Many patients experience unpleasant side effects from ART.
B cell lymphomas and Kaposi sarcoma.
Reducing risk behaviors is a key strategy for preventing HIV transmission.
Herpes, Mycobacterium (Tb), candidiasis, and pneumocystis jiroveci.
Lasts about 2-4 weeks, includes headaches, fever, flu-like symptoms, and has a high level of virus in blood.
Secondary immunodeficiencies are far more common than primary deficiencies and are associated with various conditions.
Sexual contact, blood to blood contact, perinatally.
Viral gp120 protein
Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
5 million new cases per year.
ART includes reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, chemokine receptor inhibitors, and fusion inhibitors.
Chemotherapy, radiation, or certain drugs can cause secondary immunodeficiencies.
A rapid decline in CD4+ T cells to 200 cells/µl.
RNA virus (retrovirus)
About 31,000 cases per year.
There is a gradual reduction of CD4+ cells in blood, decreasing from about 1000 to 200 cells/µl.
No, ART is not a cure; it slows the progression of the disease.
AIDS is a chronic infection associated with secondary immunodeficiencies.
Hijacks cellular machinery to replicate
Malnutrition, particularly deficiencies in vitamins or zinc, can lead to secondary immunodeficiencies.
40 million infected.
Pneumocystis jiroveci.
Leukemia is a type of malignancy associated with secondary immunodeficiencies.
Chemokine-receptor activation
Diabetes is a metabolic disease associated with secondary immunodeficiencies.
1.2 million currently living with AIDS.
ART stands for antiretroviral therapy, which involves a combination of drugs to manage HIV.
It depletes the body’s T H cells (CD4+).
CXCR4 or CCR5
The annual cost for ART ranges from $7000 to $10,000.
Lasts months to years, may have few to no symptoms, low virus levels in blood but many antibodies, with continuous replication and T-cell destruction in lymph nodes and spleen.
Often fatal within 1 to 2 years.
