Antero-posterior (Z axis).
Medial-lateral (x-axis).
Upper and lower parts.
Shoulder and hip.
Generally spherical convex surface paired with a shallow concave surface.
The application of principles of mechanics to the living human body.
Motion that occurs in a circle around an axis.
The distal segment of the chain moves in space, such as reaching for an object.
Synovial joints.
Glide (slide or translation) as femoral condyles slide backward on the tibia.
The position with the least congruency, where the capsule and ligaments are slack.
The application of kinesiology to environments of the health care professional.
When the joint is positioned near its midrange.
Kinetics concentrates on forces that produce or resist movement, while kinematics deals with types of motion without regard for forces or torques.
The pivot point for angular or rotary motion.
Front and back parts.
It experiences a spin.
The minute movements occurring within the joint and between the joint surfaces.
They move in one plane around one axis and have one degree of freedom.
The distal segment is fixed while proximal parts move, such as in a chin-up or push-up.
To offer stability with no movement, bound by fibrous connective tissue.
By using the names of the two bones that form the joint, typically naming the proximal bone first.
Yes, ligaments are unique for each joint type.
The position where joint surfaces match perfectly, maximizing surface contact and tension in ligaments.
The movements of the bony partners or segments that make up a joint.
Artistic depictions of the human body and dissections to understand musculature.
3 Degrees of Freedom.
Goniometer.
The resistance felt when a joint is moved passively to the end of its range of motion.
Right and left sides.
Free movement and presence of a joint capsule with an internal cavity.
They connect bones together, such as between the radius and ulna.
Medial and lateral rotation, pronation, supination, eversion, inversion, horizontal abduction, adduction, and axial rotation.
Atlas and axis (cervical spine).
Radius and carpal bones.
A series of points on one articular surface contacts a series of points on another articular surface.
Joint surfaces are moved together to approximate each other.
The convex joint surface slides in the opposite direction to the bone segment’s rolling motion.
A reference position of the body in a static position, standing erect with feet, knees, body, and head facing forward.
They move around two axes and have two degrees of freedom.
Abduction, adduction, ulnar and radial deviation, lateral flexion, eversion, and inversion.
Flexion, extension, dorsiflexion, and plantarflexion.
The movements of bony levers through their ranges of motion, produced by muscles.
Near its midrange.
Joint surfaces do not fit perfectly, are incongruent, and allow for increased accessory movements.
Mathematical expressions of muscle action and the relationship of muscle force and angle of application.
Highly variable, sacrificing stability for mobility, and producing faster motion than closed chain movements.
Into three major groups: Synarthrosis, Amphiarthrosis, and Diarthrosis.
Ball and socket joint.
Motion in two planes at right angles.
A single point on one articular surface rotates about a single point (fixed) on another articular surface.
The center axis of a human joint that moves as the joint position changes, usually following a curvilinear path.
Aristotle and Hippocrates.
A measurement used to define the quantity of joint motion.
It involves the movement of two articulating joint surfaces on each other and is not voluntary.
Synovial joints.
Pivot joint.
A basic arthrokinematic joint motion.
A tire rolling across a road surface as in normal driving with good traction.
The study of human motion.
An object travels in a curved path.
A soft end feel in elbow extension due to excessive edema.
Soft, firm, and hard.
A cartilaginous joint connected by a disc of fibrocartilage, allowing slight movement.
Knee and elbow.
Each partner has a concave and convex surface oriented perpendicular to each other.
Knee extension occurring from femoral condyles rolling forward on a tibia as a person stands.
The Concave and Convex Principle.
Movement in a straight line.
A pathologic type denoting pain on motion but absence of resistance, differing from the usual end feel.
Sychondrosis (e.g., pubic symphysis).
Fibrous cartilage, ligaments, tendons, muscles, and synovial membranes.
Flexion and extension.
Metacarpophalangeal joints in hand and foot.
An abnormal resistance felt at the end of a joint's range of motion.
Superior-inferior, vertical, or longitudinal (y-axis).
No, they are rare.
A specific point on one articulating surface comes in contact with a series of points on another surface.
Motion that occurs along or parallel to an axis, where all points on the moving object travel the same distance, direction, velocity, and time.
Gliding motion.
Joint surfaces are pulled away in traction from each other.
