption in the population.
p.1
Health Needs Assessment
Why is baseline data important in health planning?
It helps to plan priorities and establish standards for evaluating health promotion interventions.
p.10
Mortality and Morbidity Rates
What does the term 'mortality rate' refer to?
The frequency of deaths in a specific population over a given time period.
p.56
Health Needs Assessment
What are the four types of health and social needs proposed by Bradshaw in 1972?
Felt needs, expressed needs, normative needs, and comparative needs.
p.8
Mortality and Morbidity Rates
How does the Crude Mortality Rate vary?
It varies over time periods and populations.
p.51
Health Needs Assessment
What are the four types of health and social needs proposed by Bradshaw in 1972?
Normative needs, felt needs, expressed needs, and comparative needs.
p.42
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What do subjective measures in health refer to?
They refer to personal perceptions and feelings about health.
p.52
Health Needs Assessment
What defines normative needs in healthcare?
Normative needs are defined by medical guidelines and standards.
p.42
Health Equity and Access
How is health defined beyond the absence of disease?
Health is seen as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
p.52
Health Needs Assessment
What is an example of a normative need?
Blood pressure standards defined by medical guidelines.
p.18
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
How is health defined in the medical model?
Health is defined as the absence of disease.
p.54
Health Needs Assessment
How can felt needs be limited or inflated?
By one's awareness and knowledge about what could be available.
p.64
Health Needs Assessment
What indicates a need for improved healthcare access in rural areas?
The lack of a local clinic compared to urban areas.
p.34
Health Equity and Access
What does health encompass beyond the absence of disease?
Health is more than just the absence of disease; it includes overall well-being.
p.32
Health Equity and Access
Why is it important to study the relationship between HDI and GDP per capita?
To understand how economic growth impacts human well-being and development.
p.59
Health Needs Assessment
What is unmet demand in the context of health needs?
Needs that are not expressed due to inability or unwillingness to articulate them.
p.39
Collecting and Evaluating Health Information
What is Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)?
A screening tool designed to identify common psychiatric conditions in individuals.
p.49
Health Needs Assessment
What are 'Comparative Needs'?
Needs identified by comparing different populations or groups.
p.29
Health Equity and Access
How is health defined beyond the absence of disease?
Health is more than just the absence of disease.
p.20
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What are health behavior indicators used for?
To identify at-risk groups.
p.7
Mortality and Morbidity Rates
How is mortality measured?
Using mortality rates over a period of time.
p.39
Collecting and Evaluating Health Information
What are the different versions of the GHQ?
GHQ-12, GHQ-28, GHQ-30, GHQ-60 (ranging from simple to comprehensive).
p.25
Social Determinants of Health
What do social-economic deprivation indicators measure?
They measure the impact of social and economic factors on health.
p.20
Social Determinants of Health
What do social-economic/deprivation indicators assess?
The impact of socio-economic factors on health.
p.30
Social Determinants of Health
What transport and infrastructure aspects are measured?
Travel time to work, access to public transport, internet access, and job availability.
p.19
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What does health encompass beyond the absence of disease?
A holistic view that includes physical, mental, and social well-being.
p.25
Social Determinants of Health
What is included in environmental indicators?
Factors related to the physical environment that affect health.
p.30
Health Equity and Access
How is health defined beyond the absence of disease?
Health is more than just the absence of disease.
p.1
Health Promotion Interventions
What is one reason to justify resources in health promotion?
Providing evidence on the effectiveness of the activities.
p.60
Health Needs Assessment
What are the four types of health and social needs proposed by Bradshaw?
Expressed Needs, Normative Needs, Comparative Needs, and Felt Needs.
p.6
Mortality and Morbidity Rates
What does mortality refer to in health assessment?
The number of deaths that occur in a population.
p.23
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What does height measure in terms of health?
It is a proxy of nutritional status of a population.
p.14
Mortality and Morbidity Rates
What does Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) measure?
The number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births in a given year.
p.32
Health Equity and Access
What does the Human Development Index (HDI) measure?
It measures the overall development of a country, including health, education, and income.
p.41
Social Determinants of Health
What does assessing social cohesion involve?
Evaluating how well people function as community members.
p.32
Social Determinants of Health
What is GDP per capita?
Gross Domestic Product divided by the population, indicating the average economic output per person.
p.61
Health Needs Assessment
What do high numbers of emergency room visits for asthma suggest?
A demand for better asthma control and prevention programs.
p.30
Social Determinants of Health
What financial aspect is included in wealth and income indicators?
Financial stress and older age provision.
p.16
Mortality and Morbidity Rates
How does the Crude Incidence Rate vary?
It varies over time periods and populations.
p.37
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What type of tool is the SF-36 Health Survey?
It is a self-reported tool.
p.21
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What do health behavior indicators measure?
They assess the actions and habits that affect health.
p.2
Measuring Health Outcomes
What are objective measures in health assessment?
Quantifiable data that can be measured directly.
p.4
Epidemiology and Disease Distribution
What is one of the main purposes of epidemiology?
To identify health problems.
p.47
Health Needs Assessment
What are the basic physiological needs according to Maslow?
Breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, excretion.
p.7
Mortality and Morbidity Rates
What is crude mortality rate?
The total number of deaths in a population over a specific time period.
p.21
Social Determinants of Health
What do environmental indicators measure?
They assess the impact of environmental factors on health.
p.29
Social Determinants of Health
How are happiness and life satisfaction related to GDP?
They are only weakly related to GDP.
p.20
Social Determinants of Health
What do environmental indicators measure?
The influence of environmental factors on health.
p.18
Epidemiology and Disease Distribution
What is the relationship between health and negative variables in epidemiology?
Measuring health can involve assessing negative variables.
p.47
Health Needs Assessment
What needs come after physiological needs in Maslow's hierarchy?
Safety needs, including security of body, employment, resources, morality, family, health, and property.
p.19
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What aspects are included in subjective health measures?
Physical well-being, functional ability, and health status.
p.4
Epidemiology and Disease Distribution
How does epidemiology assess the effectiveness of health measures?
By evaluating preventive measures.
p.21
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What is a key concept of health beyond disease?
Health is more than just the absence of disease.
p.36
Social Determinants of Health
What do environmental indicators measure?
They assess the impact of environmental factors on health.
p.66
Health Needs Assessment
What is the role of stakeholders in health needs assessments?
They influence the identification and prioritization of health needs.
p.56
Health Needs Assessment
What is an example of a felt need related to mental health?
An individual feeling anxious or depressed and desiring counseling or therapy services.
p.6
Mortality and Morbidity Rates
How is health defined in the context of disease?
As the absence of disease.
p.34
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What are environmental indicators?
Measures that reflect the quality of the physical environment, including air and water quality.
p.15
Mortality and Morbidity Rates
How is incidence defined?
The number of new cases of a disease diagnosed within a specific time frame in a given population.
p.51
Health Needs Assessment
What do public health guidelines recommend for children?
Specific vaccinations at certain ages to prevent diseases.
p.65
Health Equity and Access
Why is it important to address disparities in health services?
To ensure equitable access to necessary health support for all populations.
p.18
Measuring Health Outcomes
What are objective measures of health?
Quantifiable data that can be observed and measured.
p.54
Health Needs Assessment
What are service needs?
Felt needs that relate to services, information, or supports.
p.21
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What are objective health measures?
Indicators that include health behavior, social-economic deprivation, and environmental factors.
p.2
Health Equity and Access
How does the social model differ from the medical model?
The social model views health as more than just the absence of disease.
p.53
Health Needs Assessment
What are 'Comparative Needs'?
Needs identified by comparing different groups or populations.
p.25
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What do health behavior indicators assess?
They assess the actions and habits that affect health.
p.19
Social Determinants of Health
What do environmental indicators measure?
The influence of environmental factors on health outcomes.
p.30
Social Determinants of Health
What housing factors are considered in social-economic indicators?
Supply and affordability.
p.36
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What do health behavior indicators measure?
They assess the actions and habits that influence health.
p.16
Mortality and Morbidity Rates
How does the Crude Prevalence Rate vary?
It varies over time periods and populations.
p.22
Social Determinants of Health
What do environmental indicators measure?
The influence of environmental factors on health.
p.28
Social Determinants of Health
What do environmental indicators measure?
The influence of environmental factors on health outcomes.
p.40
Social Determinants of Health
What do social-economic/deprivation indicators assess?
The impact of social and economic factors on health.
p.2
Measuring Health Outcomes
What is a key aspect of measuring health?
It involves both negative variables and positive health indicators.
p.43
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What are objective health measures?
Indicators that include health behavior, social-economic deprivation, and environmental factors.
p.29
Health Equity and Access
What role does female education play in socio-economic status?
It is a key indicator of socio-economic status.
p.20
Health Equity and Access
What is the broader definition of health?
More than just the absence of disease.
p.25
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
How is health defined beyond the absence of disease?
Health is more than just the absence of disease; it encompasses overall well-being.
p.22
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What is the broader definition of health?
More than just the absence of disease.
p.31
Health Equity and Access
What does the Human Development Index (HDI) measure?
It ranks countries based on health, education, and standard of living.
p.33
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What are health behavior indicators?
Measures that reflect the health-related actions of individuals.
p.26
Health Promotion Interventions
What is an important health behavior related to childhood illnesses?
Immunizing children against childhood illnesses.
p.28
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
How is health defined beyond the absence of disease?
Health encompasses overall well-being, including physical and mental aspects.
p.19
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What does psychological well-being refer to?
An individual's emotional and mental health state.
p.31
Measuring Health Outcomes
What health indicators are included in the HDI?
Life expectancy at birth and infant mortality rate (IMR).
p.21
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What does psychological well-being refer to?
It refers to mental health and emotional stability.
p.33
Social Determinants of Health
What do social-economic/deprivation indicators assess?
The impact of social and economic factors on health.
p.20
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What aspects are included in psychological well-being?
Mental health and emotional stability.
p.21
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What does quality of life encompass?
It includes overall well-being and life satisfaction.
p.35
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What do health behavior indicators measure?
They assess the actions and habits that affect health.
p.40
Social Determinants of Health
What is social capital?
The networks and relationships that facilitate cooperation within a community.
p.33
Social Determinants of Health
What is social capital?
The networks and relationships that facilitate cooperation within a community.
p.35
Social Determinants of Health
What is meant by social capital and social cohesion?
They refer to the networks and relationships that contribute to community health.
p.50
Health Needs Assessment
What defines Objective Needs according to Bradshaw?
Needs identified by healthcare experts based on professional standards or norms.
p.7
Mortality and Morbidity Rates
What is the formula for expressing mortality rates?
e.g., 5 deaths per 1,000 persons per year.
p.25
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What are subjective health measures?
Measures that include physical well-being, psychological well-being, and quality of life.
p.36
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What are subjective health measures focused on?
Physical well-being, functional ability, and health status.
p.26
Health Equity and Access
How is health defined beyond the absence of disease?
Health is more than just the absence of disease.
p.20
Social Determinants of Health
What does social capital refer to in health measures?
The networks and relationships that contribute to social cohesion.
p.58
Health Needs Assessment
What are 'Comparative Needs'?
Needs identified by comparing different groups or populations.
p.43
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What does psychological well-being refer to?
It refers to mental health and emotional stability.
p.43
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What does quality of life encompass?
It includes overall satisfaction and well-being in various life aspects.
p.35
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What does quality of life encompass?
It includes overall well-being and life satisfaction.
p.62
Health Needs Assessment
What is meant by 'Normative Needs'?
Needs defined by experts based on standards.
p.62
Health Needs Assessment
What are 'Expressed Needs'?
Needs that are demonstrated through actions or behaviors.
p.50
Health Needs Assessment
What is the purpose of identifying ways to meet health needs?
To address needs based on available resources.
p.43
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What do health behavior indicators measure?
They assess the actions and habits that affect health.
p.22
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What does psychological well-being refer to?
An individual's emotional and mental health.
p.19
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
How is quality of life defined in health measures?
The general well-being of individuals and societies, encompassing physical, psychological, and social aspects.
p.40
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What aspects are included in subjective health measures?
Physical well-being, functional ability, and health status.
p.33
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What aspects are included in subjective health measures?
Physical well-being, functional ability, and health status.
p.43
Social Determinants of Health
What is meant by social capital and social cohesion?
They refer to the networks and relationships that contribute to community health.
p.35
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What does psychological well-being refer to?
It refers to mental health and emotional stability.
p.38
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What is meant by quality of life?
An individual's overall satisfaction and well-being in life.
p.4
Epidemiology and Disease Distribution
What is a key goal of epidemiology?
To inform policy and practice.
p.20
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What do subjective measures of health include?
Physical well-being, functional ability, and health status.
p.43
Social Determinants of Health
What do environmental indicators measure?
They assess the impact of environmental factors on health.
p.28
Social Determinants of Health
What is meant by social capital and social cohesion?
The networks and relationships that facilitate cooperation and support within communities.
p.36
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What does quality of life refer to in health measures?
The overall well-being and satisfaction with life.
p.40
Social Determinants of Health
What does social cohesion indicate?
The strength of relationships and the sense of belonging within a community.
p.38
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What are health behavior indicators?
Measures that reflect the health-related actions of individuals.
p.38
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What does psychological well-being refer to?
An individual's emotional and mental health.
p.62
Health Needs Assessment
What are 'Felt Needs'?
Needs that individuals perceive and express.
p.62
Health Needs Assessment
What are 'Comparative Needs'?
Needs identified by comparing different groups or populations.
p.58
Health Needs Assessment
What are the four types of health and social needs proposed by Bradshaw in 1972?
Normative Needs, Felt Needs, Expressed Needs, Comparative Needs.
p.26
Health Promotion Interventions
What types of cancer should be screened for as part of health behavior indicators?
Cervical and breast cancer.
p.28
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What aspects are included in subjective health measures?
Physical well-being, functional ability, and health status.
p.47
Health Needs Assessment
What higher-level needs are included in Maslow's hierarchy?
Morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem-solving, lack of prejudice, and acceptance of facts.
p.25
Social Determinants of Health
What is social capital?
The networks and relationships that facilitate cooperation and support within a community.
p.36
Social Determinants of Health
What is social capital in the context of health?
The networks and relationships that contribute to social cohesion and health.
p.43
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What are subjective health measures?
Indicators that include physical well-being, psychological well-being, and quality of life.
p.3
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What are subjective measures of health?
Personal perceptions and experiences regarding health.
p.38
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
How is health defined beyond the absence of disease?
Health encompasses overall well-being, including physical, mental, and social aspects.
p.50
Health Needs Assessment
How are Objective Needs assessed?
Using physiological indicators.
p.21
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What are subjective health measures?
Indicators that include physical well-being, psychological well-being, and quality of life.
p.47
Health Needs Assessment
What needs are associated with esteem in Maslow's hierarchy?
Self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect of others, and respect by others.
p.58
Health Needs Assessment
What are 'Felt Needs'?
Needs that individuals perceive and express.
p.25
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What does quality of life encompass?
It encompasses overall life satisfaction and well-being.
p.31
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What is the broader definition of health according to the HDI?
More than just the absence of disease.
p.33
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What does psychological well-being refer to?
An individual's emotional and mental health.
p.38
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What aspects are included in subjective health measures?
Physical well-being, functional ability, and health status.
p.50
Health Needs Assessment
What might differ when assessing health needs?
The judgment of healthcare experts might differ from that of clients.
p.29
Health Equity and Access
What types of equity are mentioned in the context of health?
Racial, sex, and income equity.
p.7
Health Equity and Access
How is health defined in this context?
As the absence of disease.
p.25
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What does psychological well-being refer to?
It refers to mental health and emotional stability.
p.4
Epidemiology and Disease Distribution
How is health defined in the context of epidemiology?
As the absence of disease.
p.33
Social Determinants of Health
What do environmental indicators measure?
The influence of environmental factors on health outcomes.
p.31
Health Equity and Access
How does the HDI impact health?
It shows how development affects health in different countries.
p.20
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What is quality of life in health measures?
An individual's overall well-being and satisfaction with life.
p.3
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What are objective measures of health?
Quantifiable data that can be observed and measured.
p.33
Social Determinants of Health
What does social cohesion indicate?
The degree of social bonds and trust within a community.
p.38
Social Determinants of Health
What is social capital?
The networks and relationships that facilitate cooperation and support within a community.
p.40
Social Determinants of Health
What do environmental indicators measure?
The influence of environmental factors on health outcomes.
p.19
Social Determinants of Health
What is social capital?
The networks and relationships that facilitate cooperation within a community.
p.21
Social Determinants of Health
What is social capital?
The networks and relationships that facilitate cooperation and support within a community.
p.3
Social Determinants of Health
What does the social model of health encompass?
Health is a product of biological, social, and environmental factors.
p.22
Social Determinants of Health
What does social cohesion refer to?
The strength of relationships and sense of belonging within a community.
p.28
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What is quality of life in health measures?
An individual's overall enjoyment of life and satisfaction with their health.
p.35
Social Determinants of Health
What do environmental indicators measure?
They assess the impact of environmental factors on health.
p.35
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What are subjective health measures?
Indicators that include physical well-being, psychological well-being, and quality of life.
p.36
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What is a key concept of health beyond disease?
Health is more than just the absence of disease.
p.43
Social Determinants of Health
What do social-economic deprivation indicators assess?
They evaluate the impact of socio-economic status on health.
p.36
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What aspects do psychological well-being indicators cover?
They assess mental health and emotional wellness.
p.35
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What are objective health measures?
Indicators that include health behavior, social-economic deprivation, and environmental factors.
p.33
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What is a key concept of health beyond disease?
Health is more than just the absence of disease.
p.22
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What is quality of life?
An individual's overall well-being and satisfaction with life.
p.38
Social Determinants of Health
What do social-economic/deprivation indicators assess?
The impact of social and economic factors on health.
p.38
Social Determinants of Health
What does social cohesion indicate?
The degree of social bonds and trust among community members.
p.20
Measuring Health Outcomes
What is one goal of health measures?
To assess the effectiveness of preventive measures.
p.40
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What does health encompass beyond the absence of disease?
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
p.28
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What does psychological well-being refer to?
An individual's emotional and mental health.
p.43
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
How is health defined beyond the absence of disease?
Health is more than just the absence of disease; it encompasses overall well-being.
p.35
Social Determinants of Health
What do social-economic deprivation indicators assess?
They evaluate the impact of social and economic factors on health.
p.35
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What is the broader definition of health?
Health is more than just the absence of disease.
p.38
Social Determinants of Health
What do environmental indicators measure?
The influence of environmental factors on health outcomes.
p.62
Health Needs Assessment
What are the four types of health and social needs proposed by Bradshaw in 1972?
Normative Needs, Felt Needs, Expressed Needs, Comparative Needs.
p.50
Health Needs Assessment
What are the four types of health and social needs proposed by Bradshaw in 1972?
Normative Needs and Objective Needs.
p.22
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What aspects are included in subjective health measures?
Physical well-being, functional ability, and health status.
p.58
Health Needs Assessment
What is meant by 'Normative Needs'?
Needs defined by experts based on standards.
p.3
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What is the medical model's definition of health?
Health is defined as the absence of disease.
p.22
Social Determinants of Health
What is social capital?
The networks and relationships that facilitate cooperation within a community.
p.58
Health Needs Assessment
What are 'Expressed Needs'?
Needs that are demonstrated through actions or requests.
p.40
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What does psychological well-being refer to?
An individual's emotional and mental health status.
p.3
Health Equity and Access
What is a limitation of the medical model of health?
It views health as more than just the absence of disease.
p.40
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What is quality of life?
An individual's overall well-being and satisfaction with life.
p.33
Subjective and Objective Health Measures
What is quality of life?
An individual's overall well-being and satisfaction with life.
