p.32
HIV Infection and Its Impact on Mental Health
What does HIV stand for?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
What is a significant risk factor for STIs in female psychiatric patients?
Knowledge deficit related to contraceptive methods.
p.41
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
What is a common early clinical manifestation of HIV?
Flu-like symptoms such as fever, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes.
p.6
STIs in Psychiatric Patients
Which psychiatric conditions are highlighted as having a higher risk for STIs?
Schizophrenia, Depression, and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD).
p.27
Common STIs in Hong Kong
What virus causes Genital Warts?
Human Papillomavirus (HPV).
p.53
Health Education and Prevention Strategies for STIs
Is a condom an effective method to prevent the spread of STDs?
Yes, condoms are effective in reducing the risk of transmitting STDs.
p.22
Common STIs in Hong Kong
What are the primary characteristics of Gonorrhea?
It is characterized by urethritis or cervicitis.
p.22
Common STIs in Hong Kong
What type of infection is Chlamydial Infection?
It is characterized by urethritis or cervicitis.
p.56
Health Education and Prevention Strategies for STIs
What does the data show about condom use in relation to health education material?
Those who used condoms did not differ significantly from those who did not on recognition, endorsement, or influence of the health education material.
p.26
Health Education and Prevention Strategies for STIs
What risk should clients be educated about regarding delivery?
The risk of infecting their newborn during delivery.
p.41
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
What neurological symptoms can occur in advanced HIV infection?
Cognitive impairment and peripheral neuropathy.
p.41
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
What is the significance of weight loss in HIV patients?
It can indicate progression to AIDS.
p.28
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
What is the nature of genital warts?
They are benign growths that typically occur in multiple, painless clusters.
p.42
Diagnostic Tests for STIs
What is the purpose of ELISA?
It is a serological/antibody test used to detect specific antibodies.
p.52
HIV Infection and Its Impact on Mental Health
What are the complications that can arise from HIV affecting mental health?
Neuropsychiatric complications.
p.5
STIs in Psychiatric Patients
What does existing literature reveal about STIs in psychiatric patients?
A significant portion has a history of STDs.
p.56
Health Education and Prevention Strategies for STIs
Is health education effective in increasing the rate of protective sex?
Health education may be limited in effecting behavior change.
p.18
Diagnostic Tests for STIs
What type of testing involves detecting antigens in vesicular exudate?
Antigen detection testing.
p.35
HIV Infection and Its Impact on Mental Health
What is the primary virus associated with HIV?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
p.28
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
Where do genital warts typically occur?
On the vulva, vagina, cervix, perineum, anorectal area, urethral meatus, or glans penis.
p.15
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What virus causes genital herpes?
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type II.
p.9
Diagnostic Tests for STIs
What is the incubation period for syphilis?
It varies from 9 to 90 days.
p.2
Overview of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
How are STIs primarily contracted?
Through sexual activities or contact.
p.48
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What therapeutic techniques can be used for pain management?
Cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation, and imagery.
p.21
HIV Infection and Its Impact on Mental Health
What are some common negative emotions experienced by clients with genital herpes?
Stress, poor self-esteem, anger, and depression.
p.31
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What topical therapies can be used for AOM?
Podophyllin in compound tincture of benzoin or trichloroacetic acid applied topically to the warts.
p.35
Health Education and Prevention Strategies for STIs
What is one way to reduce the risk of HIV transmission?
Using condoms during sexual activity.
p.11
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
How can syphilis be diagnosed during the latent stage?
Through a blood test, as it is asymptomatic.
p.54
Health Education and Prevention Strategies for STIs
What was the focus of the study conducted by Sherr, Strong & Goldmeier in 1990?
To identify the pattern of condom use in the UK's STD clinic.
p.27
Common STIs in Hong Kong
What is the incubation period for Genital Warts?
Ranges from a few weeks to more than a few months or even longer.
p.26
Health Education and Prevention Strategies for STIs
Why is it important for clients to identify and treat all sexual partners?
Because the carrier may be asymptomatic.
p.52
HIV Infection and Its Impact on Mental Health
What type of problem is associated with HIV in relation to mental health?
Neuropsychiatric problem.
p.35
Risk Factors for STIs
What is a significant risk factor for the transmission of HIV?
Unprotected sexual contact.
p.2
Overview of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
What does STI stand for?
Sexually Transmitted Infection.
p.48
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
How might constipation be beneficial for patients taking protease inhibitors (PIs)?
Constipation might be a benefit for patients taking PIs.
p.21
HIV Infection and Its Impact on Mental Health
What psychological impact does genital herpes have on clients?
It causes considerable psychological impact, primarily negative emotions.
p.37
Risk Factors for STIs
Can STIs be transmitted through non-sexual means?
Yes, some STIs can be transmitted through blood or from mother to child.
p.16
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
What are the initial signs and symptoms of an STI?
A burning sensation at the site of inoculation or painful urination.
p.27
Common STIs in Hong Kong
Is there a definite curative measure for Genital Warts?
No, there is no definite curative measure.
p.47
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What should nurses identify to enhance patient nutrition?
Patient flavor preferences.
p.17
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
How do most people contract oral herpes?
By receiving a kiss from a friend or relative during childhood.
p.28
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
Can genital warts occur in areas other than the genital region?
Yes, they can also occur in the oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal areas.
p.42
Diagnostic Tests for STIs
What does the HIV RNA level measure?
The plasma viral load (PVL).
p.31
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
Is there a specific antiviral therapy for AOM?
No specific antiviral therapy is available.
p.45
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What does HARRT stand for?
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy.
p.37
Health Education and Prevention Strategies for STIs
What role does public health play in STI transmission in Hong Kong?
Public health initiatives aim to educate and reduce the transmission of STIs.
p.21
HIV Infection and Its Impact on Mental Health
How does genital herpes affect self-perception?
It can lead to poor self-esteem and self-directed anger.
p.12
Common STIs in Hong Kong
What can a pregnant woman with syphilis transmit to her baby?
Congenital syphilis, intrauterine death, or other disabilities such as blindness and deafness.
p.50
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What role does voluntary counseling and testing play in STI prevention?
It helps individuals understand their status and reduce transmission risk.
p.43
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What is an example of an NRTI?
Zidovudine (formerly AZT: azidothymidine).
What poor behavior contributes to the risk of STIs among psychiatric patients?
Poor decision-making regarding sexual activities.
p.56
Health Education and Prevention Strategies for STIs
What is a potential limitation of health education in sexual health?
It may have limited effectiveness in changing behavior.
p.17
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
What typically causes oral herpes?
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1).
p.9
Common STIs in Hong Kong
Is syphilis infectious?
Yes, it is highly infectious.
p.9
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
Can syphilis be cured?
Yes, syphilis is curable.
p.17
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
What is the primary cause of genital herpes?
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2).
p.15
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
Is there a cure for genital herpes?
No cure! Only control of signs and symptoms.
p.17
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
Does HSV-2 typically affect the mouth or face?
No, it rarely affects the mouth or face.
p.26
Health Education and Prevention Strategies for STIs
Why is it important for clients to inform their sexual partners?
To let them know about the risk of infection.
p.35
Risk Factors for STIs
How can HIV be transmitted through blood?
Through sharing needles or transfusions with infected blood.
p.42
Diagnostic Tests for STIs
What is a normal CD4 count range?
500 cells/mm3 to 1,000 cells/mm3.
p.50
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
Why is adherence to treatment important in nursing management?
To prevent the transmission of STIs.
p.46
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What should patients do to promote self-care regarding fatigue?
Keep a daily fatigue diary.
p.45
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What is the minimum number of active anti-retroviral medications used in HARRT?
At least 3 active anti-retroviral medications.
p.25
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What is the primary treatment for AOM?
Aggressive antibiotic therapy.
p.23
Common STIs in Hong Kong
What bacterium causes gonorrhea?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a gram-negative diplococcus.
p.11
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
What is the duration of the tertiary stage of syphilis?
1 to 35 years after exposure.
p.24
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
What is a common clinical manifestation in women with STIs?
Heavy, yellow-green purulent vaginal discharge.
p.13
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
What are common signs and symptoms of neurosyphilis?
Abnormal gait, numbness in the toes, feet or legs, blindness.
p.36
Risk Factors for STIs
What organization provides data on the risk of transmission for health-related issues?
Centre for Health Protection.
p.41
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
What are some late-stage clinical manifestations of HIV?
Opportunistic infections and certain cancers.
p.47
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
How can nurses promote nutrition in patients?
By increasing the availability of food and teaching nutritional requirements.
p.48
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What types of pain are addressed in nursing management?
Acute and chronic pain, including arthralgia, myalgia, and neuropathy.
p.48
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What are some causes of pain in patients with opportunistic infections (OIs) or cancers?
Arthralgia, myalgia, neuropathy, side effects of medications, and co-morbidities like diabetic neuropathy.
p.9
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
What are the potential consequences of untreated syphilis?
It carries potentially serious consequences.
p.42
Diagnostic Tests for STIs
What does a Western blot test detect?
Specific proteins/antibodies, such as HIV, in a blood sample.
p.11
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
What is the duration of the latent stage of syphilis?
1 to 2 years after exposure, but can last as long as 50 years.
p.43
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What are the two main classes of reverse transcriptase inhibitors?
Nucleoside & nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nNRTI).
p.43
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
How do NRTIs inhibit reverse transcription?
By being incorporated into the newly synthesized viral DNA and preventing its further elongation.
p.16
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
What follows the initial symptoms in the clinical manifestation?
Numerous small vesicles with an erythematous border that become painful ulcers, crust, and heal with a scar in about 2 - 4 weeks.
p.39
HIV Infection and Its Impact on Mental Health
What vital cells in the human immune system does HIV infect?
Helper T cells (specifically CD4+ T cells), macrophages, and dendritic cells.
p.46
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What is an important aspect of managing sleep for patients?
Promote sleep and avoid sleep interruption.
p.10
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
What is a key characteristic of the primary stage of syphilis?
A painless oval ulcer (genital chancre) with a raised firm border appears around the genital organ, anus, or mouth.
How does the age of first sexual activity relate to STI risk?
Younger age to begin sexual activities increases STI risk.
p.16
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
What sensation do the vesicles cause?
A burning sensation, and they may rupture.
p.44
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
Which integrase inhibitor was the first to receive FDA approval?
Raltegravir, approved in October 2007.
p.19
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What is the primary goal of nursing management for certain viral infections?
To control signs and symptoms, as there is no cure.
p.25
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What is the recommended initial antibiotic for AOM?
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) as a single IM dose.
p.15
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What can trigger a recurrent episode of genital herpes?
Stress, infection, and trauma.
p.47
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What are common side effects of medications and infections that affect nutrition?
Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, altered taste, impaired swallowing or chewing, diarrhea, fatigue, depression, and impaired cognition.
p.6
STIs in Psychiatric Patients
What does the study by Kalichman et al. (1994) indicate about female psychiatric patients?
They are engaging in unsafe sex, increasing their risk of STIs.
p.26
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What must clients in drug therapy do?
Complete the course of medication.
p.48
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What should nurses do when administering pain medications?
Observe the effects and side effects of the medications.
p.26
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What should clients be informed about regarding common side effects?
They should be aware of the common side effects of the drug.
p.46
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
How can nurses help maintain patient comfort and safety?
By managing symptoms and ensuring a safe environment.
p.15
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
How is HSV transmitted?
By direct contact with the exudate during sexual activity.
What are examples of high-risk sexual activities?
Use of sex workers, multiple sex partners, sex with IV drug users and infected people, unprotected sex.
p.44
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What do integrase inhibitors do?
They inhibit the enzyme integrase, responsible for integrating viral DNA into the DNA of the infected cell.
p.42
Diagnostic Tests for STIs
What are OIs in the context of diagnostic tests?
Opportunistic infections.
p.35
Risk Factors for STIs
Can HIV be transmitted from mother to child?
Yes, during childbirth or breastfeeding.
p.2
Overview of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
What types of sexual activities can transmit STIs?
Oral, anal, and vaginal (penile) activities.
p.45
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What is the primary purpose of HARRT?
To suppress HIV replication in the blood.
p.50
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What does the acronym ABC stand for in STI prevention strategies?
Abstinence, Be faithful, and Condom use.
p.31
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What type of therapy involves using liquid nitrogen or a cryoprobe?
Cryotherapy (cold therapy).
p.39
HIV Infection and Its Impact on Mental Health
What are the three main mechanisms by which HIV leads to low levels of CD4+ T cells?
Direct viral killing of infected cells, increased rates of apoptosis in infected cells, and killing of infected CD4+ T cells by CD8 cytotoxic lymphocytes.
p.46
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
How can patients conserve energy during daily activities?
By sitting down to perform activities of daily living (ADLs).
How does poverty contribute to STI risk?
Poverty can limit access to healthcare and education, increasing STI risk.
p.15
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
How can a newborn be infected with genital herpes?
During vaginal delivery when active genital lesions are present.
p.2
Overview of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
What should be done regarding sexual partners of infected clients?
They need to be assessed.
p.32
HIV Infection and Its Impact on Mental Health
How is HIV primarily transmitted?
Through unprotected sexual contact, sharing needles, or from mother to child during childbirth.
p.14
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What should be done after syphilis treatment is completed?
Follow-up blood tests to check if the treatment has worked.
p.32
HIV Infection and Its Impact on Mental Health
What is the importance of early diagnosis of HIV?
It allows for timely treatment and management to prevent progression to AIDS.
p.29
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
Where may genital warts appear on the body?
On the penis, around the anus, and on the skin between the genital and anus.
p.11
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
What are some complications of untreated syphilis in the tertiary stage?
Bone or joint inflammation, cardiovascular problems, CNS problems, neurological and mental illness, and even death.
p.11
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
What can happen to a patient with untreated syphilis?
They may experience devastating and irreversible complications.
p.29
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
What is the initial appearance of genital warts caused by HPV?
Tiny, soft growths that are unnoticeable.
What type of intercourse is considered a high-risk activity for STIs?
Unprotected anal intercourse.
p.45
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What is a typical combination of medications in HARRT?
Typically 2 NRTIs plus an NNRTI or a PI.
p.13
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
What physical symptoms may accompany neurosyphilis?
Neck stiffness and tremors.
p.16
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
Do the symptoms tend to reappear?
Yes, they tend to reappear at the site of previous infection.
p.23
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What is essential for ensuring complete recovery from gonorrhea?
Follow-up after appropriate drug treatment.
p.24
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
What are common symptoms of STIs in men?
Dysuria and urinary frequency.
How does substance misuse affect STI risk?
Misuse of alcohol and drugs can impair judgment and lead to risky sexual behaviors.
p.44
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What is an example of a maturation inhibitor?
Bevirimat (not yet approved by FDA).
What is a potential long-term complication for women with STIs?
Scarring and occlusion of fallopian tubes.
p.2
Overview of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
Does having one STI provide immunity against future infections?
No, except for Hepatitis B.
p.31
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What surgical options are available for extensive warts?
CO2 lasers and simple surgical excision.
p.20
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
Why is the exudate from ruptured vesicles considered highly contagious?
Because it can spread the infection to others.
p.12
Diagnostic Tests for STIs
What does the Treponemal Pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) test identify?
The presence of Treponema pallidum, the bacteria that causes syphilis.
p.19
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
How is severe signs and symptoms treated?
With IV Acyclovir for 5-7 days.
p.51
HIV Infection and Its Impact on Mental Health
What feelings might HIV patients experience related to their mental health?
Feelings of hopelessness and helplessness.
p.19
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What is the recommended antiviral agent for acute primary infection?
Acyclovir (Zovirax), taken orally for 7-10 days.
p.39
HIV Infection and Its Impact on Mental Health
What happens when CD4+ T cell numbers decline below a critical level?
Cell-mediated immunity is lost, making the body more susceptible to opportunistic infections.
p.10
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
What are some symptoms of the secondary stage of syphilis?
Generalized non-pruritic rash on palms and soles, mucous patches in the mouth, generalized non-tender lymphadenopathy, flu-like symptoms, and patchy hair loss.
What role does recreational drug use play in STI risk?
Recreational drug use can lead to risky sexual behaviors and increased STI exposure.
p.14
Health Education and Prevention Strategies for STIs
Why is health education important for clients with syphilis?
To help them cope with the disease and address feelings of embarrassment.
p.23
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
Is gonorrhea curable?
Yes, gonorrhea is curable with appropriate drug treatment.
p.32
HIV Infection and Its Impact on Mental Health
What can untreated HIV lead to?
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
p.14
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What is the treatment for later latent stage syphilis?
Weekly penicillin IMI for 3 weeks.
p.12
Diagnostic Tests for STIs
What is the Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption test (FTA-Abs) used for?
To confirm a syphilis diagnosis.
p.32
HIV Infection and Its Impact on Mental Health
What role does mental health play in managing HIV?
Mental health support is crucial for adherence to treatment and coping with the diagnosis.
p.43
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
How do nNRTIs inhibit reverse transcription?
By binding directly to the enzyme and interfering with its function.
p.46
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What should be planned ahead to help manage fatigue?
Activities and an exercise schedule.
p.40
HIV Infection and Its Impact on Mental Health
What is the final stage of HIV infection?
AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome).
p.25
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What is the follow-up antibiotic after the initial treatment for AOM?
Oral doxycycline (Vibramycin).
p.51
HIV Infection and Its Impact on Mental Health
How does poor mental health affect health appointments for HIV patients?
It makes it harder for them to keep their health appointments.
p.40
HIV Infection and Its Impact on Mental Health
What is a key feature of the AIDS stage?
Severe immune system damage leading to opportunistic infections.
p.29
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
What colors can genital warts be?
White, red, skin-colored, or darker than surrounding skin.
p.10
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
What happens to the sore in the primary stage of syphilis?
It usually clears up spontaneously within 4 to 6 weeks.
p.24
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
What are two symptoms of dysuria in women?
Cervical erythema and urinary frequency.
p.44
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
Name two currently available entry inhibitors.
Maraviroc and enfuvirtide.
p.29
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
Why is it difficult to confirm the timing of genital warts appearance?
Because they can take a long time to develop.
p.20
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What type of support is important for clients dealing with STIs?
Psychosocial support and support groups.
p.20
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What is a key nursing management strategy to prevent reinfection?
Educate clients on hand washing techniques and remind them to wash hands after touching lesions.
p.13
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
What sudden changes may occur in a person's personality due to neurosyphilis?
Sudden personality changes, depression, and irritability.
What complication can occur in women due to STIs?
Salpingitis (inflammation of the fallopian tubes).
p.29
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
What do genital warts resemble?
Cauliflower-like growths.
p.10
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
Can symptoms of secondary syphilis disappear without treatment?
Yes, symptoms may disappear even without treatment.
p.25
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
Which fluoroquinolone antibiotics can be used for AOM?
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) and Ofloxacin (Floxin).
p.51
HIV Infection and Its Impact on Mental Health
What impact does poor mental health have on HIV patients?
It makes it harder for them to take their HIV medicines on time.
p.2
Overview of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
Can different STIs coexist in the same client?
Yes, different STIs frequently coexist.
p.44
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What is the purpose of maturation inhibitors?
To prevent HIV from properly assembling and maturing, forming a protective outer coat, or emerging from human cells.
p.32
HIV Infection and Its Impact on Mental Health
What are common symptoms of HIV infection?
Flu-like symptoms, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes.
p.45
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
How does HARRT help in preventing drug resistance?
By preventing the virus from rapidly developing resistance to individual ARVs.
p.32
HIV Infection and Its Impact on Mental Health
What is the primary effect of HIV on the body?
It attacks the immune system, specifically CD4 cells.
p.46
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What natural techniques can be used for fatigue management?
Progressive relaxation and acupressure.
p.43
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What do protease inhibitors (PIs) target?
Viral assembly by inhibiting the activity of protease.
p.10
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
What type of rash appears during the secondary stage of syphilis?
A generalized non-pruritic rash on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
p.10
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
What are mucous patches in the context of secondary syphilis?
Gray and superficial patches that occur on the mucous membranes in the mouth.
p.20
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What are some methods to relieve pain for infected individuals?
Keep the infected area clean and dry, wear loose-fitting non-synthetic underwear, and take sitz baths with analgesics.
p.40
HIV Infection and Its Impact on Mental Health
What characterizes the Chronic HIV Infection stage?
The virus is active but reproduces at very low levels.
p.45
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What are other names for HARRT?
Drug 'cocktail' or triple therapy.
p.23
Risk Factors for STIs
How is gonorrhea almost always transmitted?
By direct sexual contact.
p.51
HIV Infection and Its Impact on Mental Health
How is HIV infection related to mental health?
HIV infection is closely linked with psychiatric problems.
p.44
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
How do entry inhibitors work?
They interfere with the binding, fusion, and entry of HIV-1 to the host cell by blocking specific targets.
p.31
Health Education and Prevention Strategies for STIs
What should clients be educated about regarding AOM?
That the disease has no cure and to be alert for signs and symptoms of malignancy such as cervical cancer.
p.19
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What is the alternative antiviral agent for recurrence episodes?
Valacyclovir (Valtrex) for 5 days.
p.23
Overview of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
Can the causative agent of gonorrhea survive outside the body?
No, it cannot survive outside the body.
p.51
HIV Infection and Its Impact on Mental Health
What healthy behaviors can be interfered with due to poor mental health in HIV patients?
Getting enough sleep, exercise, and avoiding risk behaviors like unprotected sex.
p.23
Common STIs in Hong Kong
What is a rare mode of transmission for gonorrhea?
Infants being infected during vaginal birth.
p.13
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
How can neurosyphilis affect mental stability?
It can cause confusion, disorientation, poor concentration, and memory problems.
What is a risk factor related to coercion in sexual activities?
Being forced to engage in sexual activities.
p.14
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What is the recommended treatment for primary, secondary, and early latent stage syphilis?
Single dose of Benzathine penicillin G IMI.
p.20
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What should clients avoid doing with towels to prevent spreading infection?
Do not use the same towel to touch their eyes during grooming.
p.4
Common STIs in Hong Kong
What type of infection is Genital Herpes type II?
A common STI in Hong Kong.
p.16
Clinical Manifestations of STIs
How does the severity of reappearing symptoms compare to the initial outbreak?
The symptoms will be similar but with lesser severity.
p.39
HIV Infection and Its Impact on Mental Health
What is apoptosis in the context of HIV infection?
Increased rates of programmed cell death in infected cells.
p.40
HIV Infection and Its Impact on Mental Health
What happens during the Acute HIV Infection stage?
Flu-like symptoms may occur as the body responds to the virus.
p.19
Nursing Management for Syphilis and Genital Herpes
What is the treatment approach for frequent recurrences (more than 6 episodes per year)?
Suppressive therapy with Acyclovir (Zovirax) daily for 4 months to 3 years.
