Normal flora that reside on or within humans.
A waste management technique that involves the use of organisms to clean up wastes and neutralize pollutants from contaminated sites.
Microorganisms used to treat or prevent disease, such as Lactobacillus in yogurt and medications.
Bacteria and fungi, including Staphylococcus (S. epidermidis), Micrococcus, Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium, Brevibacterium, and Acinetobacter.
Helicobacter pylori.
The study of numerous interrelationships between microorganisms and the world around them.
In the deeper layers of the skin, hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.
The colon.
A relationship that is beneficial to both symbionts.
They help to keep the eyes sterile.
Growth of bacteria, dental caries (tooth decay), gingivitis, and periodontal disease.
Complex and tenacious communities of assorted microorganisms organized in biofilms, consisting of species of bacteria and polysaccharide (extracellular matrix).
When microbes prevent other microbes from becoming established in or colonizing a particular anatomic location.
They play a role in elemental cycles (C, N, O, P, S) and can cause infectious diseases in farm animals and plants.
When microorganisms team up to produce a disease that neither could cause by itself.
On urinary catheters and medical implants.
A relationship that is beneficial to one symbiont and detrimental to the other symbiont (host).
The use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products, including any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof.
A relationship that is beneficial to one symbiont and is of no consequence to the other.
In gum margins, crevices between teeth, and deep folds (crypts) on the surface of the tonsils.
Production of vitamins and boosting the immune system by acting as irritants and antigens.
A relationship where neither symbiont is affected by the relationship.
Carriers harbor virulent pathogens in nasal passages but do not have the disease associated with them.
All parts except for the urethra.
Living together or close association of two dissimilar organisms (two different species).
The middle and inner ear.
Diphtheroids, lactobacilli, micrococci, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Neisseria, and Corynebacterium.
They are bacteria being removed from the gastrointestinal tract due to defecation.
Amount of moisture present, pH, temperature, salinity, presence of chemical wastes, presence of other microbes, and anatomical location.
Gastric enzymes and the acidic pH (approx. 1.5) of the stomach.
The process of extracting valuable metals from ores and mine tailings with the assistance of microorganisms.
Microorganisms that cause disease when the host's defenses are compromised.
