p.1
Importance of Transportation
What is the fundamental role of transportation in modern civilization?
Enabling the efficient movement of people, goods, and services through a diverse network of infrastructure and modes.
p.1
Characteristics of Road Transport
What are the characteristics of road transport?
Adaptable, direct, and economical mobility.
What types of road patterns are often utilized in rural areas?
Linear or radial patterns.
What are obligatory points in highway alignment?
Obligatory points determine the highway alignment and are divided into positive and negative points.
p.7
Transportation Engineering
What does Airport Engineering involve?
Planning, design, and construction of airports for safe and efficient air transportation.
p.17
Highway Development and Planning
What is a critical step in the highway project process?
Securing regulatory approvals.
p.10
Characteristics of Road Transport
What types of vehicles are included in road transport?
Cars, trucks, buses, and motorcycles.
What is the purpose of National Secondary Roads?
To directly connect cities to National Primary Roads, major ports, airports, and tourist service centers.
p.10
Characteristics of Road Transport
What are the key characteristics of road transport?
Flexibility, accessibility, cost-effectiveness for short distances, speed, convenience, and versatility.
p.12
Transportation Engineering
What is the primary purpose of road design and construction?
To facilitate the movement of vehicles.
What acronym can be used to memorize the requirements for highway alignment?
SESEC (Safe, Easy, Short, Economical, Comfort).
p.3
Importance of Transportation
What job opportunities does the transportation sector create?
Jobs in construction, maintenance, logistics, and operations.
p.12
Transportation Engineering
What are the key infrastructure components of roads?
Pavements, bridges, tunnels, and interchanges.
p.26
Highway Development and Planning
How should the alignment of a road be determined in relation to traffic?
It should align according to the traffic amount and flow pattern.
Why should the alignment connect to existing roads?
To reduce construction costs.
What influence does transportation infrastructure have on urban development?
It determines the layout and expansion of cities.
What type of cities do National Secondary Roads connect?
Cities not included in the category of major cities.
What is the purpose of railroad engineering?
Design and construction of rail systems for trains.
p.2
Importance of Transportation
What effect does proximity to reliable transportation have on property values?
It often increases property values and attracts investments.
p.29
Highway Development and Planning
What types of data are collected during the preliminary survey?
Distances, elevations, angles, soil properties, drainage patterns, and environmental impact.
What is a consequence of straight road alignment?
It leads to monotonous driving.
What is the main goal of Traffic Engineering?
To manage the flow of vehicles on roadways for smooth and safe transportation.
p.4
Importance of Transportation
How do reliable transportation options enhance quality of life?
By reducing travel time and stress.
p.29
Highway Development and Planning
What is another objective of the preliminary survey?
To compare different proposals in view of the requirement of good alignment.
p.11
Importance of Transportation
What is the essential role of road transport?
Providing efficient, accessible, and flexible mobility for individuals and businesses.
How does proximity to reliable transportation affect property values?
It often increases property values and attracts investments.
What is the role of Bypass/Diversion Roads?
To divert through traffic away from city/municipality business centers.
What defines a Barangay Road?
A street located outside the Población area of a municipality or urban area.
p.12
Characteristics of Road Transport
Who are the main users of roads?
Cars, buses, trucks, and motorcycles.
p.4
Transportation Engineering
Why are efficient transportation networks important for emergency response?
They are crucial for timely emergency response and disaster management.
p.31
Transportation Engineering
What types of measurements are taken during detailed surveys?
Precise measurements of terrain and detailed soil investigations.
p.10
Characteristics of Road Transport
How does road transport provide flexibility?
It offers the ability to reach almost any destination with a road network, allowing for versatile routes and timings.
What methods do traffic engineers use to enhance transportation efficiency?
Data-driven approaches to design and implement traffic control measures.
How does the radial or star and grid pattern improve connectivity?
By integrating radial roads with a grid of intersecting streets.
What is the Rectangular or Block Pattern in road design?
A grid pattern featuring streets that intersect at right angles, creating rectangular or square blocks.
p.1
Transportation Engineering
What is required for the construction and management of highways and railways?
Thorough planning and engineering to ensure safe and efficient travel.
p.31
Transportation Engineering
What is the purpose of the photointerpretation method?
To gather information on geological features, soil conditions, and drainage requirements.
What is the primary focus of Highway Engineering?
The design, construction, and maintenance of roads and highways to ensure safe and efficient transportation.
p.9
Modes of Transportation
What is the Philippine National Railways (PNR)?
A state-owned railway company operating inter-city and commuter train services primarily on Luzon.
p.2
Characteristics of Road Transport
What are the key attributes of road transport?
Flexibility, accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and versatility.
What are the classifications of roads according to usage?
National Road, National Primary Roads, National Secondary Roads, National Tertiary Roads.
p.7
Transportation Engineering
What does Port and Harbor Engineering focus on?
Design and maintenance of ports, harbors, and related infrastructure for maritime transportation.
p.10
Characteristics of Road Transport
What does accessibility in road transport refer to?
Direct door-to-door service without the need for transfers or additional handling.
p.15
Highway Development and Planning
What factors do engineers analyze during planning surveys?
Topographical features, soil conditions, environmental impacts, and community considerations.
p.11
Highway and Railroad Engineering
What does highway engineering focus on?
Designing and constructing road systems to efficiently accommodate vehicular traffic.
What is a challenge of implementing the radial or star and grid pattern?
Requires careful coordination of traffic flow and intersections.
p.6
Transportation Engineering
What is Transportation Engineering?
A branch of civil engineering that involves the planning, design, operation, and maintenance of transportation systems.
p.3
Importance of Transportation
Why are efficient transportation networks vital for economic growth?
They facilitate the movement of goods and services, boosting trade and commerce.
What is the function of the Munoz - Lupao Road?
It performs a local function under DPWH.
What does 'Safe' refer to in highway alignment requirements?
The alignment must ensure safety during construction, operation, and maintenance, especially in areas with slopes, embankments, and cuttings.
p.29
Highway Development and Planning
What is one objective of the preliminary survey?
To collect necessary physical information and details of topography, drainage, and soil.
p.31
Highway Development and Planning
What do the results of the detailed survey inform?
The detailed design and construction plans of the highway.
p.12
Highway Development and Planning
What is the typical capacity feature of roads?
Multiple lanes for high vehicle volumes.
p.28
Highway Development and Planning
What is the purpose of the initial stage in highway construction?
To examine existing maps and aerial photographs for an overview of the terrain and significant features.
What should be avoided in highway alignment according to negative obligatory points?
Valleys, ponds, marshy land, and religious places.
What is an example of a National Secondary Road?
San Jose Rizal Road or Bongabon - Rizal Road.
p.12
Highway Development and Planning
What are common maintenance activities for roads?
Road resurfacing, pothole repair, and bridge inspections.
What role do road patterns play in traffic flow?
They determine how traffic flows through a network.
p.4
Transportation Engineering
How do engineering and traffic management practices impact accidents?
They help reduce the frequency and severity of accidents.
p.31
Highway Development and Planning
What is conducted along the chosen alignment after selecting it?
Detailed surveys to gather comprehensive information for final design.
p.9
Modes of Transportation
What is the main route of the Philippine National Railways?
From Manila to the Bicol region in southern Luzon.
How does 'Easy' relate to highway construction?
Construction materials should be readily available, and the alignment should allow for easy vehicle operation with gentle gradients and curves.
Why is it important for the distance between initial and final points to be 'Short'?
To reduce construction costs.
p.17
Environmental and Social Considerations in Transportation
Why are public hearings conducted during the regulatory approval process?
To engage the community and address their concerns in the decision-making process.
What geological condition must be considered for highway alignment?
A geologically stable hill slope.
What is the main purpose of the National Road?
To serve as the main highway trunk line system that is continuous in extent.
p.27
Highway Development and Planning
What should be minimized to maintain road stability?
Excessive cutting and filling.
p.29
Highway Development and Planning
What is the first step in the conventional approach of the preliminary survey?
Conducting a traverse from the starting point to the endpoint by establishing control points.
p.10
Characteristics of Road Transport
What advantages does road transport offer in terms of speed and convenience?
It allows for relatively fast and convenient travel, especially in areas with well-maintained infrastructure.
p.3
Environmental and Social Considerations in Transportation
What sustainable practices can enhance transportation systems?
Promoting public transportation, cycling, and walking.
p.5
Modes of Transportation
What is the most common mode of transportation for short to medium distances?
Road transportation, including cars, buses, trucks, and motorcycles.
p.30
Highway Development and Planning
What features are surveyed in topographical studies?
All natural and man-made features along the traverse and within a specified width on either side.
What are the implications of road classifications?
They affect road design based on function, traffic volume, and design criteria.
p.4
Importance of Transportation
How does accessible transportation benefit tourism?
It attracts tourists, fostering cultural exchange and boosting local economies.
p.28
Highway Development and Planning
What is the purpose of the reconnaissance survey?
To verify findings from the map study and assess the feasibility of proposed routes.
What is an Asphalt Road made of?
A thick mixture of sand and gravel using asphalt as a binder.
p.14
Highway and Railroad Engineering
What safety measures are implemented in rail systems?
Automated signaling, barriers at crossings, and fencing.
p.16
Highway Development and Planning
What is the first step in highway development and planning?
Needs Assessment, involving traffic studies and stakeholder consultations.
p.16
Highway Development and Planning
What is involved in the route selection and design phase?
Developing preliminary designs, detailed engineering designs, and land acquisition.
p.7
Highway and Railroad Engineering
What is the purpose of signaling systems in railway engineering?
To regulate train movements and enhance operational safety.
p.7
Highway and Railroad Engineering
What role do railway engineers play in station design?
They design stations to provide comfortable and accessible facilities for passengers while maintaining operational efficiency.
What is the main feature of the radial or star circular pattern?
Streets radiating out from a central point, connected by concentric circular roads.
How do National Secondary Roads connect to major ports?
They connect major ports and ferry terminals to National Primary Roads.
What advantage does the radial or star circular pattern provide?
Facilitates direct access to the central area and helps distribute traffic.
p.2
Importance of Transportation
What does transportation encompass?
The system and process of moving people, goods, and services using various modes.
p.2
Importance of Transportation
How does transportation infrastructure influence urban planning?
It determines the layout and expansion of cities.
p.29
Highway Development and Planning
What methods are used in the preliminary survey?
Conventional Approach and Modern Rapid Approach.
p.12
Transportation Engineering
What control systems are used on roads?
Traffic signals, signs, and road markings.
What geometric design factors influence highway alignment?
Radius of curve, sight distance, and gradient.
What is the DPWH Current Classification System?
A system that classifies roads into National Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Roads.
What are Expressways?
Highways with limited access, often including toll facilities.
How do National Secondary Roads connect provincial capitals?
They connect provincial capitals within the same region.
p.17
Highway Development and Planning
What is involved in the construction phase of highway projects?
Hiring contractors and ensuring adherence to design specifications, budget, and timeline.
What is a benefit of the hexagonal pattern?
Makes efficient use of space and reduces travel distances.
p.11
Highway and Railroad Engineering
What disciplines are included in railroad engineering?
Civil, mechanical, industrial, and electrical engineering.
p.9
Transportation Engineering
What are some notable railway projects in the Philippines?
North-South Commuter Railway (NSCR), Mindanao Railway Project, and expansion of existing LRT and MRT lines.
p.14
Transportation Engineering
How does the cost of rail systems compare to other transportation methods?
Generally higher initial cost per mile.
p.28
Highway Development and Planning
What type of information is gathered during the reconnaissance survey?
Obstacles, soil conditions, water bodies, and existing infrastructure.
What features may be identified during the reconnaissance survey that were not on the topographical map?
Valleys, ponds, lakes, and other features.
p.31
Highway Development and Planning
What is the final stage of highway planning?
Selecting the best alignment based on data from the preliminary survey.
p.13
Environmental and Social Considerations in Transportation
What are some safety measures in transportation?
Guardrails, crash barriers, and speed limits.
What are positive obligatory points?
Points through which the alignment should pass, such as existing roads, intermediate towns, bridge sites, and mountains.
What are the three categories of road classification according to traffic volume?
Heavy Traffic Load, Medium Traffic Load, Light Traffic Load.
What is a disadvantage of the radial or star circular pattern?
It can be more expensive to build and maintain, and may be confusing for navigation.
What defines a National Primary Road?
A contiguous length of significant road sections connecting major cities with a population of at least 100,000.
What does 'Economical' mean in the context of highway alignment?
The alignment should be cost-effective during construction, operation, and maintenance, balancing costs with gradients and curves.
Who are the main users of rail systems?
Passenger trains and freight trains.
What are the advantages of the Rectangular or Block Pattern?
Simplifies navigation, allows for efficient land use, and facilitates traffic and utility distribution.
p.30
Highway Development and Planning
What types of profiles are created during levelling work?
Longitudinal and cross-sectional profiles.
p.29
Highway Development and Planning
Why might both primary and secondary traverses be necessary?
To ensure accurate measurements and control points during the survey.
p.12
Environmental and Social Considerations in Transportation
What are some environmental impacts of road construction?
Land use, air pollution, and noise pollution.
p.9
Importance of Transportation
What is the significance of the Philippine railways?
They are vital for the country's transportation infrastructure, offering an alternative to road travel.
p.2
Importance of Transportation
How does efficient transportation impact quality of life?
It reduces travel time and costs, improving overall quality of life.
What materials are used to construct Gravel Roads?
Natural gravel with good-quality soil as a binder.
p.17
Highway Development and Planning
What activities are included in routine maintenance of highways?
Resurfacing, pothole repairs, and drainage system maintenance.
What is a disadvantage of the Radial or Star and Block Pattern?
Can be more complex to navigate for those unfamiliar with the layout.
p.5
Modes of Transportation
What do pipelines transport?
Liquids and gases, such as oil, natural gas, and water.
p.29
Highway Development and Planning
What is the purpose of the preliminary survey in highway projects?
To gather precise data on shortlisted alignments for accurate design and cost estimation.
p.26
Highway Development and Planning
What should be considered when selecting highway alignment in densely populated areas?
Conservation areas and restricted zones.
p.21
Characteristics of Road Transport
What is a Concrete Road composed of?
Portland cement concrete of sufficient character to support the weight of passing vehicles.
p.3
Importance of Transportation
How does transportation enhance social connectivity?
By providing access to essential services like healthcare and education.
What is the connection between National Secondary Roads and airports?
They directly connect major airports to National Primary Roads.
What is the significance of linking an intermediate town in highway alignment?
It reduces the change in highway alignment when a straight road is possible between points A and B.
p.27
Highway Development and Planning
What is a key consideration for road stability in hilly areas?
The road should be aligned with the stable hillside.
p.6
Highway and Railroad Engineering
What does Railway Engineering focus on?
The design, construction, and maintenance of railway systems, including track layout and signaling systems.
p.30
Highway Development and Planning
What is the purpose of levelling work in road construction?
To estimate the volume of earthwork required along the centerline of the proposed road.
What is the significance of 'Comfort' in highway alignment?
The alignment should provide comfort to drivers and passengers.
p.11
Highway and Railroad Engineering
What are the key factors emphasized in highway engineering?
Traffic flow, safety, and durability of pavements and structures.
What is the layout of the hexagonal pattern?
Streets arranged in a hexagonal grid with hexagon-shaped blocks.
What is a disadvantage of the Rectangular or Block Pattern?
Can result in monotonous urban landscapes and high traffic congestion at intersections.
p.14
Highway and Railroad Engineering
What are key aspects of maintenance in railroad systems?
Track alignment, rail welding, and switch maintenance.
p.17
Highway Development and Planning
What is crucial for maintaining high standards during construction?
Effective project management and quality control measures.
p.15
Highway Development and Planning
Why are planning surveys important?
They gather essential data on terrain, environmental factors, and community needs for highway design.
p.30
Transportation Engineering
What does a soil survey assess?
Details of earthwork, slope, stability of materials, subsoil and surface drainage requirements, and pavement type.
p.11
Importance of Transportation
How do highway and railroad engineering contribute to society?
By shaping modern transportation networks and contributing to economic development and connectivity.
p.8
Modes of Transportation
What is a railroad?
A permanent road having a line of rails fixed to ties for cars or equipment drawn by locomotives.
How are roads classified in highway planning?
Based on intended function, traffic volume, and design standards.
p.14
Highway Development and Planning
What is essential for ensuring optimal performance and safety in road planning?
Specific planning considerations for each road category.
p.7
Transportation Engineering
What are key components of airport design?
Runway design, terminal facilities planning, and air traffic control systems.
p.17
Highway Development and Planning
What does securing regulatory approvals involve?
Obtaining necessary permits and licenses from government agencies and ensuring compliance with regulations.
What is a Municipal Road?
A street within the Población area of a municipality.
p.31
Highway Development and Planning
What factors are assessed during the detailed survey?
All factors that could impact construction.
p.10
Characteristics of Road Transport
Why is road transport considered cost-effective for short distances?
It is generally more economical for transporting goods and passengers over short distances compared to other modes.
p.3
Environmental and Social Considerations in Transportation
What environmental benefits can well-planned transportation systems provide?
They can reduce traffic congestion and lower greenhouse gas emissions.
p.7
Highway Development and Planning
What is a highway?
A main road connecting major towns or cities, designed for fast and efficient travel over long distances.
p.4
Global Competitiveness
What is a key determinant of a country's global competitiveness?
Modern, efficient transportation infrastructure.
p.15
Highway Development and Planning
What is the significance of rigorous planning in highway development?
It integrates classification strategies and meticulous surveying to meet transportation needs.
What should be minimized in geometric design for roads?
Steep gradients, hairpin bends, and needless rise and fall.
p.5
Modes of Transportation
How does rail transportation operate?
Uses trains running on tracks, which can be electrified or powered by diesel engines.
p.5
Modes of Transportation
What is the fastest mode of transportation for long-distance travel?
Air transportation, involving airplanes and helicopters.
p.1
Environmental and Social Considerations in Transportation
What qualities should transportation networks possess according to civil engineers?
Efficiency, sustainability, resilience, and alignment with evolving community needs.
p.1
Highway Development and Planning
What roles do roads and railways play in society?
Indispensable roles in shaping and supporting the infrastructural backbone essential for societal progress.
p.16
Environmental and Social Considerations in Transportation
What are some environmental considerations in highway development?
Environmental mitigation strategies like wildlife crossings and noise barriers.
What should be minimized when choosing highway alignment?
Overall costs during construction, operation, and maintenance.
p.12
Transportation Engineering
What materials are commonly used in road construction?
Asphalt, concrete, gravel, and steel for bridges.
p.26
Highway Development and Planning
How is the number of lanes determined for a highway?
Number of lanes = Traffic Volume / Traffic Capacity.
p.21
Highway Development and Planning
Why is categorizing roads according to traffic volume important?
To ensure that each road segment is designed with an appropriate capacity.
p.9
Modes of Transportation
What is the route of LRT-1?
From Baclaran to Roosevelt.
p.7
Transportation Engineering
What are some responsibilities of port engineers?
Optimizing port operations, ensuring safety for vessels and crew, and supporting economic activities related to trade.
p.28
Highway Development and Planning
What does the map study help identify?
Potential routes and narrowing down options before field surveys.
p.5
Modes of Transportation
What are modes of transportation?
Methods and systems used for moving people and goods from one place to another.
p.1
Highway Development and Planning
How do roads contribute to communities?
By connecting communities and facilitating local and regional commerce.
What is a key factor controlling highway alignment according to governmental requirements?
The government must be clear about the requirements of the road project, including when, what, how, and why to construct.
p.3
Environmental and Social Considerations in Transportation
How does efficient transportation contribute to resource management?
It reduces fuel consumption and minimizes resource wastage.
What is the impact of religious places on highway alignment?
They cannot be destroyed due to human sentiment.
p.1
Transportation Engineering
How do civil engineers enhance economic development?
By understanding the engineering principles that support roads and railways.
p.4
Importance of Transportation
What role does transportation play in preserving cultural heritage?
It links cultural sites and promotes appreciation of cultural heritage.
p.5
Modes of Transportation
What types of vehicles are included in water transportation?
Ships, boats, and barges.
p.14
Highway and Railroad Engineering
What is the typical lifespan of rails and structures in rail systems?
Rails (20-30 years), structures (50-100 years).
p.5
Modes of Transportation
What are the advantages of different modes of transportation?
Each mode is suitable for different types of travel, distances, and purposes.
What is the benefit of a hexagonal road pattern in urban areas?
It leads to a more uniform distribution of traffic and enhances aesthetic appeal.
p.4
Importance of Transportation
How does equitable access to transportation promote social equity?
It helps bridge the gap between different socio-economic groups.
p.15
Highway Development and Planning
What is the goal of selecting a highway route?
To balance engineering feasibility with socioeconomic and environmental factors.
Why should costly structures be considered in highway alignment?
To avoid destruction and high compensation costs.
p.27
Highway Development and Planning
What is essential for drainage in hill roads?
Adequate drainage facilities across the road.
p.6
Importance of Transportation
How do technology and infrastructure improvements impact transportation?
They enhance efficiency, safety, and environmental impact.
p.10
Characteristics of Road Transport
What does versatility in road transport mean?
It can accommodate a wide variety of goods and passenger types, supporting different types of vehicles.
What materials are commonly used in railroad construction?
Steel rails, wooden or concrete sleepers, and ballast.
p.12
Highway Development and Planning
How does the cost of road construction generally compare?
It is variable, but generally has a lower initial cost per mile.
What does the capacity of a rail system refer to?
Single or multiple tracks for train sequences.
p.8
Transportation Engineering
What is the role of the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) in the Philippines?
To maintain and develop infrastructure facilities, especially national highways.
p.2
Importance of Transportation
What is transit-oriented development?
Development that promotes sustainable and livable urban environments through transportation.
p.17
Highway Development and Planning
What is conducted to evaluate the overall success of a highway project?
A post-implementation review.
What is assessed regarding soil during the reconnaissance survey?
Soil type along the routes from field identification tests.
p.16
Environmental and Social Considerations in Transportation
How does social impact mitigation address community displacement?
By ensuring fair compensation and resettlement plans.
p.6
Highway and Railroad Engineering
What factors do railway engineers consider for safe train movement?
Track alignment, gradient, and curvature.
p.17
Highway Development and Planning
What sources can funding for highway projects come from?
Federal, state, local governments, and private investors.
p.26
Highway Development and Planning
Why is the availability of construction materials important for highway alignment?
It makes construction easier and more economical.
p.11
Highway and Railroad Engineering
What does railroad engineering involve?
Planning and development of rail networks, including track layout and signaling systems.
What characterizes the Radial or Star and Block Pattern?
A central focal point from which streets radiate outwards, combined with a surrounding block or grid pattern.
p.30
Environmental and Social Considerations in Transportation
What is estimated during drainage studies?
The number of cross-drainage structures.
p.11
Highway and Railroad Engineering
What is the focus of highway and railroad engineering?
The history, planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of roads and railroads.
p.26
Highway Development and Planning
What political consideration must be adhered to in highway alignment?
The alignment needs to be within the allocated territory.
p.30
Transportation Engineering
Why is a material survey conducted?
To know the location of construction materials.
p.14
Highway Development and Planning
What is the purpose of highway development and planning?
To govern the efficient and safe movement of people and goods across regions.
p.30
Transportation Engineering
How are control points established in the Modern Rapid Approach?
By examining aerial photographs under stereoscopes.
What does the longitudinal profile of a highway include?
Soil type, depth of cut, height of fill, side drain information, and direction of flow.
p.2
Importance of Transportation
Why is transportation crucial for economic growth?
It enables the movement of people and goods, supports trade, and creates jobs.
p.9
Modes of Transportation
What does the MRT-3 line serve?
As a crucial commuter route along Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA).
p.7
Transportation Engineering
What areas does Transportation Engineering encompass?
Public Transportation Systems, Urban Transportation Planning, Bicycle and Pedestrian Infrastructure, Transportation Economics and Policy, and Freight and Logistics.
p.4
Transportation Engineering
What advanced technologies drive innovation in transportation?
Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and autonomous vehicles.
p.26
Highway Development and Planning
What economic considerations should be taken into account for highway alignment?
Construction, operation, and maintenance should be economical.
p.14
Environmental and Social Considerations in Transportation
What is a significant environmental impact of rail systems?
Less air pollution and localized noise.
p.26
Highway Development and Planning
What drainage consideration is important for highway alignment?
The alignment should minimize the number of cross drainage structures.
p.27
Highway Development and Planning
What are the four stages of engineering surveys before finalizing highway alignment?
Map Study, Reconnaissance, Preliminary Survey, Final Location and Detailed Survey.
p.17
Highway Development and Planning
What is the purpose of monitoring and evaluation in highway projects?
To track performance in terms of traffic flow, safety, and environmental impact.
p.30
Highway Development and Planning
What does a traffic survey evaluate?
The number of lanes, roadway width, and pavement design.
p.30
Transportation Engineering
What is the first step in the Modern Rapid Approach?
Taking aerial photographs with required lateral and longitudinal overlaps.
p.16
Environmental and Social Considerations in Transportation
What is the purpose of the Presidential Decree (PD) 1151 of 1977 in the Philippines?
To require Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for projects affecting environmental quality.
What are the two types of highway alignment?
Horizontal alignment and vertical alignment.
What does vertical alignment refer to?
The projection of the highway alignment on a vertical plane.
What are the ideal requirements for highway alignment?
It must be safe and easy.
p.8
Importance of Transportation
What does the Pan-Philippine Highway connect?
Luzon, Samar, Leyte, and Mindanao islands.
What are the key infrastructure components of rail systems?
Tracks, bridges, tunnels, and stations.
p.1
Highway and Railroad Engineering
What is essential for highways and railways to handle?
High volumes of traffic and heavy loads safely.
What is an advantage of the Radial or Star and Block Pattern?
Provides efficient access to and from the central area and reduces congestion by distributing traffic.
p.9
Characteristics of Road Transport
What is the primary function of roads in the Philippines?
To link barangays and cities for transporting goods and as a communication link for economic development.
p.4
Importance of Transportation
What are the broader impacts of transportation on society?
Economic prosperity, social well-being, environmental sustainability, and overall quality of life.
What specific data is collected regarding gradients during the reconnaissance survey?
Values of the gradient, length of gradients, and radius of circular curves.
What sources are identified for construction materials during the reconnaissance survey?
Sources of construction materials.
What is a potential drawback of a hexagonal road pattern?
It can be complex to design and construct, and may confuse navigation.
What alignment considerations are made during the map study?
Avoiding valleys, ponds, and lakes.
p.2
Transportation Engineering
What are the specialized engineering practices involved in transportation?
Designing and managing highways and railways for safe, efficient, and sustainable infrastructure.
What is an Earth Road?
The simplest road constructed by shaping and smoothing natural soil.
What is the connection between National Secondary Roads and National Government Infrastructure?
They connect major National Government Infrastructure to National Primary Roads or other National Secondary Roads.
p.2
Importance of Transportation
What role does transportation play in promoting social and economic equity?
It enhances personal mobility and freedom, connecting communities.
What are control systems in railroad engineering?
Signaling systems, switches, and automated control.
p.8
Importance of Transportation
What is the primary function of the Pan-Philippine Highway?
To support economic activities and provide vital links between different regions.
p.5
Modes of Transportation
What is cable transportation used for?
Moving vehicles or containers along a fixed path, often in mountainous terrain.
p.16
Highway Development and Planning
What do feasibility studies in highway planning assess?
Cost-benefit analysis and technical feasibility of proposed routes.
p.30
Transportation Engineering
What can be obtained from stereo-pair observations?
Spot levels and contour lines.
What information is included in the plan of road design?
Center line, structures, Right of Way (ROW), carriageway, shoulders, and side drain.
What does horizontal alignment refer to?
The projection of the highway alignment on a horizontal plane.
What is included in the cross-section of road design?
Ground level, formation level, super elevation, area of cutting, and area of filling.
