p.10
Vascular Surgery and Peripheral Arterial Disease
What is a key component of medical treatment for peripheral arterial disease?
Smoking cessation, control of hypertension, antiplatelet administration, control of dyslipidemia.
p.11
Vascular Surgery and Peripheral Arterial Disease
What can cause graft occlusion related to its placement?
Compressed graft in the tunnel.
p.7
Pancreatitis and Its Management
Which of the following is a malignant pancreatic tumor?
a) Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma, e) Adenocarcinoma.
p.7
Pancreatitis and Its Management
Which statement is true about computed tomography in pancreatic cancer?
a) Computed tomography is the best method of exploring the pancreas.
p.2
Surgical Treatment of Gastric Ulcers
What is a key component of the medical treatment for gastric ulcers?
Discontinuation of potentially ulcerogenic agents.
p.8
Pancreatitis and Its Management
What does cephalic duodenopancreatectomy involve resecting?
The distal portion of the common bile duct, duodenum, and pancreas.
What type of cells are found in diffuse type gastric adenocarcinoma?
Poorly differentiated cells in the ring with seals.
p.4
Surgical Treatment of Gastric Ulcers
What surgical technique is more common for treating perforated ulcers?
Ulcer suturing with omentoplasty.
p.4
Surgical Treatment of Gastric Ulcers
What is included in the non-surgical treatment for perforated ulcers?
Installation of a nasogastric tube and volume resuscitation.
What is the most frequent type of gastric carcinoma?
Ulcerated gastric carcinomas.
p.1
Stress Gastritis and Cushing Ulcer
In which patients does the Cushing ulcer appear?
In patients with severe burns, lesions of the central nervous system, critically ill patients, severe trauma, and multiple organ insufficiency syndrome.
p.9
Vascular Surgery and Peripheral Arterial Disease
What is a false statement regarding surgical treatment in peripheral arterial disease?
Aortobifemoral bypass does not require prosthetic grafting.
p.10
Vascular Surgery and Peripheral Arterial Disease
What are common clinical symptoms of peripheral arterial disease?
Resting pain, gangrene, muscle pain triggered by physical exertion, skin ulcers.
p.6
Pancreatitis and Its Management
What criteria determine the severity of acute pancreatitis?
Balthazar score grade D/E, occurrence of SIRS, outbreaks of pancreatic necrosis, acute peripancreatic fluid collections, and amylasemia over 3 times the normal values.
p.2
Mallory-Weiss Syndrome
What occurs in Mallory-Weiss syndrome?
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding through a linear rupture of the mucosa at the gastroesophageal junction.
p.12
Vascular Surgery and Peripheral Arterial Disease
What do perforating veins do?
Direct blood from the deep system to the superficial system.
p.4
Surgical Treatment of Gastric Ulcers
What is searched during surgical exploration of a perforated ulcer?
The place of perforation.
p.5
Pancreatitis and Its Management
What investigation is useful for uncertain diagnosis of acute pancreatitis?
Abdominal computed tomography with contrast substance.
Which type of gastric adenocarcinoma is associated with H. pylori infection?
Only the intestinal type.
p.12
Vascular Surgery and Peripheral Arterial Disease
What are some causes of venous thrombosis?
Sepsis, pregnancy, malnutrition, oral contraceptives, and endothelial injury.
p.1
Surgical Treatment of Gastric Ulcers
Is vagotomy associated with antral excision contraindicated for Type II and III gastric ulcers?
Yes, it is contraindicated.
p.1
Surgical Treatment of Gastric Ulcers
What must be done with every resected specimen of gastric ulcer?
It must be sent for histopathological examination.
p.7
Pancreatitis and Its Management
What does the Courvoisier sign in pancreatic cancer consist of?
b) Palpable painless gall bladder.
p.8
Pancreatitis and Its Management
Is curative intervention indicated in all cases of pancreatic cancer?
No, it is not indicated in all cases.
p.8
Pancreatitis and Its Management
What is the best surgical approach for cephalic tumors?
Cephalic duodenopancreatectomy.
p.6
Pancreatitis and Its Management
What is the main treatment for patients with chronic pancreatitis?
Surgery (drainage or resection procedures).
p.11
Vascular Surgery and Peripheral Arterial Disease
What does endarterectomy excise?
The endothelium with the stenotic plate and a portion of the middle.
p.1
Classification of Gastric Ulcers
What is true about Type I gastric ulcers?
Type I gastric ulcers are the most rare lesions in frequency.
p.3
H. pylori and Gastric Health
What is a recommended treatment for uncomplicated duodenal ulcer?
Eradication of H. pylori infection.
p.11
Vascular Surgery and Peripheral Arterial Disease
What is a cause of bypass occlusion?
Anastomotic neointimal hyperplasia.
What is true about hyperplastic polyps?
Hyperplastic polyps have a lower risk of malignant transformation.
p.7
Pancreatitis and Its Management
What defines the resectability of a pancreatic tumor?
b) Absence of remote dissemination, c) Absence of SMV, PV, vena cava invasion.
p.2
H. pylori and Gastric Health
What type of bacteria is H. pylori?
Microaerophilic bacteria.
p.10
Vascular Surgery and Peripheral Arterial Disease
What is a contraindication for endovascular treatment in peripheral arterial disease?
It is not performed in patients with severe claudication.
p.3
Risk Factors for Gastric Adenocarcinoma
How does diffuse type gastric adenocarcinoma disseminate?
By lymphatic invasion and local extension.
p.1
Classification of Gastric Ulcers
Where do Type I gastric ulcers typically appear?
On the lesser curvature of the stomach.
p.11
Vascular Surgery and Peripheral Arterial Disease
What types of bypass are represented in extraanatomical bypass?
Axillofemoral or femurofemoral bypass.
What are the main manifestations of complicated peptic ulcer disease?
Perforation, hemorrhage, and gastric stenosis.
p.1
Surgical Treatment of Gastric Ulcers
What might Type I, II, and III gastric ulcers require?
Total or subtotal gastrectomy.
Are gastric polyps associated with poliposic syndromes?
No, they are not associated with poliposic syndromes.
p.7
Pancreatitis and Its Management
What biological change is suggestive of obstructive jaundice?
a) Increased direct bilirubin, c) Increased alkaline phosphatase.
p.10
Vascular Surgery and Peripheral Arterial Disease
What is a requirement for endovascular treatment in peripheral arterial disease?
Administration of Clopidogrel and aspirin for at least 6 months.
What is the prognosis of the intestinal type of gastric adenocarcinoma?
It is well differentiated and has a better prognosis.
p.8
Pancreatitis and Its Management
Which anastomosis is most frequently affected by fistula after cephalic duodenopancreatectomy?
The pancreaticojejunal anastomosis.
p.4
Surgical Treatment of Gastric Ulcers
In rare cases, who may be treated non-surgically for perforated ulcers?
Young patients with a recent onset of symptoms.
p.1
Classification of Gastric Ulcers
Where do Type III gastric ulcers develop?
In the subcardial region.
p.11
Vascular Surgery and Peripheral Arterial Disease
Can extraanatomical bypass be performed in critically ill patients?
No, it cannot be performed.
p.1
Surgical Treatment of Gastric Ulcers
Is complete total excision of the ulcer ever an option?
No, it is never an option.
p.11
Vascular Surgery and Peripheral Arterial Disease
When is amputation indicated in peripheral arterial disease?
In patients with gangrene without the possibility of revascularization.
p.10
Vascular Surgery and Peripheral Arterial Disease
Is endovascular treatment indicated for asymptomatic patients?
Yes, it is also practiced in asymptomatic patients.
p.8
Pancreatitis and Its Management
When is total pancreatectomy indicated?
In pancreatic tail tumors.
p.4
Surgical Treatment of Gastric Ulcers
What characterizes elderly patients who may be treated non-surgically for perforated ulcers?
They are clinically stable with multiple medical conditions and present relatively late.
p.4
Surgical Treatment of Gastric Ulcers
What does old clot on the surface of the ulcer indicate?
Increased risk of relapse bleeding.
p.11
Vascular Surgery and Peripheral Arterial Disease
What is a benefit of proximal amputation?
Better rehabilitation potential.
p.5
Pancreatitis and Its Management
What are some etiological factors that can cause acute pancreatitis?
Gallstones, Alcohol, Hypercalcemia, Hyperuricemia.
p.6
Pancreatitis and Its Management
What are common signs found during clinical examination in acute pancreatitis?
Pain in the upper abdominal floor with muscular defense, the wooden abdomen, fecal vomiting, and ileus adinamic.
p.10
Vascular Surgery and Peripheral Arterial Disease
What classification system is used to indicate endovascular treatment?
The TASC classification system.
p.3
Risk Factors for Gastric Adenocarcinoma
What is a characteristic of diffuse type gastric adenocarcinoma?
It spreads hematogenously.
p.4
Surgical Treatment of Gastric Ulcers
What must be done immediately when a perforated ulcer is diagnosed?
Surgery must be performed before any other medical treatment.
p.3
Surgical Treatment of Gastric Ulcers
What does radical surgical resection for gastric adenocarcinoma involve?
Radical subtotal gastrectomy for distal lesions.
p.4
Surgical Treatment of Gastric Ulcers
What endoscopic sign indicates an increased risk of relapse bleeding in complicated ulcers?
Active hemorrhage at the time of endoscopy.
p.9
Vascular Surgery and Peripheral Arterial Disease
What is a false statement about infrainguinal occlusive disease?
Anastomosis on the distal popliteal artery is done only with a synthetic graft.
p.9
Vascular Surgery and Peripheral Arterial Disease
What is a false statement regarding venous anatomy?
The peripheral venous system includes the inferior vena cava.
p.10
Vascular Surgery and Peripheral Arterial Disease
What is a characteristic of ischemic ulcers?
They have a pale or necrotic base and are intensely painful for diabetics.
p.12
Vascular Surgery and Peripheral Arterial Disease
What are two representations of venous disease?
Varicose veins and post-thrombotic syndrome.
p.10
Vascular Surgery and Peripheral Arterial Disease
What does endovascular treatment of peripheral arterial disease consist of?
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and allows subintimal recanalization.
p.6
Pancreatitis and Its Management
What is a necessary medical treatment for acute pancreatitis?
Hydroelectrolytic balancing to maintain adequate tissue perfusion.
p.6
Pancreatitis and Its Management
What does CT show in chronic pancreatitis?
Atrophy, inflammation, tumor masses, fluid collections or pseudocysts, dilation of pancreatic ducts, or calcifications.
p.8
Pancreatitis and Its Management
Can cephalic duodenopancreatectomy be performed laparoscopically?
Yes, it can be performed by laparoscopic or robotic approach.
p.4
Surgical Treatment of Gastric Ulcers
What does surgical treatment of a perforated ulcer often involve?
Performing a definitive operation to reduce gastric acidity.
What is true about plastic linitis?
Diffuse infiltrates the entire stomach.
What is the prognosis for patients with plastic linitis?
Patients have a poor prognosis.
p.11
Vascular Surgery and Peripheral Arterial Disease
What is an important aspect of postoperative follow-up in peripheral arterial disease?
Doppler ultrasound examination of the anastomosis.
p.11
Vascular Surgery and Peripheral Arterial Disease
What is a possible intervention for stenosis after surgery?
Balloon angioplasty of stenoses.
p.6
Surgical Treatment of Gastric Ulcers
What surgical interventions can be performed in acute pancreatitis?
Early cholecystectomy, ERCP with sphincterotomy, early interventions for pancreatic necrosis, external drainage of a communicating pseudocyst, and internal drainage of a mature pseudocyst.
p.12
Vascular Surgery and Peripheral Arterial Disease
What causes reflux in the venous system?
Incompetence of the valves.
What appearance may the stomach have in plastic linitis?
It may look like a rigid tube.
p.1
Surgical Treatment of Gastric Ulcers
What is the most frequent operation for Type IV gastric ulcers?
Extensive antrum excision (hemigastrectomy).
p.4
Surgical Treatment of Gastric Ulcers
What does fresh clot on the surface of the ulcer indicate?
Increased risk of relapse bleeding.
Do adenomatous polyps suffer malignant transformation?
Yes, they can suffer malignant transformation.
p.11
Vascular Surgery and Peripheral Arterial Disease
What is important regarding the level of amputation?
It is set as the lowest but to ensure the healing of the abutment.
p.11
Vascular Surgery and Peripheral Arterial Disease
Why is maintaining the knee joint important in amputation?
It allows for moving with minimal energy consumption after prosthesis.
