An increase in WBC count.
12 - 30%
Granulocytes and Agranulocytes
T-lymphocytes (approximately 90%) are involved in cell-mediated immunity.
Heterophil
Von Willebrand’s factor and tissue thromboplastin.
Lymphocytes and Monocytes
Immune function, including being directed to sites of inflammation to combat invading organisms.
A decrease in WBC count.
The 'coagulation cascade' refers to a series of enzymatic processes that include the intrinsic, extrinsic, and common pathways.
Avian and Canine
Basophils, Eosinophils, Neutrophils
The conversion of soluble plasma protein fibrinogen into insoluble threads of fibrin, which trap RBCs and form a gelatinous clot.
Lymphocytes are part of the specific (adaptive) immune response.
Red - orange
The primary function of neutrophils is to phagocytize and destroy bacteria and other pathogens.
Damage to the endothelium.
Coagulation causes the consolidation of a temporary platelet plug to form a blood clot.
Leukocytes are larger than erythrocytes.
No, platelets are non-nucleated.
12 - 18μm
60 - 77%
Use another slide to spread the drop by holding it at a 30-45 degree angle and pushing it forward.
The production of leukocytes.
Approximately 1%
They emigrate from the cardiovascular system.
2 - 10%
3 - 10%
Large lymphocytes are 10 - 14μm, and small lymphocytes are 6 - 9μm.
Place a drop of blood on a clean glass slide.
No, they are unable to phagocytose.
Lysosomes, which cause the cytoplasm to stain blue-grey.
Formation of platelet plug
The three components of haemostasis are contraction of the injured blood vessel, formation of a platelet plug, and coagulation of the blood.
Phagocytosis
Exposure of platelets to rough surfaces or collagen.
It evaluates the extrinsic and common pathways.
Emboli can continue to move until they reach narrow places in vessels where they may lodge and block blood flow, causing an embolism.
Prothrombin to thrombin
Las plaquetas son fragmentos celulares que se adhieren al sitio de una lesión vascular, se agregan entre sí y forman un tapón para detener el sangrado.
Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
Total WBC count and differential white cell count (%).
100 x 10^3 / μl to 800 x 10^3 / μl
1 - 5μ
B-lymphocytes are involved in humoral (antibody) immunity.
Direct mechanical input on the smooth muscle of the vessel wall and the release of vasoactive substances.
Lymphocytes are long-lived cells, surviving from months to years.
The primary function of platelets in hemostasis is to form a platelet plug at the site of a blood vessel injury to prevent bleeding.
Pale lilac
Wright's stain or Giemsa stain.
It is a crude test of platelet function.
It evaluates the intrinsic and common coagulation pathways.
Clinical assessment of leukocyte production is important to diagnose and monitor various diseases and conditions, such as infections, inflammation, and hematologic disorders.
A blood clot forms as a result of a series of reactions, terminating in the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.
Fibrinogen to fibrin
La fibrinólisis es el proceso mediante el cual se descompone y elimina un coágulo de fibrina después de que el vaso sanguíneo ha sido reparado.
Thrombocytopaenia is a decrease in platelets, caused by abnormal production, accelerated removal, or abnormal distribution.
They contain a nucleus, organelles, and cytoplasmic vesicles.
Bilobed nucleus
Basophils are rare in cats and dogs.
Injury to vessel
Haemostasis refers to the mechanisms that minimize or prevent blood loss.
Macrophages
Basophil granules are fewer in number, larger in size, and contain histamine and heparin.
They are the first line of defense against bacteria and some fungi as part of the innate immune system.
A thrombus is a blood clot that abnormally forms within a vessel.
Healing and repair of injury
Los neutrófilos son un tipo de granulocito que fagocitan y destruyen bacterias y hongos.
The nucleus is large, spherical, slightly indented, and stains dark purple.
Thrombocytosis or thrombocythemia is an increase in platelets, caused by bone marrow disorders, other diseases, or as a physiologic/reactive response to inflammation.
Platelets are formed in the bone marrow from megakaryocytes.
Variable in appearance with a variable shaped nucleus; can be kidney or horseshoe shaped and may resemble band neutrophils.
Irregular and knobbly
To preserve the morphology of the cells for examination.
The three main steps involved in primary hemostasis are vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion, and platelet aggregation.
Reflex contraction of smooth muscle in the vessel wall; vasoconstriction helps maintain prolonged blood vessel spasm.
Examine the stained slide under a microscope.
Fibrinolysis
Cellular damage and blood contact with foreign surfaces activate factors that favor coagulation.
Hageman factor
Los linfocitos son un tipo de agranulocito que juega un papel crucial en la respuesta inmune, incluyendo la producción de anticuerpos y la destrucción de células infectadas.
The different types of T-lymphocytes include T-helper cells, cytotoxic T cells, and memory cells.
Reflex vasoconstriction temporarily restricts blood flow due to direct mechanical input on smooth muscle of the vessel wall and the release of vasoactive substances.
Lymphocytes circulate between blood and lymphoid tissues.
5 - 10 days
0 - 3%
Blunt trauma.
They modulate inflammatory responses, especially from allergic reactions.
The coagulation process involves the intrinsic pathway, the extrinsic pathway, and the common pathway.
Basophils play an important role in immediate hypersensitivity reactions such as urticaria, anaphylaxis, and acute allergy.
Platelets adhere to rough surfaces and each other, forming a plug.
Blood contacts foreign surface
Prothrombin activator
La hemostasia primaria es el proceso inicial de formación de un tapón plaquetario en el sitio de una lesión vascular para detener el sangrado.
B-lymphocytes give rise to plasma cells which produce antibodies and memory cells.
Up to 30 minutes.
Kills parasitic worms
Direct stimulus to the vessel wall or pain receptors; platelets release serotonin.
Neutrophils are 2 times the size of erythrocytes, measuring 9 - 15μm.
By antithrombotic mechanisms
Secondary hemostasis involves the coagulation of the blood.
An embolus is a clot that dislodges or a fragment of a clot that breaks loose and is carried away by the blood flow.
Anticoagulant and Thrombolytic (“clot buster”) drugs are used widely in human and veterinary medicine.
Los dos tipos principales de leucocitos son los granulocitos y los agranulocitos.
La trombocitopenia es una condición caracterizada por un número anormalmente bajo de plaquetas en la sangre, lo que puede llevar a un aumento del riesgo de sangrado.
Platelets play a central role in hemostasis and clotting.
The nucleus is U or S-shaped and stains blue to dark purple.
Thrombin and fibrin clot
Primary hemostasis involves the contraction of the injured blood vessel and the formation of a platelet plug.
Fibrinolysis plays a role in breaking down clots after they have served their purpose, ensuring that blood vessels remain open and functional.
Damage to vessel or tissue
Tissue thromboplastin
Los leucocitos, también conocidos como glóbulos blancos, son células del sistema inmunológico que protegen al cuerpo contra infecciones y enfermedades.
La vía intrínseca de la coagulación es una serie de reacciones en cascada que se inician dentro del vaso sanguíneo y conducen a la formación de un coágulo de fibrina.
