A cylindrical structure that extends from the base of the skull to the lower back, transmitting signals between the brain and the body.
Upper motor neurons originate in the brain and connect to lower motor neurons in the spinal cord, which directly innervate muscles.
They are essential for communication between the brain and body, reflex actions, and maintaining bodily functions.
Through trauma, disease, or congenital disorders.
Dorsal root (sensory) and ventral root (motor).
A disorder where a cyst forms within the spinal cord, leading to pain and weakness.
To conduct sensory information to the brain and motor commands from the brain to the body; also involved in reflex actions.
Paralysis of the lower limbs resulting from spinal cord injury in the thoracic or lumbar regions.
31 pairs.
A small channel in the center of the spinal cord that contains cerebrospinal fluid.
Myelinated axons that form ascending and descending tracts for signal transmission.
Loss of sensation, weakness, paralysis, and loss of bowel or bladder control.
Damage to the spinal cord that can result in loss of function, sensation, or mobility below the injury site.
Bundles of axons in the white matter that carry specific types of information to and from the brain.
An ascending pathway that transmits pain and temperature sensations to the brain.
A clear fluid that cushions the spinal cord and brain, providing protection and nutrient transport.
A procedure to collect cerebrospinal fluid for diagnostic testing.
There are 31 segments: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal.
A neural pathway that controls a reflex action, involving sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons.
Quadriplegia.
A bundle of spinal nerves and nerve roots that extend below the conus medullaris.
With inflammation, followed by a healing process that may include neuroplasticity.
An automatic response to a stimulus, processed in the spinal cord without direct involvement of the brain.
Areas of skin that are mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve root.
A narrowing of the spinal canal that can compress the spinal cord or nerves.
Into an H-shaped core of gray matter surrounded by white matter.
Three protective membranes (dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater) that surround the spinal cord and brain.
The tapered end of the spinal cord, typically located around the L1-L2 vertebrae.
A condition where the intervertebral disc protrudes and compresses nearby nerves.
To carry motor commands from the spinal cord to the muscles.
To carry sensory information from the body to the spinal cord.
A major descending pathway that carries motor commands from the brain to the spinal cord.
The vertebral column, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid.
To transmit motor and sensory signals between the spinal cord and the body.
A fibrous extension of the pia mater that anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx.
It helps improve mobility, strength, and function following injury.
Part of the autonomic nervous system, involved in the 'fight or flight' response.
Comprised of neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons, involved in processing information.
A procedure to collect CSF for testing or to relieve pressure.
Some spinal nerves contain autonomic fibers that regulate involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion.
Paralysis of all four limbs resulting from spinal cord injury in the cervical region.
