p.3
Theory of Social Contract
Why do people contract out of the state of nature?
To secure peace and reach Felicity.
p.2
State of Nature and Its Characteristics
What is the precontract condition in the State of Nature?
A condition where people are constrained by legal rules without a governing power.
p.3
Theory of Social Contract
What compels people to contract according to Hobbes?
The desire for security, not moral impulse.
What is the definition of sovereignty in Hobbes' philosophy?
The ultimate power of the state over all other social and political bodies.
p.2
State of Nature and Its Characteristics
What is the State of Nature considered to be?
A mental construct or thought experiment.
p.2
State of Nature as a State of War
What leads to the struggle for power in the State of Nature?
The condition of absolute liberty and equality.
p.3
Human Nature and Psychology According to Hobbes
What makes Felicity impossible according to Hobbes?
The unending struggle for power.
p.1
Human Nature and Psychology According to Hobbes
What does Hobbes mean by 'will'?
It is 'the last appetite in deliberation'.
p.4
Purpose and Role of Government in Hobbes' Philosophy
What does the term 'political horsepower' refer to?
The effectiveness of government as a political machine.
p.1
Theory of Social Contract
What political theory did Hobbes contribute to?
Theory of Social Contract.
p.3
State of Nature as a State of War
What does Hobbes mean by war?
Not only real violence, but the constant threat of violence, leading to fear among individuals.
p.1
Human Nature and Psychology According to Hobbes
How does Hobbes describe human nature?
As utterly self-interested, power-seeking, and antisocial.
p.4
Purpose and Role of Government in Hobbes' Philosophy
What is the primary task of government according to the text?
To exercise the sovereign power of the State.
p.1
Human Nature and Psychology According to Hobbes
How did Hobbes view human psychology?
As a set of purely physical processes reducible to body and motion.
p.1
Theory of Social Contract
What theory leads to Hobbes' Theory of Social Contract?
The Theory of Pleasure and Pain.
p.2
Concept of Absolute Liberty and Equality
What does absolute equality in the State of Nature imply?
Human beings have roughly equivalent physical and intellectual capabilities.
p.3
Purpose and Role of Government in Hobbes' Philosophy
Why do people need government according to Hobbes?
Without government, humans will annihilate each other due to their nature as power seekers.
p.3
Absolute Sovereignty and Its Implications
What must people surrender to the government?
All their rights, leading to absolute monarchy.
p.2
State of Nature as a State of War
What dictates the right to everything in the State of Nature?
The pursuit of felicity and survival.
p.4
Purpose and Role of Government in Hobbes' Philosophy
How is government described in relation to a corporation?
As a 'board of directors' exercising the sovereign power of the State.
p.3
Purpose and Role of Government in Hobbes' Philosophy
What role does social society play according to Hobbes?
Merely socialization and political control.
p.1
Human Nature and Psychology According to Hobbes
What drives the voluntary actions of man according to Hobbes?
The fulfillment of basic biological functions.
p.2
Concept of Absolute Liberty and Equality
Why is there absolute liberty in the State of Nature?
Because there are no laws to constrain individuals.
p.1
Human Nature and Psychology According to Hobbes
What are the two kinds of physical motions according to Hobbes?
Vital/involuntary and voluntary motion.
p.2
Human Nature and Psychology According to Hobbes
What does observing human behavior in the State of Nature reveal?
The essence of human beings.
p.3
Absolute Sovereignty and Its Implications
What happens if individuals retain some rights while contracting with the government?
It would be insufficient to protect people from each other.
p.2
Concept of Absolute Liberty and Equality
What two conditions exist in the State of Nature?
Absolute liberty and equality.
p.2
State of Nature as a State of War
What does the phrase 'everyone against everyone' signify?
The constant state of war in the State of Nature.
