The bulbus cordis and ventricle grow faster than other regions of the heart.
65%
The valve of the foramen ovale (FO), formed by the septum primum (SP), prevents backflow.
The muscular bundles form the trabeculae carneae, tendinous cords, and papillary muscles.
Mesenchymal cells differentiate into angioblasts.
The streaming of blood from the ventricles.
Incomplete adhesion of the valve of the foramen ovale to the septum secundum after birth.
It becomes the ligamentum teres, a round ligament of the liver.
Perforations form in the septum primum, which enlarge to form the foramen secundum.
The interventricular foramen (IF) forms between the muscular interventricular septum (MIS) and the endocardial cushions (EC), allowing blood flow between the left and right ventricles. It closes by the end of the 7th week of development.
An increase in oxygen and nutritional requirements of the embryo.
Vasculogenesis.
The septum primum (SP) and septum secundum (SS).
A congenital heart disease characterized by a hole in the wall between the two atria.
The formation of a spiral aorticopulmonary septum (AS).
Ligamentum arteriosum.
Failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to pursue a spiral course.
A membrane that grows from the roof of the primordial atrium towards the endocardial cushion.
The increase in pressure in the left atrium (LA) as the lungs begin to function.
An opening formed when the septum secundum overlaps or covers part of the foramen secundum.
Due to the lower oxygen content of blood passing through it and the actions of prostaglandins.
They fuse to become blood vessels.
Bulbus cordis, which includes the truncus arteriosus, conus arteriosus, and conus cordis.
A congenital heart disease where the heart is situated on the right side of the body.
A congenital heart disease characterized by a hole in the wall between the two ventricles.
It enables the pulmonary trunk to twist around the aorta.
Difficulty in breathing and cardiac failure during infancy.
A condition where the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth, causing blood to be shunted from the aorta to the pulmonary trunk.
Ductus venosus, foramen ovale, and ductus arteriosus.
Lungs, kidneys, and gastrointestinal organs.
Transposition of the great arteries.
It gradually becomes smaller until it disappears.
Perforations in the septum primum (SP) enlarge to form the foramen secundum (FS).
Cessation of placental circulation and the lungs beginning to function.
Paired endothelial strands in the cardiogenic mesoderm, the earliest signs of the heart.
In the placenta.
To provide for its prenatal needs.
Fetal blood picks up oxygen and nutrients from maternal blood and eliminates carbon dioxide and wastes.
Ligamentum venosum, a fibrous cord on the inferior surface of the liver.
A muscular fold that grows from the wall of the right atrium.
Oxygenated blood from the inferior vena cava enters the right atrium, passes through the foramen ovale (FO), and enters the left atrium.
By the end of 96 hours (4th day) of life.
Formation of new blood vessels from precursor cells, angioblasts.
Blood flow through the placenta ceases, the lungs begin to function, and the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus close.
The aorticopulmonary septum fails to pursue a spiral course during the division of the bulbus cordis and the truncus arteriosus.
Failure of the ductus arteriosus to involute, resulting from the failure of the wall of the ductus arteriosus to contract.
A congenital anomaly resulting from abnormal looping of the heart, where the heart bends to the left instead of to the right.
Oxygenated blood from the inferior vena cava enters the right atrium, passes through the foramen ovale, and enters the left atrium.
As early as the third week.
Formation of channels through branching of pre-existing vessels.
Heart looping enables the tubular heart to resemble the structure of the adult heart.
It allows highly oxygenated blood to bypass the liver and enter the inferior vena cava.
Bulbar ridges from the bulbus cordis and truncal ridge from the truncus arteriosus.
Patent foramen ovale.
They contribute to the development of the heart valves and the membranous septum of the heart.
The foramen ovale (FO) fuses with the septum secundum (SS) to form the fossa ovales (oval fossa).
The valve of the foramen ovale (derived from septum primum) closes against the septum secundum.
Blood islands.
Two heart tubes.
Failure in the development of the membranous part of the interventricular septum.
Open.
Transposition of the Great Arteries.
Aorticopulmonary septum (AS).
Ventricular septal defect (VSD).
Ligamentum arteriosum.
The muscular interventricular septum (MIS) is located at the floor of the ventricle.
Endothelial cells.
It allows oxygenated blood from the right atrium (RA) to enter the left atrium (LA).
Trabeculae carneae, papillary muscles, and tendinous cords.
Abnormal looping of the heart.
Highly oxygenated blood from the placenta goes to the umbilical vein, approaches the liver, and then follows two pathways: half bypasses the liver via the ductus venosus to the IVC, and the other half enters the liver, passes through sinusoids, and then to the IVC via hepatic veins.
The heart bends ventrally and rotates to the right, positioning the atrium and sinus venosus dorsal to the bulbus cordis and ventricle.
It causes a left to right shunt of blood through the defect.
Medial umbilical ligaments.
Oval fossa, a crescent-shaped depression in the interatrial septum.
Increased pulmonary blood flow and loss of flow from the umbilical vein, resulting in higher pressure in the left atrium than in the right atrium.
When the pO2 of blood in the ductus arteriosus reaches 50 mmHg.
Cavities within blood islands.
A congenital heart disease where the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth.
Failure of the ductus arteriosus to involute.
It moves blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta.
Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk.
The membranous part of the interventricular septum.
Incomplete closure of the interventricular foramen due to the failure of the membranous part of the interventricular septum to develop.
Superior vesical artery, which supplies the urinary bladder.
It becomes the valve of the foramen ovale.
The heart develops from a heart tube which eventually acquires dilations and constrictions to form the bulbus cordis, ventricle, atrium, and sinus venosus.
The pressure in the left atrium (LA) becomes higher than that in the right atrium (RA).
It moves blood from the right atrium to the left atrium, bypassing the lungs.
It allows the straight heart to form a more complex structure resembling the adult heart.
An opening that allows passage of oxygenated blood from the right atrium to the left atrium.
The septum primum (SP) grows from the roof of the primordial atrium towards the endocardial cushions (EC), forming the foramen primum (FP) between the free edge of SP and EC.
The septum secundum (SS) grows from the right atrium and overlaps/covers part of the foramen secundum (FS), forming the foramen ovale (FO).
A small amount of blood passes through it.
Endothelial cells.
The primordial myocardium, which will become the muscular layer of the developing heart.
A muscular part and a membranous part.
1. Right atrium to foramen ovale to left atrium to left ventricle to descending aorta to systemic circulation (head, neck, and upper limbs). 2. Right atrium (small amount of blood) to pulmonary trunk to lungs (10% of blood) or descending aorta through ductus arteriosus (90% of blood).
A congenital heart disease where the positions of the pulmonary artery and the aorta are switched.
The pathway includes the placenta, umbilical vein, ductus venosus, inferior vena cava, right atrium, foramen ovale, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, and umbilical arteries.
Failure of the foramen ovale to close.
Closed.
It can cause blood to flow from the left to the right ventricles, then to the lungs, increasing pulmonary blood flow and leading to pulmonary hypertension.
It undergoes changes to establish good neonatal circulation.
The aorta lies anterior and to the right of the pulmonary trunk and arises from the right ventricle instead of the left.
