p.15
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is one reason for pruning?
To provide structure clearance.
p.59
Pruning Transplanted and Mature Trees
Why do trees require maximum leaves after transplantation?
To produce food to enhance recovery and establishment.
p.87
Palm Pruning and Inspection
What should be removed when pruning palms?
Fronds, fruit, seedpods, and fruit stalks.
p.11
Pruning Techniques and Goals
Why is it important to have a specific purpose when pruning?
To ensure that the pruning is effective and achieves desired outcomes.
p.9
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is a consequence of pruning without knowledge?
It is considered malpractice.
p.22
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What season should you consider for pruning to minimize exposure of wounds?
The season of rapid growth.
p.18
Pruning Techniques and Goals
What is one reason for pruning?
To provide environmental beauty.
p.3
Pruning Basics and Importance
What is the primary purpose of pruning?
To benefit people and property.
p.44
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What characteristics should the dominant leader have?
It should be the strongest and most central.
p.28
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What are nodes in the context of pruning?
Sites where branches join other branches and the main stem.
p.22
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
When is the best time to prune to avoid diseases?
During the season when diseases and insects are not active.
p.59
Pruning Transplanted and Mature Trees
Is crown reduction required or recommended for transplanted trees?
It is not required or recommended.
p.16
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What types of wood should be removed during pruning?
Damaged, diseased, or defective wood.
p.53
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What obstacles should be considered when pruning young trees?
Obstacles that may affect branch growth and structure.
p.77
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
Can crown reduction be applied to only part of a tree?
Yes, it may be restricted to only part of the tree causing conflict.
p.25
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
How do proper pruning cuts benefit a tree?
They maintain tree health and structural integrity.
p.88
Pruning Tools and Safety Practices
Why should spikes be avoided when pruning palms?
They cause aesthetic and physical damage to palm trunks.
p.35
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What should be applied in extreme instances of broken branches?
Crown restoration practices.
What does CODIT depend on?
Species, age, and health of the tree.
p.26
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
Why is it important to ensure proper C.O.D.I.T during pruning?
To prevent decay and maintain tree health.
p.70
Pruning Transplanted and Mature Trees
What is the primary focus of pruning mature trees?
Crown cleaning and structure clearance.
p.5
Pruning Basics and Importance
What is pruning considered to be?
A combination of science and art.
p.58
Pruning Transplanted and Mature Trees
What is the main guideline for pruning transplanted trees?
Conduct only minimum pruning.
p.82
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is the purpose of crown restoration?
To repair storm, accident, or poor pruning damage.
p.35
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is the first step in the removal of broken branches?
Apply proper pruning cuts appropriate for the condition.
p.67
Pruning Transplanted and Mature Trees
What should be considered when pruning mature trees?
Species and growth habit.
p.72
Pruning Techniques and Goals
What is the importance of selecting the right type of pruning?
It ensures that the pruning aligns with the goals and requirements of the tree and people.
p.62
Pruning Transplanted and Mature Trees
What should be considered when pruning mature trees?
The site and use of the tree.
p.39
Pruning Tools and Safety Practices
What size limbs is a hand saw typically used to prune?
Limbs from 1 inch to 4 inches (25 mm to 100 mm).
p.20
Pruning Techniques and Goals
What is the effect of timing on flower and fruit production?
Timing can either decrease or increase flower and fruit production.
p.10
Pruning Basics and Importance
What is the purpose of pruning?
To maintain the health and appearance of plants.
p.69
Pruning Transplanted and Mature Trees
What should be considered when pruning mature trees?
The presence of insects and disease.
p.85
Palm Pruning and Inspection
What areas should be considered for clearance when pruning palms?
Roads, sidewalks, and structures.
p.37
Pruning Tools and Safety Practices
What type of tools should be used for pruning?
The proper type for the specific cutting work.
p.29
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What factors can affect the size of the lateral limb to cut to?
Species, tree age, and vitality.
p.67
Pruning Transplanted and Mature Trees
What is a key consideration to avoid when pruning mature trees?
Significant modification of natural growth habit.
p.26
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What are the '4 walls' in the context of C.O.D.I.T?
They refer to the barriers that trees create to compartmentalize decay.
p.4
Pruning Basics and Importance
What is a primary reason for conducting pruning?
To fit human needs rather than tree needs.
p.59
Pruning Transplanted and Mature Trees
What is the purpose of crown reduction in transplanted trees?
To balance root loss and reduce transpiration.
p.48
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What is a consequence of failing to establish the proper Lowest Permanent Branch in young trees?
Later removal of a large limb resulting in a significant wound.
p.10
Pruning Basics and Importance
What does ANSI A300 define?
Proper pruning practices.
p.85
Palm Pruning and Inspection
Why is flower and fruit removal important in palm pruning?
To maintain the health and aesthetics of the palm.
p.82
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What does crown restoration aim to restore?
Strong structure and natural architecture.
p.76
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is the purpose of crown reduction?
To reduce the size of the tree.
p.20
Pruning Techniques and Goals
How can timing decrease flower and fruit production?
By pruning at the wrong time.
p.10
Pruning Basics and Importance
What is the significance of following ANSI A300 standards?
To ensure proper and safe pruning practices.
p.81
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is crown reduction in tree pruning?
A technique that reduces the size of the tree's crown.
p.32
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is the reference line for determining the pruning angle?
The line along the trunk at the branch.
p.54
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What problem can arise from improper scaffold branch placement?
Interference with structures or people, requiring excessive pruning.
p.75
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is one benefit of thinning a tree?
Increases light and air penetration.
p.51
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What is the goal of scaffold branch orientation in structural pruning?
To arrange branches orderly around the crown.
p.88
Palm Pruning and Inspection
What should be done before climbing a palm tree?
Inspect and report signs and symptoms of damage and stress factors.
p.45
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What is a common issue in the structural pruning of young trees?
Failure to establish a dominant leader.
p.29
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is a key guideline for making proper pruning cuts?
Cut to a lateral limb that is at least 1/3 the size of the main stem.
p.45
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What can result from the weakness or death of competing leaders in young trees?
It can lead to structural instability.
p.67
Pruning Transplanted and Mature Trees
Why is knowledge of species important in pruning?
Some species are more tolerant of pruning than others.
p.12
Pruning Techniques and Goals
Why is it important to prune trees?
To manage tree growth and health effectively.
p.80
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
Why is clearance around utility lines important?
To provide service reliability, worker safety, and access for inspection, maintenance, and repair.
p.33
Common Pruning Mistakes and Their Consequences
What does improper pruning do to tree wounds?
It opens wounds that will not CODIT.
p.27
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is a natural branch protection zone?
The area where cuts or wounds should be placed to help the tree protect itself.
p.12
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is a reduction cut?
A type of cut that reduces the size of a branch while maintaining the tree's structure.
p.2
Pruning Basics and Importance
What types of abnormalities might be retained in cultivated trees?
Genetic and chance abnormalities.
p.31
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What should you avoid damaging when making a cut?
The Branch Bark Ridge (BBR).
p.26
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What does C.O.D.I.T stand for in tree pruning?
Compartmentalization Of Decay In Trees.
p.14
Pruning Techniques and Goals
What is one primary reason for pruning?
To provide safety for people or property.
p.18
Pruning Techniques and Goals
How does pruning relate to people's perceptions?
It is based on people's view of beauty.
p.25
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is the primary reason for making proper pruning cuts?
To properly remove limbs without damaging the tree.
p.63
Pruning Techniques and Goals
When should you prune mature trees?
During a time of year that produces the desired response.
p.88
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is a key practice to avoid when pruning palms?
Do not embed the cutting tool into the trunk or fronds that will remain on the palm.
p.7
Pruning Basics and Importance
What is the first step in the pruning process?
Determine pruning goals and type.
p.82
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is required for effective crown restoration?
Great knowledge and skill of the worker.
p.46
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What should be noted about short trees regarding the lowest permanent branch?
Short trees may not have a lowest permanent branch yet.
p.43
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What types of branches should be removed during crown cleaning?
Dead, diseased, broken, damaged, and crossing branches.
p.78
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What risk does crown reduction help to mitigate?
The risk of tree or tree part failure.
p.79
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is crown reduction in tree pruning?
A technique used to reduce the size of a tree's crown.
p.42
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What is the second step in the structural pruning process?
Remove any dead, damaged, or diseased branches.
p.4
Pruning Basics and Importance
What is a common basis for pruning decisions?
People's image of correct appearance.
p.17
Pruning Techniques and Goals
What is one reason for pruning?
To clear view obstructions.
p.16
Pruning Techniques and Goals
What is one benefit of proper pruning?
It can promote or maintain tree health and condition.
p.5
Pruning Basics and Importance
What does pruning combine?
Fact and knowledge with skill and craft.
p.44
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What is the first step in structural pruning of young trees?
Select and establish a dominant leader.
p.3
Pruning Basics and Importance
How does pruning increase safety?
By reducing hazards for people and property.
p.62
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is a key guideline for pruning mature trees?
Do not prune in a manner or timing that will interfere with tree health or function.
p.58
Pruning Transplanted and Mature Trees
When is minor crown reduction necessary for transplanted trees?
For structural clearance if required.
p.1
Pruning Standards and Practices
What is the role of Kevin K. Eckert?
He is an ISA Board Certified Master Arborist.
p.80
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is the purpose of crown reduction in tree pruning?
To reduce the size of the tree crown while maintaining its health and structure.
p.40
Pruning Tools and Safety Practices
What personal safety measures should be taken when using a chainsaw?
Use all proper Personal Protective Equipment.
p.54
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What can weak connections in scaffold branches lead to?
They may fail in the future.
p.40
Pruning Tools and Safety Practices
What safety practices should be followed when using a chainsaw?
Follow all manufacturer’s and industry safety practices.
p.81
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is the purpose of crown raising?
To remove lower limbs to open view and avoid obstruction for people or vehicles.
p.41
Pruning Tools and Safety Practices
What is the primary use of a pole saw/pole pruner?
Reaching and cutting limbs beyond safe reach.
p.12
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What should you consider before removing a branch?
The reason and understanding of tree growth response.
p.41
Pruning Tools and Safety Practices
What is the limb size limit for using a pole pruner?
Limbs less than 2 inches (50 mm).
p.43
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What is the purpose of removing crossing branches?
To prevent damage and allow for better air circulation and light penetration.
p.84
Common Pruning Mistakes and Their Consequences
What can sunscald from exposure lead to?
Increased risk to insects and disease.
p.21
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is a key consideration when timing pruning activities?
Minimize sap flow or bleeding.
p.53
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What are the key considerations for scaffold branch form in structural pruning of young trees?
Taper, defects, and bend.
p.60
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
When should structural pruning be conducted on young transplanted trees?
After the tree is established.
p.52
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What is the ideal diameter ratio for scaffold branch attachment to the trunk?
Less than 2/3 of the trunk diameter.
p.11
Pruning Techniques and Goals
What should you consider before conducting pruning?
What you want to accomplish with the pruning.
p.9
Tree Biology and Physiology
Why is understanding tree physiology important in pruning?
It helps in making informed decisions to avoid damaging the tree.
p.57
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What is the typical requirement for the pruning process of young trees?
It usually requires more than one pruning.
p.46
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
How do you identify the lowest permanent branch?
By determining its height.
p.78
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
How does crown reduction help trees with root loss?
It compensates for root loss or restrictions.
p.29
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What should the diameter of the lateral limb be in relation to the main stem?
The lateral limb should be greater than 1/3 the diameter of the main stem.
p.67
Pruning Transplanted and Mature Trees
What is required to effectively prune different species of trees?
Knowledge and experience with the species.
p.32
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is the importance of the angle of the final pruning cut?
It affects the healing and growth of the tree.
p.79
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What does crown reduction aim to achieve?
To maintain the health and aesthetics of the tree while reducing its height or spread.
p.79
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
Why is it important to remove visual obstructions in vista clearance?
To enhance visibility and improve the overall landscape view.
p.72
Pruning Techniques and Goals
What should pruning be based on?
Specific, defined types based on pruning goals and tree/people requirements.
p.48
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What type of damage can young trees suffer from if not properly pruned?
Damage from contact with vehicles or vandalism.
p.77
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is the purpose of crown reduction in trees?
To prevent conflicts or damage to structures or other infrastructure.
p.85
Palm Pruning and Inspection
What is a key consideration when pruning palms?
Safety and clearance for structure or visibility.
p.40
Pruning Tools and Safety Practices
What is the recommended limb size for using a chainsaw?
Limbs greater than 4 inches (100 mm).
p.80
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is utility line clearance?
The practice of maintaining clearance around utility lines for service reliability and safety.
p.42
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What is the first step in the structural pruning of young trees?
Assess the tree's structure and identify any competing leaders.
p.68
Pruning Transplanted and Mature Trees
What happens to a tree's energy for defense when it has poor vitality?
Energy for defense is low.
p.81
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
Why is crown raising important?
It enhances visibility and safety by clearing lower branches.
p.41
Pruning Tools and Safety Practices
What is the limb size guideline for using a pole saw?
Limbs greater than 2 inches (50 mm).
p.8
Common Pruning Mistakes and Their Consequences
What is a consequence of improper pruning?
Damage and decay within the tree.
p.92
Tree Biology and Physiology
What is the primary function of Tree Growth Regulators?
To enhance or alter growth.
p.92
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
How do Tree Growth Regulators affect the pruning cycle?
They lengthen the pruning cycle.
p.83
Common Pruning Mistakes and Their Consequences
What happens when a branch is removed to a lateral too small to support growth?
It can hinder CODIT and overall tree growth.
p.61
Pruning Transplanted and Mature Trees
What should be considered when pruning mature trees?
The many factors related to the function and response of the tree.
p.13
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is one primary reason for pruning trees?
To improve or correct tree structure.
p.49
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What is the first step in structural pruning of young trees?
Select and establish proper scaffold branches.
p.87
Palm Pruning and Inspection
What is a key consideration when removing fronds from palms?
Do not damage the petiole base.
What should be avoided when pruning mature trees?
Removing large limbs greater than 2 inches (50mm).
p.86
Palm Pruning and Inspection
What is the guideline for removing lower fronds of palms?
Remove lower fronds where any part of the frond hangs below a horizontal plane.
p.46
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What is the first step in structural pruning of young trees?
Select and establish the lowest permanent branch.
p.54
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What is a key issue in structural pruning of young trees?
Failure to establish proper scaffold branches.
p.20
Pruning Techniques and Goals
How can timing increase flower and fruit production?
By pruning at the optimal time.
p.33
Common Pruning Mistakes and Their Consequences
What is one consequence of improper pruning cuts on trees?
They cause rips in the bark.
p.57
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What are the two conditions that indicate when pruning of young trees should continue?
Until strong tree architecture is established or mature tree form is achieved.
p.81
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What does crown reduction aim to achieve?
To manage the size and shape of the tree's crown.
p.75
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
How does thinning affect wind force on tree limbs?
It reduces wind force and weight on limbs.
p.74
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
Why is crown cleaning considered important?
It helps maintain tree health and safety by removing hazardous branches.
p.47
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What is the primary focus of structural pruning for young trees?
To select proper branches based on form, attachment, and location.
p.84
Common Pruning Mistakes and Their Consequences
How does poor limb taper affect trees?
It increases the risk of breakage.
p.30
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What does the second cut remove?
The major part of the limb, leaving only a small stub.
p.30
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is the final step in the 3 cut method?
Make a final cut using the Bark Branch Ridge to remove the stub.
p.73
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is crown restoration?
The process of restoring the structure and health of a tree's crown after severe pruning or damage.
p.63
Pruning Techniques and Goals
What is an important consideration when pruning mature trees?
Minimizing adverse impacts on the tree and people.
p.86
Palm Pruning and Inspection
At what angle should the frond shaft be for proper pruning?
The frond shaft should be at least 45 degrees of vertical.
p.78
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is the purpose of crown reduction in trees?
To reduce crown weight and wind resistance.
p.7
Pruning Basics and Importance
What should be assessed after determining pruning goals?
Assess pruning targets and tree response.
p.57
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
How long should you wait before the next pruning of young trees?
At least one growing season.
p.37
Pruning Tools and Safety Practices
Why is it important for pruning tools to be sharp?
To ensure clean cuts and reduce damage to the plant.
p.1
Pruning Standards and Practices
What certification does Kevin K. Eckert hold?
ISA Board Certified Master Arborist WE-1785 BU.
p.91
Common Pruning Mistakes and Their Consequences
Are wound dressings beneficial for trees?
No, they are not beneficial and can be harmful.
p.56
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What should be avoided during the structural pruning of young trees?
Removing excessive foliage.
p.34
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is a goal of removing dead branches?
Ensure rapid wound closure.
p.32
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
How does the trunk shape (curved vs. straight) influence pruning cuts?
It can affect the angle and position of the final cut.
p.74
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What types of branches are typically removed during crown cleaning?
Dead, broken, diseased, damaged, crossing branches, and epiphytes/plants like vines.
p.91
Tree Biology and Physiology
What condition must a tree be in to effectively compartmentalize wounds?
The tree must be healthy.
p.8
Common Pruning Mistakes and Their Consequences
How can improper pruning affect the appearance of a tree?
It can lead to an unsightly appearance.
p.8
Common Pruning Mistakes and Their Consequences
What is a potential financial consequence of improper pruning?
Increase in maintenance costs.
p.73
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is crown reduction?
The process of reducing the size of the tree's crown while maintaining its natural shape.
p.90
Palm Pruning and Inspection
What are signs of unhealthy fronds or crown shaft in palms?
Leaning, discolored, stunted, or deformed fronds or crown shaft.
p.83
Common Pruning Mistakes and Their Consequences
What financial impact can poor pruning have?
Increased costs for tree maintenance.
p.64
Pruning Transplanted and Mature Trees
Why are mature trees less tolerant of pruning?
They have a low leaf (food-making) ratio compared to biomass.
p.45
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What is included bark and why is it a concern in young trees?
Included bark can result in major limb failure.
p.75
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is thinning in tree pruning?
Selective, balanced removal of branches to open the crown.
p.76
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
To what should you prune back during crown reduction?
To a proper lateral limb that is 1/3 the size of the stem.
p.64
Pruning Transplanted and Mature Trees
How does the vascular system of mature trees compare to younger trees?
Mature trees have a less efficient vascular system.
p.57
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What is the goal of structural pruning in young trees?
To establish strong tree architecture and achieve mature tree form.
p.33
Common Pruning Mistakes and Their Consequences
How does improper pruning affect the appearance of trees?
It results in poor aesthetics.
p.27
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
Why is it important to place cuts in the right location on a tree?
To facilitate the tree's ability to heal and protect itself naturally.
p.75
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What shape does thinning help retain in a tree?
The natural shape of the tree.
p.55
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
Why is it important to address low limbs during structural pruning?
To ensure proper tree structure and growth.
p.89
Palm Pruning and Inspection
What does significant hour-glassing in a palm trunk refer to?
Narrowing and enlargement of the trunk in an hourglass form that exceeds 30% reduction of the diameter at the site.
p.2
Pruning History and Environmental Considerations
What is the significance of understanding pruning history?
It helps differentiate between natural and manmade environments.
p.92
Tree Biology and Physiology
What is a benefit of using Tree Growth Regulators in terms of foliage?
They promote thicker, denser foliage.
Why should large wounds be avoided in pruning?
Because they do not CODIT efficiently and often decay.
p.34
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is the first step in the removal of dead branches?
Remove dead branches just outside the woundwood.
p.69
Pruning Transplanted and Mature Trees
What is important to minimize during the pruning of mature trees?
Removal of healthy wood and leaves.
p.27
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is the purpose of making proper pruning cuts?
To enable the tree to conduct its natural protection process.
p.74
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is crown cleaning in tree maintenance?
The process of removing dead, broken, or diseased branches from a tree.
p.79
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is the purpose of vista clearance in tree pruning?
To remove limbs that are visual obstructions.
p.42
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What should be done in the third step of structural pruning?
Select a dominant leader and remove competing leaders.
p.12
Tree Biology and Physiology
What should be observed one year after pruning?
The tree's response to the reduction cut.
p.42
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What is the fourth step in the structural pruning of young trees?
Thin out crowded branches to improve air circulation and light penetration.
p.56
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
Which trees can tolerate heavier pruning?
Certain species with smaller crown ratios.
p.91
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What should be used to cover large cuts on trees?
A light coating of non-phytotoxic paint or other coloring.
p.30
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is the purpose of the undercut in the pruning process?
To cut bark and wood fibers to prevent ripping.
p.6
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What must a pruner understand about trees?
How trees respond to cuts.
p.34
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What should be avoided when removing a dead limb?
Damaging the new woundwood.
p.55
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What is the purpose of removing or subordinating temporary or undesirable branches in young trees?
To promote healthy growth and structure.
p.2
Pruning Basics and Importance
How do cultivated trees differ from their natural counterparts?
They live under environmental conditions different from where they are naturally adapted.
p.55
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What types of branches should be removed or subordinated during structural pruning?
Co-dominant leaders, low limbs, and scaffold branches.
p.34
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
Why is it important to remove dead branches?
To minimize the risk of insect or disease.
p.2
Pruning Basics and Importance
Why is pruning often required for cultivated trees?
To address unnatural challenges they face.
p.74
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What are epiphytes in the context of crown cleaning?
Plants that grow on other plants, which may need to be removed during crown cleaning.
p.56
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What is required for effective structural pruning of young trees?
Knowledge from education and experience.
p.83
Common Pruning Mistakes and Their Consequences
What is topping in pruning?
An incorrect technique involving cutting branches improperly.
p.47
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What is the guideline for branch selection in relation to the tree's overall structure?
Select branches that make up less than 2/3 of the tree's structure.
p.43
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
Why is it important to remove dead and diseased branches?
To promote the health and growth of the tree.
p.91
Tree Biology and Physiology
What is the most effective wound protection process for trees?
The tree's natural defenses.
p.91
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What should be honored when applying pruning practices?
The tree's natural defense systems.
p.90
Palm Pruning and Inspection
What is a trunk flare restriction in palm inspection?
A trunk flare restriction is when there is less than 1 foot (300 mm) radius of open space.
p.74
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is the significance of removing crossing branches?
To prevent damage and improve air circulation within the tree.
p.84
Common Pruning Mistakes and Their Consequences
What are the effects of multiple wounds and stress on trees?
They can lead to increased decay and decline.
p.38
Pruning Tools and Safety Practices
What is the maximum limb diameter for using a bypass pruner?
Less than 1 inch (25 mm).
p.68
Pruning Transplanted and Mature Trees
What is reduced in trees with poor vitality?
CODIT (Compartmentalization of Decay in Trees) is reduced.
p.89
Palm Pruning and Inspection
What is 'penciling' in palm inspection?
Abrupt tapering of the upper trunk immediately below the crown.
p.42
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What is the final step in the structural pruning process?
Make clean cuts to promote healing and reduce the risk of disease.
p.73
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What does thinning involve in pruning?
The selective removal of branches to improve light penetration and air circulation.
p.8
Common Pruning Mistakes and Their Consequences
What can happen to a tree as a result of improper pruning?
Eventual branch or whole tree failure.
p.73
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is the purpose of vista pruning?
To enhance views by selectively removing branches that obstruct sightlines.
p.92
Tree Biology and Physiology
How do Tree Growth Regulators affect drought tolerance?
They increase drought tolerance.
p.90
Palm Pruning and Inspection
What is a concern regarding palm growth in relation to utility lines?
Growing under or into utility lines.
p.31
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
Where should you start your cut in relation to the Branch Bark Ridge?
Just outside the top of the BBR.
p.84
Common Pruning Mistakes and Their Consequences
What is lion-tailing in pruning?
Removal of too much foliage and branches in the lower part of the crown.
p.55
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What is a co-dominant leader in the context of tree pruning?
A branch that competes with the main leader for dominance.
p.31
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
At what angle should you cut in relation to the Branch Bark Ridge?
At an equal and opposite angle of the BBR.
p.6
Pruning Basics and Importance
What is essential for proper pruning?
A thorough understanding of how trees grow and function.
p.6
Tree Biology and Physiology
What knowledge is crucial for understanding tree health during pruning?
Tree biology and physiology.
p.83
Common Pruning Mistakes and Their Consequences
What is a consequence of cutting between nodes?
It can lead to starvation due to loss of food source.
p.73
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is utility pruning?
The practice of trimming trees to prevent interference with utility lines.
p.73
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What does crown raising involve?
Removing lower branches to raise the crown of the tree.
p.92
Tree Biology and Physiology
How do Tree Growth Regulators affect the root system?
They lead to a better root system.
p.89
Palm Pruning and Inspection
What indicates a significant issue in palm inspection related to trunk damage?
Large wounds, cracks, and cavities affecting over 25% of the trunk circumference.
p.84
Common Pruning Mistakes and Their Consequences
What is a consequence of lion-tailing?
Starvation due to loss of food source in the lower crown.
p.73
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is crown cleaning in pruning?
The removal of dead, damaged, or diseased branches from the tree's crown.
p.47
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What aspects of branch form should be considered during structural pruning?
Taper, defects, and bend.
p.47
Structural Pruning of Young Trees
What factors should be evaluated regarding branch attachment?
Size and angle of the branch.
p.8
Common Pruning Mistakes and Their Consequences
What is a severe outcome of improper pruning?
Tree death or premature felling.
p.83
Common Pruning Mistakes and Their Consequences
What is a visual consequence of poor pruning?
The tree may appear ugly.
p.66
Common Pruning Mistakes and Their Consequences
What is a consequence of removing healthy wood and foliage during pruning?
It further reduces resources and increases exposure.
p.30
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is the first step in the 3 cut method for large limbs?
Undercut slightly out from the limb, cutting approximately 1/3 of the diameter.
p.89
Palm Pruning and Inspection
What level of root damage is concerning during palm inspection?
More than 25% of the roots within two feet of the trunk.
p.30
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What is the second step in the 3 cut method?
Cut the top of the limb above the undercut until the limb falls free.
p.8
Common Pruning Mistakes and Their Consequences
What is a loss that can occur due to improper pruning?
Loss of functional tree value.
p.83
Common Pruning Mistakes and Their Consequences
What is one risk associated with poor pruning techniques?
Increased risk to insects and disease.
p.90
Palm Pruning and Inspection
What is the height threshold for palms that requires inspection?
Over 70 feet (23 meters).
p.92
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What effect do Tree Growth Regulators have on pruning wounds?
They reduce pruning wounds.
p.6
Tree Biology and Physiology
What does CODIT stand for in pruning?
Compartmentalization of Decay in Trees.
p.6
Proper Pruning Techniques and Cuts
What knowledge is necessary for making proper cuts?
Knowledge of how and where to make proper cuts.
p.83
Common Pruning Mistakes and Their Consequences
What can large wounds from poor pruning lead to?
Stress and decay in the tree.
p.83
Common Pruning Mistakes and Their Consequences
What is a severe outcome of poor pruning techniques?
Premature tree death or removal.
