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What is the 3-D shape of a polypeptide chain due to it folding back on itself?
Tertiary structure.
What is an important function of steroids?
They act as sex hormones like progesterone.
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p.1
Protein Structure: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary

What is the 3-D shape of a polypeptide chain due to it folding back on itself?

Tertiary structure.

p.4
Lipids: Types and Functions

What is an important function of steroids?

They act as sex hormones like progesterone.

p.3
Amino Acids and Peptide Bonds

How many kinds of amino acids are there?

21 kinds.

p.3
Lipids: Types and Functions

What are lipids?

Organic compounds that are insoluble in water and serve as long-term energy storage molecules.

p.2
Protein Structure: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary

What characterizes the secondary structure of a protein?

Alpha helix and beta pleated sheets.

p.2
Enzymes and Biological Catalysts

Which class of organic compounds forms enzymes?

Proteins.

p.2
Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA

What type of molecule is a nucleotide?

Nucleotide.

p.1
Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA

What is the term for molecules that store genetic information?

Nucleic acids.

p.4
Amino Acids and Peptide Bonds

What are assembled at the ribosomes?

Amino acids.

p.3
Protein Structure: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary

What causes a protein to become denatured?

Heat, pH changes, and heavy metal ions.

p.3
Lipids: Types and Functions

What health risks are associated with excessive intake of saturated fatty acids?

Heart attacks and strokes.

p.2
Biological Molecules Overview

What are the four most common atoms in organic molecules?

Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen.

p.1
Amino Acids and Peptide Bonds

What is the bond that forms between two amino acids joined by dehydration synthesis?

Peptide bond.

p.4
Lipids: Types and Functions

What are steroids derived from?

Cholesterol.

p.4
Lipids: Types and Functions

Why are steroids grouped with lipids?

Both are hydrophobic and insoluble in water.

p.3
Carbohydrates: Structure and Function

What is cellulose?

A polymer of glucose found in the cell wall of plants, contributing to dietary fiber.

p.2
Water Properties: Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic

At pH 7, what is the relationship between [H+] and [OH-]?

[H+] = [OH-].

p.1
Water Properties: Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic

What is the term for water - 'fearing'?

Hydrophobic.

p.4
Lipids: Types and Functions

What is the nature of the tail in a phospholipid?

Hydrophobic.

p.4
Amino Acids and Peptide Bonds

What is the best one-word description for a polypeptide?

Polypeptide.

p.3
Carbohydrates: Structure and Function

What is starch?

A polysaccharide storage form of glucose in plants with few side branches.

p.2
Chemical Reactions: Oxidation and Reduction

Which atom is oxidized in the reaction involving K and Cl?

K (potassium).

p.2
Carbohydrates: Structure and Function

Which class of organic compounds is most concerned with energy transformations?

Carbohydrates.

p.2
Lipids: Types and Functions

Which class of organic compounds stores the most energy per gram?

Lipids.

p.1
Lipids: Types and Functions

What is the process of breaking down large fat droplets into smaller fat droplets called?

Emulsification.

p.1
Isotopes and Atomic Structure

How many protons does carbon have?

6.

p.4
Amino Acids and Peptide Bonds

What type of bond is formed when a polypeptide is created?

Peptide bond.

p.3
Carbohydrates: Structure and Function

What is glycogen?

The storage form of glucose in animals, with many side branches.

p.2
Chemical Reactions: Oxidation and Reduction

Which atom is reduced in the reaction involving K and Cl?

Cl (chlorine).

p.2
Lipids: Types and Functions

What is the difference between unsaturated and saturated fatty acids?

Unsaturated fatty acids contain less hydrogen than saturated ones.

p.2
Lipids: Types and Functions

What type of molecule is an unsaturated fatty acid?

Unsaturated fatty acid.

p.1
Water Properties: Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic

What is the term for water - 'loving'?

Hydrophilic.

p.1
Isotopes and Atomic Structure

What is the atomic number for carbon?

6.

p.3
Carbohydrates: Structure and Function

What are the two main functions of carbohydrates in living systems?

Short-term energy sources and structural components of cell walls in plants.

p.2
Chemical Reactions: Oxidation and Reduction

What type of compound is formed by K+ and Cl-?

Ionic compound.

p.2
Carbohydrates: Structure and Function

What class of molecules do polysaccharides belong to?

Polysaccharides.

p.5
Biological Molecules Overview

What is the focus of Unit 1 in the assignment?

Biological Molecules.

p.1
Carbohydrates: Structure and Function

What is the term for a polymer of glucose used as a storage form for glucose in plants?

Starch.

p.4
Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA

What type of molecule stores genetic information?

DNA.

p.3
Amino Acids and Peptide Bonds

What are essential amino acids?

Amino acids that the human body can't manufacture and must be obtained from food.

p.3
Lipids: Types and Functions

What are the three most important classes of lipids?

Neutral fats, steroids, and phospholipids.

p.2
Protein Structure: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary

What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

Its three-dimensional globular shape.

p.2
Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA

What are DNA and RNA composed of?

Polymers of nucleotides.

p.2
Lipids: Types and Functions

What are phospholipids important for?

Formation of cell membranes.

p.4
Lipids: Types and Functions

What is soap formed from?

An alkali salt formed when a weak fatty acid is reacted with an inorganic base such as sodium hydroxide.

p.3
Amino Acids and Peptide Bonds

What process joins amino acids to form a polypeptide chain?

Dehydration synthesis.

p.3
Lipids: Types and Functions

What are neutral fats composed of?

Glycerol and fatty acids.

p.2
Protein Structure: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary

What is the quaternary structure of a protein?

The association of more than one polypeptide chain.

p.2
Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA

What are the components of a nucleotide?

A nitrogenous base, a 5-carbon pentose sugar, and a phosphate group.

p.2
Lipids: Types and Functions

What is emulsification?

The act of dispersing one liquid in another, such as fat in water.

p.1
Protein Structure: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary

What is the linear sequence of amino acids in a protein called?

Primary structure.

p.1
Isotopes and Atomic Structure

How many electrons does carbon have?

6.

p.3
Protein Structure: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary

What are five functions of proteins?

1. Catalyze biochemical reactions (Enzymes) 2. Regulate blood sugar (Insulin) 3. Transport oxygen in the blood (Hemoglobin) 4. Structural support in hair and nails (Keratin) 5. Recognize and fight infections (Immunoglobins).

p.3
Carbohydrates: Structure and Function

What distinguishes pentose sugars from hexose sugars?

Pentose sugars contain 5 carbons, while hexose sugars contain 6 carbons.

p.2
Protein Structure: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary

What is the primary structure of a protein composed of?

A polymer of amino acids (polypeptide chain).

p.4
Lipids: Types and Functions

What is the primary component of membranes?

Phospholipid.

p.4
Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA

What carries a copy of genetic information to the ribosomes?

M-RNA.

p.3
Protein Structure: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary

What is the primary structure of a protein?

The sequence of amino acids.

p.3
Lipids: Types and Functions

What characterizes saturated fatty acids?

They have no double bonds between carbon atoms and tend to be solid at room temperature.

p.2
Biological Molecules Overview

What are the four classes of organic compounds?

Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids.

p.2
Biological Molecules Overview

Which element is most characteristic of proteins?

Nitrogen.

p.4
Lipids: Types and Functions

What is the nature of the phosphate 'head' in a phospholipid?

Hydrophilic.

p.4
Lipids: Types and Functions

What type of molecule is a phospholipid?

Lipid.

p.2
Isotopes and Atomic Structure

What are the two isotopes of carbon mentioned?

13C and 14C.

p.2
Biological Molecules Overview

What molecule do cells burn during respiration to produce ATP?

Terminal phosphate group/high energy bond.

p.2
Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA

Which class of organic compounds makes up genes?

Nucleic Acids.

p.2
Biological Molecules Overview

What do inorganic compounds not contain?

Carbon atoms.

Study Smarter, Not Harder
Study Smarter, Not Harder