Molecular and genetic aspects of diseases.
Unusual color, consistency, and shape of a previously healthy organ.
Using a thin needle to withdraw cells or fluid from a mass or lump.
The intensity of dysfunction and the number of damages are directly proportional to the length of exposure.
Surgical removal of a whole lump or suspicious tissue.
The science of identifying and interpreting morphologic patterns in gross and microscopic aspects of non-working organs and tissues, combining biological, immunological, and physiological consequences.
General principles of disease and the identification of different patterns.
Collection of cells that have naturally shed from the surface of tissues.
Rudolph Virchow.
The mechanisms of disease development, starting from the initial agent and producing changes at molecular, cellular, and physiological levels.
How altered molecular and morphological features affect the normal functioning of organs and systems.
The sum of all measurable objective malfunctions and non-measurable subjective malfunctions expressed by the patient.
Removing a small core of tissue from the affected area using a needle.
Analysis of an entire dead body, often related to legal aspects.
The study of the origins of diseases, including factors like infectious agents, genetic mutations, and environmental factors.
General Pathology and Systemic Pathology.
Organs or even an entire area, such as tumored regions.
For diagnosing and managing diseases through treatment.
Consent requires legal permission from the family, while forensic involves legal or criminal implications.
Changes that occur at the cellular and subcellular levels, including alterations in genes, proteins, and other molecules.
Examination of individual cells obtained from body fluids, aspirates, or brushings.
To perform various tests.
The way by which the body is able to recover from an injured state.
Microscopic examination of tissue samples, typically obtained through biopsies.
Even just one abnormal cell can disrupt the tissue and crowd different unusual cells in a certain area.
