Deception bias causes you to assume that the person is lying.
Tie signs communicate relationship status, such as kissing for romantic relationships or handshakes for professional ones.
High-power-distance cultures exhibit significant differences in power, where students are subordinate to teachers and relationships are influenced by cultural class.
Positive face actively uses kind language and compliments to be seen positively, while negative face uses indirect messages to avoid imposing feelings, allowing the other person to maintain their independence.
Denotative meaning refers to the dictionary definition of a word, while connotative meaning refers to the subjective or emotional associations connected to that word. For example, 'church' may have a denotative meaning of a place of worship, but its connotative meaning could evoke feelings of relief.
Selfish deception is lying to protect yourself.
It conveys a sense of interest, attention, liking, and attraction to another person.
Onymous messages clearly identify the sender, like face-to-face conversations or emails, while anonymous messages do not identify the sender, such as those on Reddit or anonymous letters.
Inevitable means you're always communicating, irreversible means you can't take back what is said, and unrepeatable means reactions will vary each time.
Being assertive means being willing to speak your mind and welcoming others to do the same.
In high-context cultures, communication relies heavily on non-verbal cues, subtlety, and relationship-building, with an emphasis on collectivism and face-saving.
The continuum ranges from extremely casual (impersonal) interactions, like with a server or taxi driver, to extremely intimate (interpersonal) interactions, like with a longtime lover.
1. Receiving 2. Understanding 3. Evaluating 4. Remembering 5. Responding.
In individualist cultures, the individual's goals are most important, while in collectivist cultures, the group's goals take precedence.
In Stage Four: Evaluating, the focus is on resisting evaluation, distinguishing facts from opinions, identifying biases, and recognizing fallacious reasoning.
They play a huge role in shaping how people perceive us, such as smiling to be liked or maintaining eye contact to be believed.
Messages vary in politeness through the use of positive and negative face. Positive face involves kind language and compliments, while negative face uses indirect messages to respect the other person's independence.
Continuous transactions and ongoing communication processes without a clear start or end.
Self-enhancement deception is lying to make yourself look good, like tweaking a resume to appear more qualified.
During the responding stage, you should focus on the other person and avoid thought-completing listening.
It is important to decode or decipher the true emotions we are feeling or those of others.
Low-context cultures favor direct and clear communication, often making expectations explicit and being more likely to criticize others openly.
Interpersonal communication is a process where elements are interdependent and there is mutual influence between participants.
You should avoid assuming you understand and instead focus on making meaning and seeing the speaker's point of view.
It encourages people to go to extremes with outrageous opinions due to a lack of consequences.
Eye movement and dilation can convey emotions and intentions.
In low-power-distance cultures, power is more evenly distributed, allowing students to challenge professors and fostering friendships without regard to cultural class or hierarchy.
It involves understanding the differences between yourself and others, within culturally different groups, and in meanings, dialects, and accents.
The process through which you learn the culture into which you're born.
In Stage 3: Remembering, we apply what we heard by reconstructing memories based on our understanding, which can lead to false memory syndrome when our brain fills in gaps.
Interpersonal communication can be purposeful for learning, relating, influencing, playing, and helping.
Truth bias causes you to assume that the person is telling the truth based on your relationship with that person, such as a mother.
It's not what you say, it's how you say it; verbal and nonverbal messages should align.
They provide cues that regulate interaction and guide who is speaking, such as a teacher pointing to a student.
Messages are packaged when verbal and nonverbal messages reinforce or support each other. For example, if a friend says 'I am fine' but their tone is sad, it creates confusion about their true feelings.
Success is measured through contributions to the group.
An example of fallacious reasoning is the bandwagon effect, where something is claimed to be true simply because many people believe it.
The content dimension refers to the actual information being communicated, while the relationship dimension refers to the nature of the relationship between the communicators.
Hand gestures can be used when telling a friend an exciting story to emphasize emotions.
The first stage is Receiving, which involves focusing attention to detail, avoiding distractions, and maintaining your role as a listener.
Success is measured through comparison with others.
Words can be interpreted differently by different people, leading to varying understandings of terms like 'soon'.
Facial expressions can convey emotions and often tell the truth more than what we say.
Relationships develop, are maintained, and sometimes destroyed through interpersonal interactions.
Metacommunication is communication about communication, important for clarifying patterns between individuals. Nonverbal messages, like emojis, can convey feelings about a message without explicit words.
Message meanings are in people, meaning each person interprets messages differently based on their social and cultural perspectives. For instance, the phrase 'you can come if you want' can be understood in various ways by different individuals.
Prosocial deception is lying to achieve some good, such as telling a friend she looks good in a dress even if she doesn't.
The two parts of responding in Stage Five are Immediate Feedback, which occurs while the speaker is talking, and Delayed Feedback, which occurs after the speaker has finished.
Yes, nonverbal messages can hide emotions, such as smiling while feeling scared during a presentation.
Mindfulness is a state of being aware, which involves creating and re-creating categories, being open to new information and points of view, and being cautious about relying too heavily on first impressions.
Anonymous messages can encourage honesty, allowing individuals to voice unpopular opinions and be more vulnerable about their inner feelings, fears, and hopes.
The process in which you learn the rules and norms of a culture different from your native culture, influencing your own.
Analyze assertive communication, rehearse assertiveness, describe the problem, state how it affects you using 'I' statements, propose solutions, and confirm understanding.
Slouching typically means 'I don’t care.'
Communication is more important than job-specific skills and is crucial across all professions, impacting interviews, job fairs, and leading meetings.
1. Educating yourself 2. Recognizing differences 3. Confronting your stereotypes 4. Reducing your ethnocentrism 5. Anticipating culture shock 6. Adjusting your communication.
Messages vary in abstraction based on how general or specific they are. Effective messages can include words at any level of abstraction, such as 'entertainment' being a general term that can refer to books, movies, music, or podcasts.
Antisocial deception is lying to harm someone, such as making up a lie to get a coworker fired.
It means that the nature of conversations can change based on context, such as when students alter their discussion upon seeing a teacher nearby.
Ethnocentrism is the tendency to evaluate a culture's values, beliefs, and behaviors as superior and those of other cultures as inferior, rather than different.
The relatively specialized lifestyle of a group of people passed on through communication, not through genes or race.
When you and a friend watch the same movie but derive different meanings, it shows how we can reevaluate our perspectives based on others' viewpoints.
Touching their hair, neck, or face, holding back, leaking information, and making less sense can signal that a person is lying and showing anxiety.
An example is when a parent tells a child to clean their room; the content is the instruction, while the relationship dimension reflects the authority and respect between parent and child.
Different channels include body messages, facial communication, and more.
