What is the first step in differential diagnosis?
History taking.
What forms the pelvic floor?
Soft tissues covering the outlet of the pelvis.
1/307
p.38
Differential Diagnosis

What is the first step in differential diagnosis?

History taking.

p.23
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What forms the pelvic floor?

Soft tissues covering the outlet of the pelvis.

p.30
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

What is the role of sutures and fontanelles in the fetal skull during labor?

They allow overriding of the fetal skull.

p.12
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What does the pelvis protect?

The internal and external reproductive organs.

p.7
Pregnancy Terminology

What does Gravida represent in a pregnant history?

The number of times a woman has been pregnant.

p.20
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

How is labor progress determined?

By examination of the external os, measuring dilatation from 0cm to 10cm.

p.27
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What are the frontal bones in the fetal skull?

The left and right frontal bones.

p.40
Breast Anatomy and Lactation Physiology

What are the main components of breast tissue?

Glandular tissue, adipose tissue, and connective tissue.

p.17
Zygote and Embryo Development

What role does the uterus play in fetal development?

It allows for fetus development.

p.22
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What is one function of the vagina related to menstrual flow?

It serves as a passage for menstrual flow.

p.35
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

What are two potential complications of improperly treated cephalohaematoma?

Anaemia and meningitis.

p.17
Zygote and Embryo Development

What does the uterus accept from the fallopian tube?

Fertilized ovum.

p.40
Breast Anatomy and Lactation Physiology

What role does oxytocin play in lactation?

It stimulates milk ejection from the mammary glands.

p.14
Pelvic Types and Their Impact on Delivery

What type of pelvis is most favorable for labor or vaginal delivery?

Gynaecoid pelvis.

p.52
Placenta Functions and Structure

Where is the placenta located?

At the site where the embryo attaches to the uterine wall, normally in the upper uterine segment.

p.38
Differential Diagnosis

What is the third step in differential diagnosis?

Nursing observation & assessment.

p.42
Pregnancy Terminology

What academic year does NUR502 AY24 - 25 refer to?

Academic Year 2024 - 2025.

p.15
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What is the shape of the uterus?

Pear-shaped.

p.13
Pelvic Types and Their Impact on Delivery

What are the four types of pelvis?

Anthropoid, Platypelloid, Gynaecoid, Android.

p.42
Pregnancy Terminology

What does the code NUR502 represent?

A specific nursing course.

p.27
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

Which bones are referred to as the parietal bones in the fetal skull?

The left and right parietal bones.

p.44
Breast Anatomy and Lactation Physiology

Which hormones prepare the breasts for lactation?

Oestrogen and progesterone.

p.3
Pregnancy Terminology

What does 'Antenatal' refer to?

Before birth.

p.18
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

What is the hollow part of the cervix called?

Cervical canal.

p.44
Breast Anatomy and Lactation Physiology

What hormone stimulates mammary glands to produce milk?

Prolactin.

p.46
Pregnancy Terminology

What is fertility?

The natural capability to produce offspring.

p.48
Zygote and Embryo Development

What forms when the head of the sperm swells after entering the ovum?

The male pronucleus.

p.4
Pregnancy Terminology

What is the average duration of pregnancy in days?

280 days, or 40 weeks.

p.48
Zygote and Embryo Development

What happens to the chromosomes of the male and female pronucleus during fertilization?

They align to form a full chromosomal complement in the fertilized ovum.

p.11
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What are the two main components of the birth canal?

1. Rigid bony pelvis and uterus; 2. Soft tissues and muscles of the cervix, pelvic floor, and vagina.

p.52
Placenta Functions and Structure

What is the primary function of the placenta?

It serves as a means of metabolic and nutrient exchange between the embryonic and maternal circulation.

p.34
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

What is cephalohaematoma?

Bleeding between the periosteum and the skull due to pressure during birth.

p.24
Pelvic Types and Their Impact on Delivery

What is one primary function of the pelvic floor?

Supports the weight of the abdominal and pelvic organs.

p.25
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What is the primary function of the uterus?

To house and nourish a developing fetus during pregnancy.

p.36
Pregnancy Terminology

What is the course code mentioned?

NUR502.

p.63
Fetal Membranes and Amniotic Fluid Functions

What is the appearance of amniotic fluid?

Clear, pale straw-colored, and slightly alkaline.

p.25
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What are the main parts of the uterus?

The fundus, body, and cervix.

p.18
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

How much of the cervix projects into the vagina?

Half of the cervix.

p.42
Pregnancy Terminology

What is the name associated with the course NUR502?

Candy Tsoi.

p.1
Zygote and Embryo Development

What is an embryo?

The developmental stage of the zygote from implantation to 5-8 weeks.

p.29
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What are fontanelles?

Membranous, non-ossified areas of the skull where three or more sutures meet.

p.34
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

What does cephalopelvic disproportion refer to?

When the baby's head is larger than the mother's pelvic opening.

p.35
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

What can happen if cephalohaematoma is improperly treated?

It can lead to permanent brain damage.

p.58
Placenta Functions and Structure

What structures on the fetal side of the placenta facilitate exchange?

Chorionic villi.

p.67
Fetal Development Stages

When does the first fetal movement (quickening) typically start to be detected by a primigravida mother?

Between 16 to 22 weeks.

p.10
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What is the significance of understanding anatomy in obstetric nursing?

It helps in assessing and managing the health of the mother and fetus.

p.43
Breast Anatomy and Lactation Physiology

What hormonal change occurs after delivery that affects milk production?

Estrogen and progesterone levels decrease.

p.56
Placenta Functions and Structure

What types of infections can the placenta protect against?

It protects against bacterial infections but not viruses and certain smaller organisms.

p.60
Umbilical Cord Anatomy and Function

What surrounds the umbilical cord?

Wharton's jelly.

p.31
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

What is the most favorable shape for dilating the cervix during vaginal delivery?

Vertex presentation (fully flexed head).

p.45
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What is the primary focus of the course NUR502?

The anatomy and physiology of fertility, conception, and pregnancy.

p.65
Amniotic Fluid Functions

What is one function of amniotic fluid during labor?

It equalizes uterine pressure during contractions to protect the placenta and umbilical cord.

p.23
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What structures pass through the pelvic floor?

The urethra, vagina, and anal canal.

p.12
Pelvic Types and Their Impact on Delivery

How does the size and shape of a woman's pelvis affect childbirth?

It can affect her ability to deliver vaginally.

p.65
Amniotic Fluid Functions

How does amniotic fluid aid in cervical changes during labor?

It aids in the effacement of the cervix and dilatation of the cervical os.

p.38
Differential Diagnosis

What is the second step in differential diagnosis?

Physical examination.

p.30
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

How do sutures and fontanelles affect the shape of the fetal skull?

They temporarily alter the shape.

p.10
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What is the focus of obstetric nursing?

Care for women during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum.

p.1
Zygote and Embryo Development

What is a zygote?

A fertilized ovum produced by the fusion of ovum and spermatozoon, from fertilization to implantation.

p.20
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

What occurs during the onset of labor regarding the cervix?

Effacement and dilatation.

p.59
Pregnancy Terminology

What is the name associated with the course NUR502?

Candy Tsoi.

p.66
Fetal Development Stages

What is the primary focus of fetal development?

The growth and maturation of the fetus during pregnancy.

p.52
Placenta Functions and Structure

What is the typical color and shape of the placenta?

Purplish red in color and round in shape.

p.36
Pregnancy Terminology

Who are the authors of the referenced work?

Nichols & Zwelling.

p.57
Placenta Functions and Structure

What structures make up the fetal side of the placenta?

Chorionic villi.

p.19
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

What is the role of the cervix os during pregnancy from the second to third trimester?

It remains closed until the onset of labor.

p.34
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

What are some reasons for cephalohaematoma?

Difficult or prolonged birth, cephalopelvic disproportion, big baby, abnormal presentation, and use of birth-assisting tools.

p.10
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What is the role of the nurse in obstetric care?

To provide support, education, and medical care to pregnant women.

p.35
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

What is a characteristic of cephalohaematoma regarding healing?

Usually heals without any major medical intervention.

p.51
Zygote and Embryo Development

What is the blastocyst in fetal development?

The inner cell mass that develops into embryonic cells.

p.40
Breast Anatomy and Lactation Physiology

What is the primary function of breasts?

To produce milk for lactation.

p.59
Pregnancy Terminology

What academic year does NUR502 AY24 - 25 refer to?

Academic Year 2024 - 2025.

p.30
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

Why are sutures and fontanelles important during vaginal examinations?

They serve as guiding points in locating the position.

p.67
Fetal Development Stages

What is the period defined as the fetal stage of development?

From the end of the 8th week until birth.

p.61
Umbilical Cord Anatomy and Function

What is one of the primary functions of the umbilical cord?

To transport oxygen and nutrients to the fetus from the mother.

p.18
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

What part of the uterus does the cervix constitute?

The lower third of the uterus.

p.60
Umbilical Cord Anatomy and Function

What does the umbilical cord extend from and to?

From the placenta to the umbilicus of the fetus.

p.2
Pregnancy Terminology

What is the term for the period of time at the end of a pregnancy when a baby might be expected to be born normally?

Term.

p.51
Zygote and Embryo Development

What systems are formed by the mesoderm?

Skeletal, urinary, circulatory, and reproductive systems.

p.61
Umbilical Cord Anatomy and Function

What is a true knot in relation to the umbilical cord?

An abnormality where the cord twists into a knot.

p.49
Zygote and Embryo Development

What forms when a sperm and ovum unite?

A zygote (46 chromosomes).

p.7
Pregnancy Terminology

If a woman is pregnant for the first time with no history of abortion, how would you write Parity?

Parity: 0

p.66
Fetal Development Stages

What significant changes occur during the fetal stage?

Rapid growth and maturation of organs and systems.

p.49
Zygote and Embryo Development

What is the next stage after the zygote during cell division?

Morula.

p.56
Placenta Functions and Structure

What type of immunity does the placenta provide to the fetus?

Passive immunity, such as the transfer of some IgG from the mother.

p.46
Pregnancy Terminology

What are some factors that human fertility depends on?

Nutrition, sexual behavior, culture, instinct, endocrinology, timing, economics, way of life, and emotions.

p.17
Zygote and Embryo Development

How does the uterus provide nourishment to the implanted ovum?

By deriving nourishment from blood.

p.2
Pregnancy Terminology

What are the two types of abortion?

Spontaneous and induced.

p.21
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What color are the vaginal walls in the pre-pregnant stage?

Pink.

p.2
Pregnancy Terminology

What is stillbirth?

The fetus born without signs of life at or after 24 weeks of gestation, or with a birth weight over 500 grams when the gestation is uncertain.

p.53
Placenta Functions and Structure

How much does the placenta weigh compared to the baby's birth weight?

About 1/6 of the birth weight (400 - 600 gm).

p.64
Amniotic Fluid Functions

How does amniotic fluid affect fetal movement?

It promotes fetal movement.

p.21
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What is the function of the rugae in the vagina?

They allow the vaginal walls to stretch and become smooth during childbirth.

p.44
Breast Anatomy and Lactation Physiology

What do mental and physical stimuli stimulate the secretion of?

Prolactin and oxytocin.

p.53
Placenta Functions and Structure

What are cotyledons in the placenta?

Vascular units for the exchange of gases and nutrients.

p.50
Fetal Membranes and Amniotic Fluid Functions

What is the chorion?

The outermost protective membrane around the embryo.

p.37
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

Can cephalohaematoma cross a suture line?

No, it never crosses a suture line.

p.37
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

How does caput succedaneum change over time?

Tends to grow less as it gradually subsides.

p.37
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

Does caput succedaneum pit on pressure?

Yes, it pits on pressure (oedematous swelling).

p.63
Fetal Membranes and Amniotic Fluid Functions

What is amniotic fluid?

Fluid that surrounds the growing fetus during pregnancy.

p.57
Placenta Functions and Structure

How does fetal blood flow to the chorionic villi?

Through the umbilical cord.

p.24
Pelvic Types and Their Impact on Delivery

What role does the pelvic floor play in elimination?

Responsible for the voluntary control of elimination.

p.66
Fetal Development Stages

During which stage does the major organ systems begin to develop?

Embryonic stage.

p.34
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

What birth-assisting tools can contribute to cephalohaematoma?

Forceps or vacuum delivery.

p.40
Breast Anatomy and Lactation Physiology

What hormone is primarily responsible for milk production?

Prolactin.

p.58
Placenta Functions and Structure

How does fetal blood flow to the chorionic villi?

Through the umbilical cord.

p.4
Pregnancy Terminology

What does EDC stand for in obstetric nursing?

Estimated Date of Confinement.

p.29
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What is the size and shape of the posterior fontanelle?

Small size and triangular shape.

p.47
Fetal Development Stages

What weeks does the embryonic stage cover?

From week 3 through week 8.

p.22
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What role does the vagina play in preventing infections?

It acts as a barrier to prevent ascending infection due to its acid secretion.

p.64
Amniotic Fluid Functions

What is one function of amniotic fluid during pregnancy?

Maintain constant temperature.

p.21
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What are the main components of the vagina's structure?

Muscle layers.

p.44
Breast Anatomy and Lactation Physiology

What role does oxytocin play in milk production?

It stimulates milk ejection.

p.49
Zygote and Embryo Development

What is the outer cell mass of the morula called?

Trophoblast.

p.3
Pregnancy Terminology

What is 'Gestational age'?

The length of pregnancy after the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP).

p.41
Breast Anatomy and Lactation Physiology

How do fat and fibrous tissue in the breast respond to hormones?

They are sensitive to hormones, causing milk ductal sprouting and branching.

p.5
Pregnancy Terminology

What does 'Gravid' mean?

Pregnant.

p.50
Placenta Functions and Structure

What are chorionic villi?

Structures that invade the endometrium and are part of the placenta.

p.37
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

When is cephalohaematoma present?

Not present at birth, but appears after birth.

p.5
Pregnancy Terminology

What is a Multipara (P2 or above)?

A woman who has delivered more than one viable child.

p.37
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

What does the size of caput succedaneum depend on?

The rate of labor progress.

p.66
Fetal Development Stages

What are the key stages of fetal development?

Germinal, embryonic, and fetal stages.

p.67
Fetal Development Stages

What occurs during the fetal stage?

Dramatic growth and refinement of all organ systems.

p.61
Umbilical Cord Anatomy and Function

What does the umbilical cord transport away from the fetus?

Waste products to the mother for excretion.

p.8
Pregnancy Terminology

What does Parity indicate in pregnancy history?

The number of pregnancies that have reached a viable gestational age.

p.63
Fetal Membranes and Amniotic Fluid Functions

What is the typical volume of amniotic fluid in a singleton pregnancy?

About 1,000 ml.

p.29
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

At what age does the anterior fontanelle close?

18 months.

p.57
Placenta Functions and Structure

How do oxygen, nutrients, and other substances exchange between maternal and fetal blood?

Through diffusion and active transport.

p.8
Pregnancy Terminology

What is the Gravida and Parity notation for a woman who is pregnant for the first time with no history of abortion?

G1P0.

p.3
Pregnancy Terminology

What is the meaning of 'Intrapartum'?

During labor.

p.17
Zygote and Embryo Development

Where does the ovum implant in the uterus?

Into the endometrium.

p.51
Fetal Membranes and Amniotic Fluid Functions

What is the amnion?

The innermost thin protective membrane that combines with chorion to form the amniotic sac.

p.62
Fetal Membranes and Amniotic Fluid Functions

What is the function of the Chorion?

It is the outer membrane lining the uterine cavity and is continuous with the edge of the placenta.

p.41
Breast Anatomy and Lactation Physiology

When do hormonal influences on the breast begin during pregnancy?

In the first trimester.

p.43
Breast Anatomy and Lactation Physiology

What can mammary glands produce before birth?

Colostrum.

p.33
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

Where does edema occur in caput succedaneum?

In the skin superficial to the skull and periosteum.

p.6
Pregnancy Terminology

What does 'Multigravida' mean?

A woman who is pregnant more than once.

p.21
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What are the small folds in the vaginal lining called?

Rugae.

p.43
Breast Anatomy and Lactation Physiology

How is milk transported and stored in the breast?

Milk is transported in lactiferous ducts and stored in lactiferous sinus.

p.55
Placenta Functions and Structure

What is the significance of glucose for the fetus?

It provides energy release.

p.62
Fetal Membranes and Amniotic Fluid Functions

What does the Amniotic sac contain?

Amniotic fluid.

p.55
Placenta Functions and Structure

What is the role of iron in fetal development?

It is important for blood formation.

p.5
Pregnancy Terminology

What is a Nullipara (P0)?

A woman who has never given birth to a viable child.

p.50
Fetal Membranes and Amniotic Fluid Functions

What is the purpose of amniotic fluid?

To protect the floating embryo.

p.16
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What is the body of the uterus referred to as?

Corpus.

p.37
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

Does cephalohaematoma pit on pressure?

No, it does not pit on pressure.

p.37
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

When does cephalohaematoma disappear?

Completely at about 4 - 6 weeks.

p.37
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

Is cephalohaematoma harmful?

Yes, it can cause neonatal jaundice, anemia, and brain damage.

p.8
Pregnancy Terminology

What does Gravida represent in pregnancy history?

The number of times a woman has been pregnant.

p.19
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

How does the cervix os support the baby during pregnancy?

It provides stable support for the baby's head.

p.29
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What is the shape of the anterior fontanelle?

Diamond or kite-shaped.

p.49
Zygote and Embryo Development

What is the duration of the pre-embryonic stage of fetal development?

From fertilization to the 2nd week.

p.19
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

What preparation does the cervix os allow for during pregnancy?

It allows the baby to descend into the uterus in preparation for birth.

p.66
Fetal Development Stages

What is the duration of the fetal stage?

From the 9th week of pregnancy until birth.

p.48
Zygote and Embryo Development

Where does fertilization take place?

In the ampulla of the fallopian tube.

p.15
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What lines the inside of the uterus?

Mucous membrane lining.

p.61
Umbilical Cord Anatomy and Function

What is a jelly cord?

An abnormality of the umbilical cord characterized by a gelatinous appearance.

p.27
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What are the temporal bones in the fetal skull?

The left and right temporal bones.

p.44
Breast Anatomy and Lactation Physiology

Where is prolactin produced?

In the anterior pituitary gland.

p.13
Pelvic Types and Their Impact on Delivery

Which pelvis type has a flat shape and is less common?

Platypelloid.

p.18
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

What are the two openings of the cervical canal?

External os and internal os.

p.6
Pregnancy Terminology

What is an 'Elderly primigravida'?

A woman who is pregnant for the first time at or above age 35.

p.53
Placenta Functions and Structure

What is the average thickness of the placenta?

2.5 - 3 cm.

p.43
Breast Anatomy and Lactation Physiology

How long after birth can mammary glands produce milk?

Several days after birth.

p.33
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

How does caput succedaneum typically heal?

Usually heals without any major medical intervention.

p.4
Pregnancy Terminology

What are the time frames for the three trimesters?

1st trimester: conception to 13 weeks 6 days; 2nd trimester: 14 weeks to 27 weeks 6 days; 3rd trimester: from 28 weeks till delivery.

p.3
Pregnancy Terminology

What is considered 'Full term' for a fetus?

Born between 37 – 42 weeks of gestation.

p.39
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

What should nurses monitor for in cases of caput succedaneum?

Neonatal jaundice.

p.3
Pregnancy Terminology

What is 'Post-term' in obstetric terms?

A fetus born after 42 weeks of gestation.

p.50
Placenta Functions and Structure

What is the function of the placenta?

To allow exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and remove waste products from fetal blood.

p.39
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

What should nurses monitor for in cases of cephalohematoma?

Growing size and hyperbilirubinemia.

p.39
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

What care should be taken when handling an infant's head?

Care should be taken for both caput succedaneum and cephalohematoma.

p.9
Pregnancy Terminology

What is the Gravida and Parity for a woman who is currently pregnant, has had 4 abortions, and has 1 baby girl?

Gravida: 6, Parity: 1. Write as G6P1.

p.16
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What are the three layers of the uterus?

Endometrium, Myometrium, and Perimetrium.

p.37
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

Is caput succedaneum harmful?

No harm done.

p.17
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What is one function of the uterus related to other organs?

Support bladder and bowel.

p.51
Zygote and Embryo Development

What does the ectoderm develop into?

Central nervous system, special senses, skin, and glands.

p.59
Pregnancy Terminology

What does the code NUR502 represent?

A specific nursing course.

p.57
Placenta Functions and Structure

What do chorionic villi project into?

Surrounding maternal capillaries with a pool of maternal blood.

p.13
Pelvic Types and Their Impact on Delivery

Which pelvis type is characterized by a rounded shape and is most favorable for childbirth?

Gynaecoid.

p.47
Fetal Development Stages

What is the duration of the pre-embryonic stage?

The first 2 weeks beginning with fertilization.

p.67
Fetal Development Stages

When can fetal movement be detected in multiparity mothers?

As early as 13 weeks.

p.63
Fetal Membranes and Amniotic Fluid Functions

What is the composition of amniotic fluid?

98% water and 2% organic matter.

p.25
Pelvic Types and Their Impact on Delivery

How does the shape of the pelvis affect delivery?

Different pelvic types can influence the ease and method of delivery.

p.2
Pregnancy Terminology

What does abortion refer to in obstetric nursing?

Ending of a pregnancy by removal or expulsion of an embryo or fetus before it can survive outside the uterus, before 24 weeks of gestation.

p.3
Pregnancy Terminology

What does 'Postpartum' mean?

After birth.

p.33
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

What is caput succedaneum?

An area of edema over the presenting part of the fetus or newborn due to pressure against the cervix during labor.

p.62
Fetal Membranes and Amniotic Fluid Functions

Describe the characteristics of the Chorion.

Thick, opaque, and friable.

p.41
Breast Anatomy and Lactation Physiology

Which hormones increase during pregnancy affecting breast tissue?

Oestrogen and progesterone.

p.62
Fetal Membranes and Amniotic Fluid Functions

What is the function of the Amnion?

It is the inner membrane lining the umbilical cord and chorion.

p.48
Zygote and Embryo Development

How quickly do the cell membranes fuse after the sperm enters the ovum?

Within 30 minutes.

p.32
Fetal Development Stages

What allows the fetal skull to change shape during birth?

The bones of the vault allow slight bending and overriding at the sutures.

p.4
Pregnancy Terminology

What does maturity refer to in obstetric terms?

The age of the fetus, also known as gestational age.

p.32
Fetal Development Stages

What is the purpose of molding of the fetal skull?

It is a protective mechanism that prevents the fetal brain from being compressed.

p.37
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

When is caput succedaneum present?

At birth.

p.5
Pregnancy Terminology

What does Primipara (P1) mean?

A woman who has delivered one viable child.

p.37
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

Can caput succedaneum cross a suture line?

Yes, it may cross a suture line.

p.9
Pregnancy Terminology

What is the Gravida and Parity for a woman who is pregnant for the first time with no history of abortion?

Gravida: 1, Parity: 0. Write as G1P0.

p.16
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What is the inner layer of the uterus called?

Endometrium.

p.56
Placenta Functions and Structure

What is one function of the placenta related to waste management?

Excretion of waste products through maternal circulation, such as CO2 and urea.

p.10
Fetal Development Stages

What are the key physiological changes during pregnancy?

Changes include increased blood volume, hormonal shifts, and changes in the cardiovascular system.

p.20
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

What is the role of the cervix during labor?

To allow the descent of the fetus and pass through the birth canal.

p.56
Placenta Functions and Structure

How does the placenta act as a protective barrier?

It provides a limited barrier to some bacterial infections and drugs from the mother.

p.36
Pregnancy Terminology

What academic year does AY24 - 25 refer to?

Academic Year 2024 - 2025.

p.41
Breast Anatomy and Lactation Physiology

What are the main components of breast anatomy?

Fat, fibrous tissue, and mammary glands.

p.51
Zygote and Embryo Development

What does the endoderm develop into?

Respiratory system, liver, pancreas, and digestive system.

p.6
Pregnancy Terminology

What does 'Primigravida' refer to?

A woman who is pregnant for the first time.

p.55
Placenta Functions and Structure

What is the primary respiratory function of the placenta?

The fetus obtains oxygen from maternal circulation by simple diffusion and gives off CO2 to maternal circulation.

p.67
Fetal Development Stages

What is the normal weight range for full-term infants?

2,500 grams (about 5.5 lbs) to 4,000 grams (about 8.75 lbs).

p.6
Pregnancy Terminology

What is considered 'Advanced maternal age'?

Pregnant women above age 35.

p.53
Placenta Functions and Structure

What is the average diameter of the placenta?

About 20 cm.

p.60
Umbilical Cord Anatomy and Function

What type of blood do the umbilical arteries carry?

Deoxygenated blood.

p.3
Pregnancy Terminology

Define 'Labour' in obstetric terms.

The process by which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled through the birth canal after the 24th week of gestation.

p.60
Umbilical Cord Anatomy and Function

What type of blood does the umbilical vein carry?

Oxygenated blood.

p.55
Placenta Functions and Structure

What role do amino acids play in fetal development?

They are essential for tissue building.

p.5
Pregnancy Terminology

What does 'Gravida' (G) refer to in obstetric nursing?

The number of pregnancies of a pregnant woman.

p.53
Placenta Functions and Structure

What color is the maternal surface of the placenta?

Dark red.

p.39
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

What is the primary treatment approach for cephalohematoma?

Observational and reassurance.

p.9
Pregnancy Terminology

What is the Gravida and Parity for a woman who is pregnant for the third time and has 1 boy and 1 girl?

Gravida: 3, Parity: 2. Write as G3P2.

p.7
Pregnancy Terminology

What does Parity represent in a pregnant history?

The number of pregnancies that have reached a viable gestational age.

p.1
Fetal Development Stages

What is a fetus?

An unborn child from the 8th week until term.

p.15
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What type of wall does the uterus have?

Thick muscular wall.

p.7
Pregnancy Terminology

If a woman is pregnant for the first time with no history of abortion, how would you write Gravida?

Gravida: 1

p.60
Umbilical Cord Anatomy and Function

What is the average length and diameter of the umbilical cord?

About 50 cm in length and 2 cm in diameter.

p.27
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What is the name of the bone located at the back of the fetal skull?

Occipital bone.

p.22
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

How does the vagina facilitate reproduction?

It acts as a passage for spermatozoa deposited during sexual intercourse.

p.24
Pelvic Types and Their Impact on Delivery

What can pelvic floor injury during childbirth lead to?

Incontinence and uterine prolapse.

p.18
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

What is the function of the mucus plug in the cervical canal?

To prevent ascending infection.

p.63
Fetal Membranes and Amniotic Fluid Functions

What are some components of the organic matter in amniotic fluid?

Nutrients, electrolytes, metabolites/waste products, fetal skin cells, vernix, and lanugo.

p.43
Breast Anatomy and Lactation Physiology

What happens to the alveoli during milk ejection?

They contract and eject milk into the ducts through the nipple.

p.47
Fetal Development Stages

When does the fetal stage begin and end?

From week 8 through birth.

p.15
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

How is the uterus normally positioned?

Bent slightly forward (anteflexion).

p.47
Fetal Development Stages

How many total weeks are there in fetal development?

40 weeks.

p.64
Amniotic Fluid Functions

What role does amniotic fluid play in fetal growth?

It permits symmetric growth and development.

p.32
Fetal Development Stages

What is molding of the fetal skull?

Change of shape of the fetal head during passage through the birth canal.

p.44
Breast Anatomy and Lactation Physiology

What triggers the let-down reflex?

Mental and physical stimuli, such as seeing the baby or baby suckling.

p.49
Zygote and Embryo Development

Where does implantation occur?

In the endometrium.

p.64
Amniotic Fluid Functions

What protective function does amniotic fluid serve for the fetus?

Cushions the fetus from trauma.

p.28
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

List two other types of sutures besides the frontal suture.

Coronal Suture and Sagittal Suture.

p.64
Amniotic Fluid Functions

What type of substances does amniotic fluid provide to the fetus?

Some nutritive substances.

p.53
Placenta Functions and Structure

What membranes cover the fetal surface of the placenta?

Amnion and chorion.

p.50
Fetal Membranes and Amniotic Fluid Functions

What does the chorion combine with to form the amniotic sac?

The amnion.

p.5
Pregnancy Terminology

What defines a Grand multipara (P5)?

A woman who has delivered five or more viable children.

p.37
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

Is cephalohaematoma unilateral or bilateral?

Bilateral is common (double cephalohaematoma).

p.24
Pelvic Types and Their Impact on Delivery

How does the pelvic floor assist during childbirth?

Supports the weight of the uterus and controls movements of the fetus through the birth canal.

p.25
Pelvic Types and Their Impact on Delivery

What role does the pelvic structure play in pregnancy?

It supports the uterus and facilitates childbirth.

p.2
Pregnancy Terminology

What is the normal duration of a human pregnancy?

37 - 42 weeks.

p.36
Pregnancy Terminology

What is the significance of the number 48 in the context?

It may refer to a specific page or section in the referenced work.

p.62
Fetal Membranes and Amniotic Fluid Functions

What are the two membranes of the fetal membranes?

Chorion and Amnion.

p.41
Breast Anatomy and Lactation Physiology

What type of network is rich in the breast?

Lymphatic network.

p.15
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What is a notable feature of the uterus regarding blood supply?

It has a rich blood supply.

p.55
Placenta Functions and Structure

How does the fetus receive oxygen?

Through simple diffusion from maternal circulation.

p.22
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What is the vagina's function during delivery?

It serves as the exit for the fetus during delivery.

p.46
Pregnancy Terminology

How does nutrition affect fertility?

Nutrition plays a crucial role in the natural capability to produce offspring.

p.28
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What are sutures in the context of the skull?

Areas of membranes which have not been ossified.

p.28
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

Name one type of suture in the skull.

Frontal Suture.

p.3
Pregnancy Terminology

What does 'Preterm' refer to?

A fetus born before 37 weeks of gestation.

p.28
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What is the lambdoid suture?

One of the sutures in the skull.

p.37
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

What does the size of cephalohaematoma depend on?

The degree of trauma.

p.9
Pregnancy Terminology

What is the Gravida and Parity for a woman who has 5-year-old twins and had 1 abortion last year?

Gravida: 3, Parity: 2. Write as G3P2.

p.37
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

When does caput succedaneum disappear?

Completely within 24 - 48 hours.

p.37
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

Is caput succedaneum unilateral or bilateral?

Unilateral (double caput is rare).

p.13
Pelvic Types and Their Impact on Delivery

What type of pelvis is typically narrow and elongated?

Anthropoid.

p.58
Placenta Functions and Structure

What surrounds the chorionic villi in the placenta?

Maternal capillaries with a pool of maternal blood.

p.8
Pregnancy Terminology

What does G1P0 signify?

Gravida 1 (first pregnancy) and Parity 0 (no viable births).

p.60
Umbilical Cord Anatomy and Function

How many vessels are in the umbilical cord and what are they?

2 umbilical arteries and 1 umbilical vein.

p.58
Placenta Functions and Structure

What processes allow the exchange of oxygen and nutrients between maternal and fetal blood?

Diffusion and active transport.

p.64
Amniotic Fluid Functions

How does amniotic fluid contribute to fluid balance during pregnancy?

It maintains fluid and electrolyte balance.

p.48
Zygote and Embryo Development

What is formed when the two cell membranes fuse after fertilization?

A single cell called the zygote.

p.44
Breast Anatomy and Lactation Physiology

Where is oxytocin produced?

In the posterior pituitary gland.

p.49
Zygote and Embryo Development

When does implantation occur after conception?

7-8 days.

p.50
Fetal Development Stages

What major structures develop during the embryonic stage?

Basic structures of the major body.

p.50
Placenta Functions and Structure

What does the trophoblast develop into?

The placenta.

p.32
Fetal Development Stages

What happens to the size of the presenting part of the fetal head during molding?

There is a reduction in the size of the presenting part.

p.53
Placenta Functions and Structure

What color is the fetal surface of the placenta?

Shiny white.

p.39
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

What is the typical resolution time for cephalohematoma?

Between two weeks to six months.

p.50
Fetal Membranes and Amniotic Fluid Functions

What is contained within the amniotic sac?

Amniotic fluid.

p.16
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What is the upper portion of the uterus called?

Fundus.

p.16
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What is the lower part of the uterus known as?

Cervix.

p.16
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What is the function of the endometrium?

Contains a rich blood supply.

p.16
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What is the outer layer of the uterus called?

Perimetrium.

p.43
Breast Anatomy and Lactation Physiology

Which hormone increases to initiate milk production after delivery?

Prolactin.

p.40
Breast Anatomy and Lactation Physiology

What is the significance of colostrum?

It is the first milk produced after childbirth, rich in antibodies.

p.29
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

At what age does the posterior fontanelle close?

6 weeks.

p.49
Zygote and Embryo Development

What is the inner cell mass of the morula called?

Blastocyst.

p.4
Pregnancy Terminology

What is another term for Estimated Delivery Date?

Expected Date of Delivery (EDD).

p.55
Placenta Functions and Structure

What nutrients are transported to the fetus through the placenta?

Amino acids, glucose, calcium, phosphate, iron, water, and vitamins.

p.4
Pregnancy Terminology

What is a trimester in the context of pregnancy?

A period of one third of a pregnancy.

p.28
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

When does the frontal suture fuse?

In early adulthood when ossification of the skull completes.

p.46
Pregnancy Terminology

How can emotions influence fertility?

Emotions can impact reproductive health and the ability to conceive.

p.55
Placenta Functions and Structure

Why are calcium and phosphate important for the fetus?

They are crucial for bone and teeth development.

p.5
Pregnancy Terminology

What is 'Para' or 'Parity' (P) in obstetric terms?

The number of births to an infant, alive or dead, after 24 weeks or over 500 grams.

p.32
Fetal Development Stages

What conditions can make molding of the fetal skull harmful?

If it is excessive, too rapid, or in an unfavorable direction.

p.53
Placenta Functions and Structure

Where is the umbilical cord inserted in the placenta?

On the fetal surface.

p.39
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

When should a referral to appropriate neonatal care be made?

In cases of cephalohematoma.

p.37
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

How does cephalohaematoma change over time?

May increase in size in the first 1 to 2 days.

p.51
Umbilical Cord Anatomy and Function

What is the function of the umbilical cord?

Supplies blood and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus.

p.13
Pelvic Types and Their Impact on Delivery

What is the characteristic shape of an Android pelvis?

Heart-shaped.

p.50
Fetal Development Stages

What is the period of the embryonic stage of fetal development?

From the end of the 2nd week through the 8th week.

p.46
Pregnancy Terminology

What role does timing play in human fertility?

Timing is essential for successful reproduction.

p.39
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

What is the primary treatment approach for caput succedaneum?

Observational and reassurance.

p.62
Fetal Membranes and Amniotic Fluid Functions

Describe the characteristics of the Amnion.

Smooth, transparent, and tough.

p.39
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

How long does it typically take for caput succedaneum to self-resolve?

Within forty-eight hours.

p.64
Amniotic Fluid Functions

How does amniotic fluid help with umbilical cord health?

It prevents umbilical cord compression.

p.39
Cervical Role in Pregnancy and Labor

What is an important aspect of parent education regarding caput succedaneum?

Discuss variances and when they should resolve.

p.16
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What are the three sections of the uterus?

Fundus, Corpus, and Cervix.

p.16
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

What is the thick muscular wall of the uterus known as?

Myometrium.

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Study Smarter, Not Harder