p.16
Mechanism of E. coli Swimming
What is the swimming speed of E. coli in terms of body lengths per second?
1 body length per second.
p.12
Bacterial Flagella Structure and Function
In which directions can bacterial flagella rotate?
Bacterial flagella can rotate both ways.
p.28
Terminology: Mobile vs. Motile Cells
What is the difference between cell mobility and cell motility?
Cell mobility refers to the ability of cells to move within an organism, while cell motility refers to the mechanisms and structures that enable cells to move.
p.23
Medical Significance of Flagella
What is the medical significance of spirochetes with axial filaments?
Spirochetes, such as those causing Lyme disease and syphilis, use their axial filaments to penetrate host tissues.
p.14
Medical Significance of Flagella
How many flagella does E. coli typically have per cell?
E. coli typically has 4 to 8 flagella per cell.
p.5
Bacterial Flagella Structure and Function
On which types of bacteria are flagella found?
Flagella are found on certain Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
p.26
Corkscrew Motion of Spirochetes
How does a Spirochete swim towards food?
By corkscrewing forwards to run and corkscrewing backwards to tumble.
p.9
Overview of Prokaryotic Cell Movement
What is the main function of the plasma membrane in cells?
The plasma membrane regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
p.23
Bacterial Axial Filaments in Spirochetes
Where is the axial filament located in spirochetes?
It is located between the outer membrane and the cell wall, in the periplasmic space.
p.25
Corkscrew Motion of Spirochetes
What happens when the axial filament rotates in spirochetes?
The entire cell is twisted like a corkscrew.
p.7
Bacterial Flagella Structure and Function
What is the structure of bacterial flagella?
A hollow protein tube made of Flagellin proteins.
p.13
Bacterial Flagella Structure and Function
What powers transporters and flagella in bacteria?
The proton gradient created by proton pumps.
p.2
Overview of Prokaryotic Cell Movement
What are the main topics covered in the lecture on prokaryotic cell movement?
Overview, Bacteria flagella, How does an E. coli swim towards food?, Bacteria axial filaments, How does a Spirochete swim towards food?, Comparison.
p.14
Medical Significance of Flagella
What is the medical significance of E. coli O157:H7?
E. coli O157:H7 is a pathogenic strain that can cause severe foodborne illness.
p.14
Medical Significance of Flagella
What is flagellin?
Flagellin is the protein that makes up the filament of bacterial flagella.
p.4
Chemotaxis in Bacteria
What is one advantage of motility in prokaryotes related to food?
Motility allows prokaryotes to swim towards food through chemotaxis.
p.23
Bacterial Axial Filaments in Spirochetes
What is the function of the axial filament in spirochetes?
It enables the corkscrew motion that allows spirochetes to move through viscous environments.
p.2
Corkscrew Motion of Spirochetes
How does a spirochete swim towards food?
A spirochete swims towards food using its axial filaments to move in a corkscrew motion.
p.24
Bacterial Axial Filaments in Spirochetes
How is the structure of bacterial axial filaments similar to flagella?
They are like flagella but are stuck to the cell wall.
p.10
Bacterial Flagella Structure and Function
How are new flagellins transported during flagellum assembly?
New flagellins travel inside the flagellum to the cap.
p.17
Running and Tumbling Behavior in E. coli
What type of rotation causes a 'run' in E. coli?
Counterclockwise (CCW) rotation.
p.6
Bacterial Flagella Structure and Function
What type of motion does a bacterial flagellum produce?
A bacterial flagellum produces a propeller-like motion.
p.2
Bacterial Axial Filaments in Spirochetes
What are bacterial axial filaments?
Bacterial axial filaments are structures used by certain bacteria, like spirochetes, for movement.
p.3
Terminology: Mobile vs. Motile Cells
What does the term 'motile' refer to in cell movement terminology?
Cells that can move by themselves.
p.6
Bacterial Flagella Structure and Function
What is the primary function of a bacterial flagellum?
The primary function of a bacterial flagellum is to provide motility, allowing the bacterium to swim through liquid environments.
p.2
Mechanism of E. coli Swimming
How does E. coli swim towards food?
E. coli swims towards food by using its flagella to move in a directed manner.
p.14
Medical Significance of Flagella
What does the 'H' in E. coli O157:H7 refer to?
The 'H' refers to the H-antigen, which is associated with the flagellin protein in the bacterial flagella.
p.4
Overview of Prokaryotic Cell Movement
What is a disadvantage of motility in prokaryotes?
Motility consumes resources and energy.
p.15
Mechanism of E. coli Swimming
How does an E. coli swim towards food?
By running with counterclockwise (CCW) rotation, which moves the cell in a straight line.
p.28
Bacterial Flagella Structure and Function
What is the function of bacterial flagella?
Bacterial flagella are used for locomotion, allowing bacteria to swim through liquid environments.
p.14
Medical Significance of Flagella
What does the 'O' in E. coli O157:H7 refer to?
The 'O' refers to the O-antigen, a component of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the bacterial surface.
p.9
Overview of Prokaryotic Cell Movement
What is the primary function of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?
The cell wall provides structural support and protection to the cell.
p.6
Bacterial Flagella Structure and Function
What is the structure that enables bacteria to move?
The flagellum enables bacteria to move.
p.28
Corkscrew Motion of Spirochetes
How can a bacterial cell use axial filaments to move towards food?
Bacterial cells with axial filaments move in a corkscrew motion, allowing them to navigate through viscous environments towards food sources.
p.4
Chemotaxis in Bacteria
What is chemotaxis in prokaryotes?
Chemotaxis is the ability to swim towards food.
p.16
Mechanism of E. coli Swimming
Which option correctly represents the swimming speed of E. coli?
C. 1 body length per second.
p.23
Corkscrew Motion of Spirochetes
How does the axial filament contribute to the movement of spirochetes?
The axial filament wraps around the cell body and rotates, causing the entire cell to move in a corkscrew motion.
p.4
Terminology: Mobile vs. Motile Cells
What proportion of prokaryotic species are motile?
About half of prokaryotic species are motile.
p.28
Chemotaxis in Bacteria
How can a bacterial cell use flagella to move towards food?
Bacterial cells use flagella to move towards food through a process called chemotaxis, where they detect and move in response to chemical gradients.
p.28
Bacterial Axial Filaments in Spirochetes
What is the function of axial filaments in bacteria?
Axial filaments, found in spirochetes, enable bacteria to move in a corkscrew motion, allowing them to navigate through viscous environments.
p.14
Medical Significance of Flagella
What is LPS and its significance in E. coli?
LPS stands for lipopolysaccharide, a molecule found on the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria like E. coli, important for immune recognition.
p.2
Bacterial Flagella Structure and Function
What structure do bacteria use for movement?
Bacteria use flagella for movement.
p.2
Comparison of Flagella and Axial Filaments
What are the key differences between flagella and axial filaments?
Flagella are external structures used for movement, while axial filaments are internal structures that enable a corkscrew motion.
p.4
Overview of Prokaryotic Cell Movement
What is one advantage of motility in prokaryotes related to spreading?
Motility allows prokaryotes to disperse and spread outwards.
