Accuracy is the difference between the mean of the measurement and the reference value.
The CHIMP Robot is a robotic system designed to navigate and perform tasks in challenging environments, showcased during the DARPA Robotics Challenge.
To enhance the effectiveness of medical procedures, leading to reduced patient trauma and shorter recovery times.
Medical devices are integral members of healthcare delivery, ensuring that they are safe and effective to ultimately benefit the public.
People seek 'better' healthcare solutions that are less invasive, more capable and effective, more personalized, and more accessible both physically and economically.
The DARPA Robotics Challenge aimed to advance the development of robots that can assist in disaster response and perform tasks in hazardous environments.
To assist and replace (partially or fully) human beings in repetitive, dangerous, laborious, and other undesired tasks.
The steps include monitoring and stimulating a woman’s ovulatory process, harvesting ovum/ova, allowing sperm to fertilize eggs in a culture medium, culturing the embryo, and implanting the embryo in a uterus.
Consequences can include failing the course and being reported to the University panel on academic misconduct.
The future direction involves using advanced technologies to scan the body for any signs of damage, abnormalities, or diseases.
Advantages include easier disinfection, physical distancing between patients and healthcare providers, and the ability to integrate more disposable parts.
Factors include population aging leading to a smaller labor market, the need for more sophisticated treatment for a greater number of diseases, and disparities in healthcare resources.
The Arthrobot is the first surgical robot, used for the first time in 1983 by Canadian physicians.
Accuracy, repeatability, reliability, and resistance to harsh environments (deep sea, outer space, disaster scenes, etc.).
The concern about future pandemics is motivated by the potential for widespread health crises that can arise from infectious diseases, impacting global health and economies.
The number of live births per 1,000 people in a population, which in China was 7.52‰ in 2021.
The ratio of the number of people who have reached the state pension age (65 and older) to the number of people in the working age group (15 to 64 years).
A decade retrospective of medical robotics research encompasses a comprehensive review and analysis of advancements, trends, and significant findings in the field of medical robotics over the past ten years.
Health technology is the application of organized knowledge and skills in the form of devices, medicines, vaccines, procedures, and systems developed to solve a health problem and improve quality of lives.
The first animal telerobotic surgery was carried out by a Soviet team in 1967 during a parabolic flight.
Radiation and external energy can be utilized to stimulate cells to proliferate and differentiate, aiding in the restoration of health.
Feedback about lecture pace and content, as well as preferences for interactive discussion over traditional lecturing, is welcomed.
A medical procedure that involves fertilizing an egg outside the body and implanting it into the uterus, recognized for its higher success rate and impact on childbirth.
The year 1966 is significant because it marks the release of the film 'Fantastic Voyage,' which popularized the concept of miniature robotics in a medical context.
Multi-functional catheters are advanced medical devices designed to perform various tasks, such as imaging and therapeutic interventions, particularly in hard-to-reach regions of the body.
Factors contributing to disparity in healthcare resources include age, disability, geographic location, gender and sexual identity, race and ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.
To contribute to the local knowledge-based economy as an innovation and technology industry by servicing the medical and healthcare device industries, building internal competencies, setting and observing professional and industrial standards, and facilitating national and international cooperation.
Global challenges in healthcare refer to significant issues that affect health systems worldwide, such as pandemics, which can strain resources and impact public health.
A fully untethered imaging device that moves passively inside the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and is fully sealed.
Healthcare is the maintenance or improvement of health via the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, amelioration, or cure of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in people.
IVF is a process of fertilization where an egg is combined with a sperm in vitro ('in glass').
The trend of individuals living longer due to advancements in healthcare, nutrition, and overall living conditions.
Robots provide a visual feed of tissue-of-interest when the direct line-of-sight is obstructed.
Hemorrhagic shock is a primary cause of death in combat casualties, often associated with significant blood loss.
In-vitro fertilization has been recognized for its significant contribution to childbirth, including being acknowledged by the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 2010.
The scope of Healthcare encompasses the various services, practices, and systems aimed at maintaining or improving health, including prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation.
The learning curve describes the correlation between a learner’s performance on a task and the number of attempts or time required to complete that task.
Reading your DNA involves analyzing genetic information to understand health risks and tailor personalized treatments.
A machine that resembles a human being and is able to replicate certain human movements and functions automatically. It does not have to look like a human being.
'State-of-the-art' refers to the highest level of development or sophistication in technology, particularly in the context of medical robotics, indicating the most advanced and effective systems available.
Academic honesty is a commitment to five fundamental values: honesty, trust, fairness, respect, and responsibility, which guide behavior in academic communities.
Robots assist surgeons in real-time operations by providing high accuracy and reliability, using specifically designed tools and end-effectors.
A cardiac mapping catheter is a device used in cardiac procedures to visualize and map the electrical activity of the heart, which can help in diagnosing and treating arrhythmias.
Artificial intelligence (AI) in medical imaging is used to enhance diagnostic processes by analyzing images and identifying abnormalities, thereby assisting healthcare professionals in making more accurate diagnoses.
The term '30 years history (1990s)' implies that the development and evolution of robotics, particularly in healthcare, can be traced back to significant advancements made over three decades leading up to the 1990s.
The initial intention was for long-distance trauma surgery in battlefield settings.
MIH stands for Minimally Invasive Healthcare, which refers to medical procedures that are performed through small incisions or natural body openings, aiming to reduce recovery time and minimize trauma to the body.
Challenges faced by Tesla Inc. include production delays, supply chain issues, regulatory hurdles, competition from other automakers, and the need for continuous innovation in electric vehicle technology.
Learning knowledge is compared to eating food, where taking lectures is likened to chewing and swallowing, indicating that it is just the start of the learning process.
Advantages of Minimally Invasive Healthcare include reduced pain and suffering for patients, shorter recovery times, and enhanced efficacy of operations with minimized side effects.
Benefits of Health technology include earlier diagnosis, less invasive treatment, reductions in hospital stays and rehabilitation times, and cost reduction.
Limitations of Minimally Invasive Healthcare include the need for special tools and training, being task-specific, and the inability to perform all operations.
MIH stands for Minimally Invasive Healthcare, which refers to medical procedures that are performed with minimal incisions or disruptions to the body.
The Da Vinci Surgical System is a robotic surgical system designed to facilitate complex surgery using a minimally invasive approach.
Precision refers to repeatability (same everything) and reproducibility (same process).
Motivations for Minimally Invasive Healthcare include reducing patients’ pain and suffering, shortening recovery time, enhancing operation efficacy while minimizing side effects, and accomplishing diagnostic and therapeutic operations at exact locations without disturbing other parts.
A pandemic is an outbreak of a disease that occurs on a global scale, affecting a large number of people across multiple countries or continents.
After-class communications are welcomed in person or via email.
Challenges include heavy reliance on manual operation, arbitrary sperm screening and selection, and the difficulty of conducting the fertilization process.
More task-specific robotic systems are designed with dedicated hardware and software to focus on specific operations and diseases, which increases their efficiency and accuracy in healthcare settings.
The scope of Healthcare encompasses the various services, practices, and systems aimed at maintaining or improving health.
The approach of tailoring medical treatments and healthcare services to meet the individual needs of patients.
Remote actuation and control refers to the ability to operate devices or systems from a distance, often utilizing physical fields and environmental cues such as temperature, pH, and oxygen levels.
Teleoperation refers to the remote control of a robotic system, allowing a surgeon to perform procedures from a distance.
Robotic catheters are advanced medical devices that utilize robotic technology to navigate through the body for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
Limitations include lack of feedback (visual and haptic), less flexibility compared to human hands, and the need for additional learning and training for healthcare providers.
Examples include plagiarism, misrepresentation, collusion, unauthorized access, possession/use of unauthorized material, unauthorized communication, fabricated data, impersonating another student, contract cheating, and fraudulent documents.
Robots can pass through small cuts or natural orifices, navigate along complex trajectories, and access regions at different locations within the human body.
An increasing median age in a population due to declining fertility rates and rising life expectancy, which has become a global challenge affecting almost all countries.
The rising expenses associated with medical services, treatments, and healthcare infrastructure.
An example of a project topic is exploring how to use robotic techniques to reduce the invasiveness of gastroscopy.
The motivations for Robotics in Healthcare include improving surgical precision, enhancing patient outcomes, and reducing recovery times.
Factors that drive the integration of robotic technologies into healthcare systems, including improving patient outcomes, enhancing surgical precision, and addressing workforce shortages.
Minimally invasive diagnostics involve techniques that require small incisions or no incisions at all, reducing recovery time and risk for patients.
Disparity in healthcare resources refers to the variations in access to healthcare and health outcomes among different populations, influenced by factors such as age, disability, geographic location, gender and sexual identity, race and ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.
An engineered system that assists surgeons and nurses in healthcare tasks.
Colonoscopy, gastroscopy, cardiac surgery, and spinal surgery.
HKMHDIA aims to support and advise on Medical Device policies and regulations.
Untethered miniature robots are small robotic devices that operate independently without physical connections, allowing for greater flexibility and maneuverability in various applications, including healthcare.
They require programming, can have bugs, need teleoperation, cannot learn and adapt, are not intelligent, and are only useful for some tasks.
Robotic systems have markedly extended the reach of human beings in sensing, interacting, manipulating, and transforming the world around us.
The combined senior and geriatric population is expected to reach 2.1 billion by 2050.
MIH stands for Minimally Invasive Healthcare, which emphasizes the collaboration between doctors, scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs in the integration of technology and medicine.
The Da Vinci Surgical System is a robotic surgical platform that allows surgeons to perform minimally invasive surgeries with enhanced precision and control.
Healthcare is the organized provision of medical services to maintain or improve health.
Specialised consultative healthcare, such as cancer management, neurosurgery, cardiac surgery, plastic surgery, treatment for severe burns, and advanced neonatology services.
The motivations for Robotics in Healthcare include improving surgical precision, reducing recovery times, enhancing patient outcomes, and increasing the efficiency of healthcare delivery.
Future directions of Robotics in Healthcare involve advancements in artificial intelligence, increased automation in surgical procedures, and the development of more versatile and user-friendly robotic systems.
State-of-the-art Miniature robotics refers to the most advanced and sophisticated technologies in miniature robotic systems, particularly those developed for medical applications.
It minimizes cuts, reduces hospitalization length, and avoids side effects.
Robots in IVF can provide faster, more objective assessments, higher success rates, and reduced costs compared to traditional methods.
Robots filter out hand vibrations, detect human errors, and perform various kinds of medical operations while maintaining a minimum footprint.
A coordinate frame is a system that uses one or more numbers, or coordinates, to uniquely determine the position of points or other geometric elements on a manifold such as Euclidean space.
State-of-the-art robotic technologies refer to the most advanced and effective robotic systems currently available for use in healthcare settings.
Machines provide advantages such as accuracy, precision, reliability, availability, and accessibility in healthcare settings.
Cost-effectiveness is a measure that compares the relative expenses and outcomes (effects) of different courses of action in healthcare, aiming to maximize health benefits per unit of cost.
Lessons learned from the US healthcare situation that can be applied to improve healthcare strategies and policies in Hong Kong.
The term 'state-of-the-art' refers to the most advanced and developed technologies and methodologies currently available in the field of robotics.
Future directions of Robotics in Healthcare involve advancements in AI, improved robotic systems for surgery, and increased automation in patient care.
Robotics is applied in healthcare through surgical robots, rehabilitation devices, and automated medication dispensing systems.
The purpose of a PBL (Project-Based Learning) is to study a chosen topic and propose a robotic solution, enhancing practical understanding and application of robotic techniques in healthcare.
Unprecedented diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities, especially in hard-to-reach and traditionally dangerous areas.
The growing availability of health-related information to the public, often facilitated by technology and the internet.
Miniature robotics refers to small-scale robotic systems designed for various applications, including medical procedures and diagnostics.
Future directions of Robotics in Healthcare involve advancements in AI, improved robotic capabilities, and broader applications in various medical fields.
Lab/organ-on-a-chip technology involves creating microfluidic devices that simulate the functions of human organs for research and drug testing.
Regulations in healthcare robotics refer to the legal and ethical guidelines that govern the development, testing, and use of robotic technologies in medical settings.
The financial impact that diseases or health conditions impose on individuals and society.
Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA) is a technology used to assess sperm morphology, which aims to improve the objectivity of sperm evaluation.
The shifts in daily habits and behaviors that affect health, often influenced by societal trends and technology.
The Human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex system of organs responsible for the digestion and absorption of food, including the stomach and intestines.
Regulations involve a multi-year process to gain approval from authorities, which can be complicated by the lack of applicable procedures for novel devices and systems.
The demographic breakdown of a population based on age, which can influence healthcare needs and resource allocation.
Challenges in implementing Robotics in Healthcare include high costs, the need for specialized training, integration with existing systems, and regulatory hurdles.
The health of the population as a whole, often focused on prevention and health promotion.
ROI, or Return on Investment, is a financial metric used to evaluate the profitability of an investment in healthcare, calculated by comparing the gain or loss from the investment relative to its cost.
Applications and companies are crucial in the field of robotics as they drive innovation, develop new technologies, and implement robotic solutions in various healthcare settings.
Factors that increase the likelihood of developing a health issue or disease.
Students must prepare a presentation to showcase their proposed robotic solution at the last lecture.
Robotic systems are being integrated into the daily work routines of healthcare practitioners, making them a crucial part of modern medical training programs and enhancing the overall efficiency of healthcare delivery.
A vector is an element of a vector space, generally represented as a geometric object with both length and direction, often depicted as an arrow with an arbitrary starting point chosen for convenience.
Small-scale robotics involves the use of miniature robots for various applications, including medical procedures and diagnostics.
Lab/organ-on-a-chip devices are micro-engineered systems that replicate the functions of human organs on a small scale for research and drug testing.
Math and Physics are fundamental disciplines that provide the necessary principles and calculations for designing, analyzing, and implementing robotic systems in healthcare.
Small scale robotics refers to the use of miniature robotic systems designed for specific medical applications, such as targeted drug delivery or minimally invasive surgery.
Regulations and commercialization challenges in robotic healthcare involve ensuring safety, efficacy, and compliance with medical standards while bringing innovative technologies to market.
The literature review is significant as it helps students gather existing knowledge and research related to their chosen topic, forming a foundation for their project.
The steep learning curve refers to the additional training and time required for doctors to operate novel medical robotic systems, which adds to their already demanding learning and training process.
A matrix is a rectangular array or table of numbers, symbols, or expressions, arranged in rows and columns, used to represent a mathematical object or a property of such an object.
Targeted drug delivery is a method that directs therapeutic agents to specific sites in the body, enhancing treatment efficacy and minimizing side effects.
State-of-the-art robotic technologies refer to the most advanced and effective robotic systems currently available in healthcare, which may include surgical robots, rehabilitation robots, and telepresence robots.
Minimally Invasive Healthcare (MIH) refers to medical procedures that are performed through small incisions or natural body openings, resulting in less trauma to the body compared to traditional surgical methods.
The urinary system is a group of organs that produce, store, and eliminate urine, helping to regulate water and electrolyte balance in the body.
Computer Vision (CV) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare enhance diagnostic accuracy, automate processes, and improve patient outcomes through data analysis.
In the context of Robotics, 'state-of-the-art' refers to the most advanced and effective technologies and methods currently available in the field.
The primary health issues that result in mortality, which can vary between developed and developing countries.
Resistance to the adoption of robotics in healthcare may stem from concerns about cost, job displacement, and the reliability of technology.
Robotics improves healthcare solutions by increasing surgical precision, enhancing patient recovery times, and enabling remote surgeries.
Robotics improves healthcare solutions by increasing surgical precision, enhancing patient monitoring, and streamlining workflows.
The ultimate goal is to make modern healthcare capable, reliable, and accessible while maximizing protection for both doctors and patients.
The increasing recognition by individuals of their own health needs and taking proactive steps to manage their health.
The motivations for Robotics in Healthcare include improving surgical precision, enhancing patient outcomes, reducing recovery times, and addressing workforce shortages in the medical field.
Day-to-day healthcare given by a healthcare provider.
Healthcare provided by someone with more specific expertise in whatever health issue the patient is experiencing.
In the context of Robotics, 'state-of-the-art' refers to the most advanced and effective technologies and methods currently available in the field.
Rehabilitation assistance in robotics refers to robotic systems designed to aid patients in their recovery process, improving mobility and functionality.
Project experiences are important as they involve analyzing real-world challenges, brainstorming robotic solutions, and conducting feasibility analyses, which are essential for practical learning and application in robotics.
We can benefit from the development of robotics in healthcare through improved patient outcomes, reduced healthcare costs, and enhanced access to care.
Divergence refers to the differences in perspectives, goals, and methodologies among healthcare practitioners, scientists, and engineers, which can impact collaboration and innovation in healthcare.
Challenges in implementing Robotics in Healthcare include high costs, the need for specialized training, and integration with existing healthcare systems.
Swallowable capsules are miniature devices that can be ingested to perform diagnostic imaging or deliver medication within the gastrointestinal tract.
Robotics is the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots.
Robotics in Minimally Invasive Healthcare (MIH) refers to the application of robotic technologies to enhance surgical procedures that require minimal incisions, thereby reducing recovery time and improving patient outcomes.
Scientific novelty refers to the introduction of new ideas, methods, or findings that significantly advance knowledge in a particular field, often leading to innovative solutions in healthcare.
An analysis of factors such as healthcare infrastructure, policy decisions, and public health initiatives that contribute to a less critical healthcare situation in the United States compared to other regions.
AI in healthcare involves the use of algorithms and software to analyze medical data, assist in diagnostics, and improve patient care.
The early adoption of novel robotic systems is small-scale and limited to highly experimental scenarios.
Minimally Invasive Healthcare (MIH) refers to medical procedures that limit the size of incisions needed and so reduce wound healing time, associated pain, and risk of infection.
The motivations for Robotics in Healthcare include improving surgical precision, reducing recovery times, and enhancing patient outcomes.
Healthcare is the organized provision of medical services to maintain or improve health.
R&D stands for Research and Development, which involves systematic activities combining both basic and applied research to develop new products or processes in healthcare.
Robotics is a preferable solution due to its ability to perform complex tasks with high accuracy and reduce human error.
Challenges in Implementing Robotics in Healthcare include high costs, the need for specialized training, and integration with existing healthcare systems.
Prostheses are artificial devices that replace missing body parts, often enhanced by robotic technologies to improve functionality and comfort.
Robotics is preferable in healthcare due to its ability to perform complex tasks with high accuracy and reduce human error.
Future directions of Robotics in Healthcare include advancements in artificial intelligence, increased automation in surgical procedures, and the development of more sophisticated robotic systems for patient care.
The blood circulation system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, responsible for transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste products throughout the body.
A swallowable capsule is a small device that can be ingested to perform diagnostic imaging or drug delivery within the gastrointestinal tract.
Robotics is needed in healthcare to enhance precision, efficiency, and accessibility of medical procedures.
The Da Vinci surgical system is a robotic surgical platform that allows surgeons to perform minimally invasive procedures with enhanced precision and control.
Challenges in Implementing Robotics in Healthcare include high costs, the need for specialized training, integration with existing systems, and addressing patient safety concerns.
Mass production (scalability) refers to the ability to produce healthcare technologies or products in large quantities efficiently, ensuring they can meet widespread demand without compromising quality.
The average period that a person may expect to live, often influenced by various health factors.
We can benefit from the development of robotics in healthcare through improved patient outcomes, reduced recovery times, and enhanced operational efficiency.
Doctors prefer technologies that have been thoroughly tested and verified over novel ones due to concerns about reliability and effectiveness.
Robotics is needed in healthcare to enhance precision, efficiency, and outcomes in medical procedures.
The term refers to the demographic changes that lead to a heavier burden on society, particularly affecting the younger population and the care for the elderly.
AI-assisted healthcare utilizes artificial intelligence technologies to enhance patient care, improve diagnostics, and streamline healthcare processes.
Robotics is the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots.
Resistance to the adoption of robotics in healthcare often stems from concerns about cost, job displacement, and the reliability of technology.
The average number of children born to a woman over her lifetime, which can impact population growth.
A measure of healthcare resources available in a population, indicating the number of healthcare providers and facilities relative to the population size.
Robotics is applied in healthcare through surgical robots, rehabilitation devices, and automated systems for patient care.
Early robotic healthcare systems come with a prohibitively high price-tag and are only available to very selected groups of people.
Wide adoption of robotic systems in healthcare is expected in a timeframe of 10 to 50 years.
Stagnating economical growth implies that the economy is not expanding, which can lead to disproportional infrastructure and challenges in providing adequate healthcare services.
Robotics in MIH is intended to assist doctors and nurses in specific healthcare tasks, rather than completely replacing humans or overhauling the existing healthcare system.
Disproportional infrastructure refers to the imbalance between the healthcare needs of an aging population and the available resources, which can hinder effective care delivery.
