p.6
Interosseous Membrane Function
Where does the oblique cord extend from?
From the radius, below the tuberosity.
p.41
Blood Supply of the Forearm
What are the main arteries supplying blood to the forearm?
Posterior and anterior interosseous arteries.
p.32
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
Which muscles originate from the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus?
Brachioradialis and Extensor carpi radialis longus.
p.37
Posterior Compartment Muscles
From where do the deep layer muscles of the posterior compartment originate?
The posterior surfaces of the radius, ulna, and interosseous membrane.
p.22
Blood Supply of the Forearm
How does the brachial artery enter the forearm?
By passing through the cubital fossa.
p.48
Blood Supply of the Forearm
What accompanies the deep terminal branch of the posterior interosseous nerve in the lower third?
The terminal part of the anterior interosseous artery.
p.22
Blood Supply of the Forearm
Where does the brachial artery divide into its branches?
At the apex of the cubital fossa.
p.11
Clinical Conditions Related to Forearm Anatomy
What variations can occur in the Palmaris Longus muscle?
It may have a centrally or distally placed muscle belly instead of a proximal one.
p.2
Sensory Nerve Supply to the Forearm
What does the posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm supply?
A narrow strip of skin down the middle of the posterior surface.
p.7
Sensory Nerve Supply to the Forearm
What is a possible first drainage point for some lymphatics before reaching the lateral axillary lymph nodes?
The supratrochlear lymph node.
p.49
Blood Supply of the Forearm
What are the main arteries supplying the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Branches of the radial, posterior interosseous, and anterior interosseous arteries.
p.32
Blood Supply of the Forearm
What are the blood supply sources for the lateral fascial compartment of the forearm?
Radial and brachial arteries.
p.31
Clinical Conditions Related to Forearm Anatomy
What causes Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?
Compression of the median nerve within the tunnel, likely due to thickening of the synovial sheaths of the flexor tendons or arthritic changes in the carpal bones.
p.41
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
What is the exception in the nerve supply of forearm muscles?
Anconeus is supplied by the radial nerve instead of the posterior interosseous nerve.
p.7
Sensory Nerve Supply to the Forearm
Where do the medial lymphatics drain?
To the lateral axillary lymph nodes.
p.24
Blood Supply of the Forearm
What is the function of the recurrent branch of the radial artery?
It participates in the arterial anastomosis around the elbow joint.
p.1
Compartments of the Forearm
What does the interosseous membrane link?
It links adjacent borders of the radius and ulna along most of their length.
p.24
Blood Supply of the Forearm
What does the superficial palmar branch frequently join to form?
The ulnar artery to create the superficial palmar arch.
p.5
Interosseous Membrane Function
What does the interosseous membrane unite?
The shafts of the radius and the ulna.
p.31
Clinical Conditions Related to Forearm Anatomy
Why does no paresthesia occur over the thenar eminence in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?
Because this area of skin is supplied by the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve, which passes superficially to the flexor retinaculum.
p.23
Blood Supply of the Forearm
Where does the radial artery begin?
In the cubital fossa at the level of the neck of the radius.
p.27
Blood Supply of the Forearm
What is a notable feature of the anterior interosseous artery?
It has numerous branches that perforate the interosseous membrane to supply deep muscles of the posterior compartment.
p.35
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
Where does the Anconeus muscle originate?
Back of the lateral epicondyle.
p.46
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
What does the radial nerve do after piercing the intermuscular septum?
It reaches the anterior compartment again.
p.1
Compartments of the Forearm
What separates the compartments of the forearm?
1) Lateral intermuscular septum, 2) Interosseous membrane, 3) Attachment of deep fascia along the posterior border of the ulna.
p.37
Posterior Compartment Muscles
What is the primary function of the muscles in the deep layer of the posterior compartment?
They pass into the thumb and fingers.
p.26
Blood Supply of the Forearm
What does the ulnar recurrent artery contribute to?
An anastomotic network of vessels around the elbow joint.
p.16
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
In the forearm, where does the median nerve run?
Downward behind the flexor digitorum superficialis and rests posteriorly on the flexor digitorum profundus.
p.8
Blood Supply of the Forearm
What are the blood supply sources for the muscles in the anterior fascial compartment of the forearm?
Ulnar and radial arteries.
p.44
Compartments of the Forearm
What structures are transmitted by the fourth compartment of the forearm?
Extensor digitorum, Extensor indicis, termination of anterior interosseous artery, and termination of posterior interosseous nerve.
p.16
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
How does the median nerve enter the palm?
By passing behind the flexor retinaculum.
p.19
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
Which muscles receive muscular branches from the anterior interosseous nerve?
Flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus, and the lateral half of the flexor digitorum profundus.
p.9
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What actions does the Flexor carpi radialis perform?
Flexion of the elbow, wrist, and abduction of the hand.
p.33
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the origin of the Brachio-radialis?
Lateral supra-condylar ridge (upper 2/3).
p.33
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the action of the Extensor carpi radialis longus?
Extension and abduction of the hand.
p.42
Flexor Retinaculum and Carpal Tunnel
Which nerve is related to the superficial relations of the Extensor Retinaculum?
Dorsal cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve.
p.20
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
Where does the ulnar artery lie in relation to the ulnar nerve in the lower two thirds of the forearm?
On the lateral side of the ulnar nerve.
p.13
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
Where does the Flexor pollicis longus insert?
Distal phalanx of the thumb.
p.28
Flexor Retinaculum and Carpal Tunnel
What is the flexor retinaculum?
A thickening of deep fascia that holds long flexor tendons in position at the wrist.
p.50
Superficial Veins of the Forearm
Where do the veins of the posterior compartment ultimately drain?
Into the brachial veins associated with the brachial artery in the cubital fossa.
p.7
Sensory Nerve Supply to the Forearm
Where do the superficial lymphatics of the thumb and lateral fingers drain?
To the infraclavicular lymph nodes via the cephalic vein.
p.36
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the action of the Extensor digiti minimi?
Extend elbow, extend wrist, extend little finger.
p.3
Superficial Veins of the Forearm
What are the three main superficial veins in the forearm?
Cephalic vein, Basilic vein, and Median cubital vein.
p.34
Posterior Compartment Muscles
What are the two layers of muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Superficial and deep layers.
p.43
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
What tendons are transmitted by the second compartment of the extensor retinaculum?
Extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi radialis brevis.
p.21
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
Where does the palmar cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve arise?
In the middle of the forearm.
p.27
Blood Supply of the Forearm
What does the anterior interosseous artery supply?
Muscles of the deep compartment of the forearm, the radius, and ulna.
p.3
Superficial Veins of the Forearm
Where does the Cephalic vein drain?
Into the axillary vein after piercing the clavipectoral fascia.
p.27
Blood Supply of the Forearm
What does the small branch of the anterior interosseous artery contribute to?
The vascular network around the carpal bones and joints.
p.44
Compartments of the Forearm
What tendon is transmitted by the sixth compartment?
Tendon of Extensor carpi ulnaris.
p.20
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
What ligament does the ulnar nerve cross at the elbow joint?
The medial ligament of the elbow joint.
p.35
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
Where does the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis originate?
Front of the lateral epicondyle.
p.13
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the primary action of the Flexor digitorum profundus?
Flexes distal phalanx of fingers; assists in flexion of middle and proximal phalanges and wrist.
p.38
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
Where does the Abductor pollicis longus muscle insert?
Base of the 1st metacarpal bone.
p.50
Superficial Veins of the Forearm
What is the relationship between the veins and arteries in the posterior compartment?
Veins generally accompany the arteries.
p.48
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
Where does the deep terminal branch of the posterior interosseous nerve descend?
Between superficial and deep muscles.
p.51
Clinical Conditions Related to Forearm Anatomy
What happens to the tendons as a result of repeated friction?
They become edematous and swell.
p.22
Blood Supply of the Forearm
What are the two major branches of the brachial artery?
The radial and ulnar arteries.
p.3
Superficial Veins of the Forearm
Where does the Cephalic vein arise from?
From the lateral end of the dorsal venous arch on the dorsum of the hand.
p.34
Posterior Compartment Muscles
What movements are associated with the muscles of the posterior compartment?
Movement of the wrist joint, extension of the fingers and thumb, and supination.
p.8
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
Which nerve supplies most muscles in the anterior fascial compartment?
The median nerve and its branches.
p.44
Compartments of the Forearm
Where is the fourth compartment located?
On the lateral part of the posterior surface of the radius.
p.31
Clinical Conditions Related to Forearm Anatomy
What is the treatment for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?
Decompressing the tunnel by making a longitudinal incision through the flexor retinaculum.
p.33
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the insertion point of the Brachio-radialis?
Base of the styloid process of the radius.
p.27
Interosseous Membrane Function
How does the anterior interosseous artery terminate?
By joining the posterior interosseous artery.
p.35
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What actions does the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis perform?
Extension of elbow and wrist.
p.18
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
What is the largest branch of the median nerve?
Anterior interosseous nerve.
p.25
Blood Supply of the Forearm
With which artery does the ulnar artery often anastomose?
The superficial palmar branch of the radial artery.
p.28
Flexor Retinaculum and Carpal Tunnel
What passes through the carpal tunnel?
The median nerve and the flexor tendons of the thumb and fingers.
p.39
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the insertion of the Extensor pollicis longus?
Base of distal phalanx of thumb.
p.46
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
How does the radial nerve leave the axilla?
By passing in the lower triangular space to the back of the forearm.
p.37
Posterior Compartment Muscles
What are the five muscles in the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, and extensor indicis.
p.14
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
Where does the Pronator quadratus insert?
Anterior surface of the shaft of the radius.
p.3
Superficial Veins of the Forearm
Where do the superficial veins in the forearm lie?
In the superficial fascia.
p.29
Flexor Retinaculum and Carpal Tunnel
What tendon passes superficial to the flexor retinaculum and ends on the pisiform bone?
Flexor carpi ulnaris tendon.
p.31
Clinical Conditions Related to Forearm Anatomy
What are the symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?
Burning pain or 'pins and needles' along the distribution of the median nerve to the lateral three and a half fingers, and weakness of the thenar muscles.
p.9
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
Where does the Flexor digitorum superficialis insert?
Into the middle phalanges of the medial 4 fingers.
p.30
Flexor Retinaculum and Carpal Tunnel
Which tendon is responsible for flexing the thumb and passes through the carpal tunnel?
Flexor pollicis longus tendon.
p.9
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the origin of the Pronator teres?
Medial epicondyle (humeral head) and coronoid process of ulna (ulnar head).
p.4
Superficial Veins of the Forearm
What does the basilic vein terminate into?
It joins the venae comitantes of the brachial artery to form the axillary vein.
p.36
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the insertion point of the Extensor carpi ulnaris?
Base of 5th metacarpal bone.
p.35
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the insertion point of the Anconeus muscle?
Olecranon process of ulna.
p.42
Flexor Retinaculum and Carpal Tunnel
What are the medial attachments of the Extensor Retinaculum?
Styloid process of ulna, triquetral and pisiform bones.
p.23
Blood Supply of the Forearm
What is a common site for taking the radial pulse?
The area where the radial artery is located in the distal forearm.
p.35
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
Where does the Extensor Digitorum insert?
4 tendons in middle & distal phalanges of medial 4 fingers (extensor expansion).
p.38
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What are the origins of the Abductor pollicis longus muscle?
Back of radius, Back of ulna, Back of interosseous membrane.
p.28
Flexor Retinaculum and Carpal Tunnel
What does the attachment to the trapezium form?
A synovial-lined tunnel for the passage of the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis.
p.39
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the action of the Extensor pollicis longus?
Extend all joints of the thumb.
p.39
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the origin of the Extensor indicis?
Back of ulna and interosseous membrane.
p.45
Compartments of the Forearm
What is the medial boundary of the anatomical snuff box?
Tendon of extensor pollicis longus.
p.45
Compartments of the Forearm
What forms the floor of the anatomical snuff box?
Scaphoid and trapezium bones.
p.41
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
Which nerve supplies the muscles of the forearm?
Deep branch of the radial nerve (posterior interosseous nerve), except for anconeus which is supplied by the radial nerve.
p.46
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
Where does the radial nerve run in the forearm?
In the spiral groove with the profunda brachii.
p.6
Interosseous Membrane Function
Where does the oblique cord attach on the ulna?
To the apex of the coronoid process.
p.26
Blood Supply of the Forearm
What are the muscular branches of the ulnar artery responsible for?
Supplying neighboring muscles.
p.1
Compartments of the Forearm
What is the function of the lateral intermuscular septum?
It passes from the anterior border of the radius to the deep fascia surrounding the limb.
p.4
Superficial Veins of the Forearm
Where does the basilic vein arise from?
The medial side of the dorsal venous arch on the back of the hand.
p.27
Interosseous Membrane Function
Where does the anterior interosseous artery pass?
It passes distally along the anterior aspect of the interosseous membrane.
p.12
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the origin of the Radial head of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis?
Oblique line on anterior surface of shaft of radius.
p.19
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
Where does the anterior interosseous nerve pass downward?
On the anterior surface of the interosseous membrane.
p.47
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
What is the terminal branch of the radial nerve that descends in the upper two-thirds of the forearm?
Superficial terminal branch of the radial nerve.
p.44
Compartments of the Forearm
What tendon is transmitted by the fifth compartment?
Tendon of Extensor digiti minimi.
p.34
Posterior Compartment Muscles
Name the muscles in the deep group of the posterior compartment.
Supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis.
p.47
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
In which part of the forearm does the superficial terminal branch of the radial nerve pass posteriorly?
Lower one-third of the forearm.
p.23
Blood Supply of the Forearm
Which tendons are located on either side of the radial artery in the distal forearm?
The tendon of brachioradialis on the lateral side and the tendon of flexor carpi radialis on the medial side.
p.13
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
Where does the Flexor digitorum profundus insert?
Distal phalanges of the medial four fingers.
p.33
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the origin of the Extensor carpi radialis longus?
Lateral supra-condylar ridge (lower 1/3).
p.25
Blood Supply of the Forearm
What is the ulnar artery?
The larger of the two terminal branches of the brachial artery that passes down the medial side of the forearm.
p.28
Flexor Retinaculum and Carpal Tunnel
What structure does the flexor retinaculum convert the concave anterior surface of the hand into?
An osteofascial tunnel known as the carpal tunnel.
p.10
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the origin of the Flexor Carpi Radialis?
Medial epicondyle of humerus.
p.10
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What action does the Palmaris Longus perform?
Flexes the hand at wrist joint.
p.50
Superficial Veins of the Forearm
What do the veins of the posterior compartment generally do?
They accompany the arteries.
p.11
Clinical Conditions Related to Forearm Anatomy
Does the absence of the Palmaris Longus muscle produce any disability?
No, because the muscle is relatively weak.
p.14
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the origin of the Pronator quadratus?
Anterior surface of the shaft of the ulna.
p.46
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
In which groove does the radial nerve run between muscles?
Between the brachialis and brachioradialis, and the extensor carpi radialis longus muscle.
p.48
Blood Supply of the Forearm
What accompanies the deep terminal branch of the posterior interosseous nerve in the upper part?
The posterior interosseous artery.
p.26
Blood Supply of the Forearm
What are the two branches of the common interosseous artery?
Anterior and posterior interosseous arteries.
p.43
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
Where is the third compartment of the extensor retinaculum located?
Medial to the dorsal tubercle of the radius.
p.21
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
What area does the palmar cutaneous branch supply?
The skin over the hypothenar eminence.
p.23
Blood Supply of the Forearm
What muscle does the radial artery pass beneath?
The brachioradialis muscle.
p.30
Flexor Retinaculum and Carpal Tunnel
Which tendons are responsible for flexing the fingers and pass through the carpal tunnel?
Flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus tendons.
p.9
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the action of the Flexor carpi ulnaris?
Flexion of the elbow and wrist, and adduction of the hand.
p.33
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the insertion point of the Extensor carpi radialis longus?
Base of the 2nd metacarpal bone.
p.35
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What actions does the Extensor Digitorum perform?
Extension of elbow, wrist, and medial 4 fingers.
p.25
Blood Supply of the Forearm
Where does the ulnar artery begin?
In the cubital fossa at the level of the neck of the radius.
p.25
Blood Supply of the Forearm
Where does the ulnar artery lie in the upper part of its course?
Deep to most of the flexor muscles.
p.10
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
Where does the Pronator Teres insert?
Lateral aspect of shaft of radius.
p.10
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What action does the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris perform?
Flexes and adducts hand at wrist joint.
p.6
Interosseous Membrane Function
What is the oblique cord?
A narrow ligament extending from the radius to the apex of the coronoid process of the ulna.
p.48
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
What is the function of the deep terminal branch of the posterior interosseous nerve?
It passes between superficial and deep fibers of the supinator to reach the back of the forearm.
p.51
Clinical Conditions Related to Forearm Anatomy
What causes stenosing synovitis of the Abductor Pollicis Longus and Extensor Pollicis Brevis tendons?
Repeated friction between these tendons and the styloid process of the radius.
p.8
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What are the muscles in the superficial group of the anterior fascial compartment of the forearm?
Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, and flexor digitorum superficialis.
p.21
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
What muscles receive muscular branches from the ulnar nerve?
Flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus.
p.43
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
Which tendons are transmitted by the first compartment of the extensor retinaculum?
Abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis.
p.9
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the action of the Flexor digitorum superficialis?
Flexion of the elbow, wrist, and proximal/middle phalanges of the medial 4 fingers.
p.30
Flexor Retinaculum and Carpal Tunnel
What structures pass beneath the flexor retinaculum (carpal tunnel)?
1 - Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons, 2 - Flexor digitorum profundus tendons, 3 - Median nerve, 4 - Flexor pollicis longus tendon, 5 - Flexor carpi radialis tendon.
p.36
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What actions does the Extensor carpi ulnaris perform?
Extend elbow, extend wrist, adduct hand.
p.12
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
Where does the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis insert?
Middle phalanx of the medial four fingers.
p.3
Superficial Veins of the Forearm
What type of tributaries does the Cephalic vein receive?
Tributaries from the lateral and posterior surfaces of the upper limb.
p.44
Compartments of the Forearm
Where is the fifth compartment located?
Opposite the interval between the radius and the head of the ulna, posterior to the distal radioulnar joint.
p.5
Interosseous Membrane Function
How does the interosseous membrane transmit force?
From the radius to the ulna and then to the humerus and scapula.
p.5
Interosseous Membrane Function
What kind of force can be transmitted through the interosseous membrane?
A force applied to the lower end of the radius, such as falling on an outstretched hand.
p.23
Blood Supply of the Forearm
How does the radial artery leave the forearm?
By winding around the lateral aspect of the wrist to reach the posterior surface of the hand.
p.20
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
How does the ulnar nerve enter the palm?
In front of the flexor retinaculum and lateral to the pisiform bone.
p.25
Blood Supply of the Forearm
Where is the ulnar artery located in front of the flexor retinaculum?
Just lateral to the pisiform bone, covered only by skin and fascia.
p.28
Flexor Retinaculum and Carpal Tunnel
Where does the upper border of the flexor retinaculum correspond?
To the distal transverse skin crease in front of the wrist.
p.10
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the origin of the Palmaris Longus?
Medial epicondyle of humerus.
p.24
Blood Supply of the Forearm
What are the muscular branches of the radial artery responsible for?
Supplying neighboring muscles.
p.6
Interosseous Membrane Function
What may the oblique cord represent?
A degenerated head of the flexor pollicis longus.
p.16
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
Where does the median nerve pass in the cubital fossa?
Between the two heads of the pronator teres.
p.27
Interosseous Membrane Function
What does the posterior interosseous artery do?
It passes dorsally over the proximal margin of the interosseous membrane into the posterior compartment of the forearm.
p.12
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the origin of the Humeroulnar head of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis?
Medial epicondyle of humerus and medial border of coronoid process of ulna.
p.16
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
What happens to the median nerve at the wrist?
It moves around the lateral side of the muscle and becomes more superficial, lying between the tendons of the palmaris longus and flexor carpi radialis.
p.3
Superficial Veins of the Forearm
What is the course of the Cephalic vein in the forearm?
Winds around the lateral border of the forearm and ascends into the cubital fossa lateral to the biceps brachii muscle.
p.4
Superficial Veins of the Forearm
Where does the basilic vein ascend in the arm?
Into the cubital fossa and up the front of the arm on the medial side of the biceps brachii.
p.8
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
Which muscles are supplied by the ulnar nerve in the anterior fascial compartment?
Flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial part of the flexor digitorum profundus.
p.21
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
Where does the dorsal posterior cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve arise?
In the distal third of the forearm.
p.5
Interosseous Membrane Function
In which direction do the fibers of the interosseous membrane run?
Obliquely downward and medially.
p.18
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
What are the muscular branches of the median nerve?
Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, and flexor digitorum superficialis.
p.47
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
What does the superficial terminal branch of the radial nerve supply?
Lateral two-thirds of the skin and lateral three and a half fingers.
p.35
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
Where does the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis insert?
Base of the 3rd metacarpal bone.
p.42
Flexor Retinaculum and Carpal Tunnel
What veins are associated with the superficial relations of the Extensor Retinaculum?
Basilic vein and Cephalic vein.
p.13
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the origin of the Flexor pollicis longus?
Anterior surface of the shaft of the radius.
p.13
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the primary action of the Flexor pollicis longus?
Flexes distal phalanx of the thumb.
p.10
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the origin of the Pronator Teres?
Humeral head: Medial epicondyle of humerus; Ulnar head: Medial border of coronoid of ulna.
p.10
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
Where does the Flexor Carpi Radialis insert?
Bases of second and third metacarpal bones.
p.10
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
Where does the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris insert?
Pisiform bone, hook of the hamate, base at fifth metacarpal bone.
p.43
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
What is the location of the first compartment of the extensor retinaculum?
Lateral surface of the lower end of the radius.
p.8
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What muscles make up the deep group of the anterior fascial compartment of the forearm?
Flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus, and pronator quadratus.
p.51
Clinical Conditions Related to Forearm Anatomy
What is a consequence of stenosing tenosynovitis?
Movement of the tendons becomes restricted.
p.1
Compartments of the Forearm
Where does the deep fascia attach in relation to the ulna?
Along the posterior border of the ulna.
p.23
Blood Supply of the Forearm
What is the radial artery?
The smaller of the terminal branches of the brachial artery.
p.5
Interosseous Membrane Function
Where is the interosseous membrane attached?
To the interosseous borders of the radius and ulna.
p.42
Flexor Retinaculum and Carpal Tunnel
What is the Extensor Retinaculum?
A thickening of deep fascia that extends obliquely across the back of the wrist.
p.13
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the origin of the Flexor digitorum profundus?
Anteromedial surface of the shaft of the ulna.
p.20
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
Which muscles does the ulnar nerve run between in the forearm?
Flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus.
p.20
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
At the wrist, where does the ulnar nerve become superficial?
Between the tendons of the flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum superficialis.
p.25
Blood Supply of the Forearm
What does the ulnar artery form at its termination?
The superficial palmar arch.
p.39
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the action of the Extensor pollicis brevis?
Extend the proximal phalanx of the thumb.
p.39
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the origin of the Extensor pollicis longus?
Back of ulna and interosseous membrane.
p.10
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the origin of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris?
Humeral head: Medial epicondyle of humerus; Ulnar head: Medial aspect of olecranon process and posterior border of ulna.
p.36
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the insertion point of the Extensor digiti minimi?
Extensor expansion of little finger.
p.26
Blood Supply of the Forearm
What are the names of the two small carpal arteries from the ulnar artery?
Dorsal carpal branch and palmar carpal branch.
p.34
Posterior Compartment Muscles
Name the muscles in the superficial group of the posterior compartment.
Anconeus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris.
p.43
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
What tendon is transmitted by the third compartment of the extensor retinaculum?
Extensor pollicis longus.
p.29
Flexor Retinaculum and Carpal Tunnel
What is the role of the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve?
It provides sensory innervation to the palm.
p.12
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the primary action of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis?
Flexes middle phalanx of fingers and assists in flexing proximal phalanx and hand.
p.20
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
Where does the ulnar nerve pass behind?
The medial epicondyle of the humerus.
p.42
Flexor Retinaculum and Carpal Tunnel
What is the lateral attachment of the Extensor Retinaculum?
Anterior border of the lower end of the radius.
p.18
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
What does the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve supply?
Skin over the lateral part of the palm.
p.38
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the origin of the Supinator muscle?
Lateral epicondyle, Supinator fossa and crest, Annular ligament.
p.25
Blood Supply of the Forearm
What structure does the ulnar artery enter in the palm?
In front of the flexor retinaculum.
p.28
Flexor Retinaculum and Carpal Tunnel
What bones does the flexor retinaculum attach to laterally?
Tubercle of the scaphoid and the trapezium bones.
p.10
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What actions does the Pronator Teres perform?
Pronation and flexion of the forearm.
p.45
Compartments of the Forearm
What are the lateral boundaries of the anatomical snuff box?
Tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis.
p.4
Superficial Veins of the Forearm
How does the basilic vein travel in the forearm?
It winds around the medial border of the forearm.
p.29
Flexor Retinaculum and Carpal Tunnel
What is the function of the palmar cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve?
It provides sensory innervation to the palm.
p.5
Interosseous Membrane Function
What is one function of the interosseous membrane?
It provides attachment for neighboring muscles.
p.21
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
What is the distribution area of the dorsal posterior cutaneous branch?
The posterior surface of the hand and fingers.
p.30
Flexor Retinaculum and Carpal Tunnel
What tendon is associated with the flexor carpi radialis muscle?
Flexor carpi radialis tendon.
p.44
Compartments of the Forearm
Where is the sixth compartment located?
Between the head of the ulna and its styloid process.
p.42
Flexor Retinaculum and Carpal Tunnel
Which nerve is a superficial branch related to the Extensor Retinaculum?
Superficial branch of the radial nerve.
p.25
Blood Supply of the Forearm
In which compartment does the ulnar artery descend through the forearm?
The anterior compartment.
p.25
Clinical Conditions Related to Forearm Anatomy
What is a common clinical use of the ulnar artery's location?
It is a site for taking the ulnar pulse.
p.39
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the insertion of the Extensor pollicis brevis?
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb.
p.10
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
Where does the Palmaris Longus insert?
Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis.
p.19
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
Which joints does the anterior interosseous nerve supply?
The wrist, distal radioulnar joints, and joints of the hand.
p.20
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
In which part of the forearm does the ulnar nerve pass between the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
In the upper third of the forearm.
p.18
Nerve Supply of Forearm Muscles
Where does the palmar cutaneous branch arise?
In the lower part of the forearm.
p.25
Blood Supply of the Forearm
Where does the ulnar artery become superficial?
Between the tendons of the flexor carpi ulnaris and the flexor digitorum superficialis.
p.39
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the origin of the Extensor pollicis brevis?
Back of radius and interosseous membrane.
p.10
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What action does the Flexor Carpi Radialis perform?
Flexes and abducts hand at wrist joint.
p.28
Flexor Retinaculum and Carpal Tunnel
To which bones is the flexor retinaculum attached medially?
Pisiform bone and the hook of the hamate.
p.39
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the insertion of the Extensor indicis?
Extensor expansion of index.
p.45
Compartments of the Forearm
What structures make up the roof of the anatomical snuff box?
Digital branches of the radial nerve and the cephalic vein.
p.39
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment
What is the action of the Extensor indicis?
Extend all joints of the index finger.
