A small number of factors such as changes in ice, Earth's orbit, Sun's strength, plate tectonics, vegetation, atmosphere, ocean, and land surface.
They contribute to the greenhouse effect, influencing climate change.
It influences the amount of solar radiation arriving on Earth, with both long-term increases and shorter-term variations.
The process where the Earth emits heat back into the atmosphere, affecting climate.
They are often discarded.
It is a primary external forcing factor that influences Earth's climate.
Climate science.
Air, water, ice, land surfaces, and vegetation.
They alter the basic geography of Earth's surface, affecting climate over millions of years.
The theory of evolution and the theory of plate tectonics.
The effect of humans on climate, resulting from agricultural, industrial, and other activities that alter Earth's land surfaces and add greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.
External factors drive changes in the climate system, which then responds and interacts to produce observed variations in climate.
The time it takes for a component of the climate system to react fully to an imposed change.
Through an interactive mix of observation and theory.
Tectonic processes, changes in Earth's orbit around the Sun, and changes in the strength of the Sun.
'Forcing' refers to factors that cause changes, while 'response' refers to the resulting climatic shifts.
Measurable variations resulting from interactions among the internal components of the climate system.
A national laboratory in Boulder, Colorado, where Earth's climate is studied.
The water temperature rises toward equilibrium in a manner where each response time moves it half of the remaining way to equilibrium.
Theories that explain a wide array of observations and are regarded as close approximations to the truth.
Uplift and weathering that contribute to long-term carbon storage.
Air, water, ice, land, and vegetation.
They can alter land surfaces and ocean currents, impacting climate patterns.
Because Earth's climatic history has developed over time and will continue to do so.
They alter the amount of solar radiation received on Earth by season and latitude.
