The ego is the conscious mind that comprises thoughts, memories, and emotions that a person is aware of.
A method used by Jung in his experimental studies of complexes, measuring emotional reactions through changes in breathing patterns and skin conductivity in response to specific words.
The principal systems of personality identified by Jung are the ego, personal unconscious and its complexes, collective unconscious and its archetypes, and the development of self.
Archetypes function in a holistic manner within the collective unconscious, interacting with one another to create meaning out of situations rather than existing in isolation.
The Ego resides in the conscious mind and comprises conscious thoughts, memories, feelings, and perceptions. It plays a major role in an individual’s feelings of continuity and identity and is considered the center of consciousness.
The persona develops as a mask that conflicts with other archetypal images in the collective unconscious, influenced by the demands of both the collective unconscious and society.
The four general developmental stages are Childhood, Young adulthood, Middle age, and Old age.
Archetypes are universal thought forms that contain a large element of emotion, creating images or visions that correspond to aspects of daily life situations. They are ingrained in the collective unconscious as experiences that have been continuously repeated over generations.
Analytical psychology is a school of psychology developed by Carl Jung that aims at personality development in individuals and their ability to contribute to society, focusing on the personal and collective unconscious and their conflicts.
The personal unconscious refers to an individual's unique experiences and memories, while the collective unconscious is a part of the unconscious mind shared among beings of the same species, containing universal experiences and archetypes.
Intuition and Sensing are considered irrational functions as they focus on the perception of the particular, accidental, and concrete.
A symbol helps in satisfying as well as resisting an impulse by displacing one’s impulsive energy into itself, allowing for indirect expression of instincts such as the sex drive through activities like art.
The Principle of Equivalence states that if energy is spent in one area, it will compensate elsewhere in the system, meaning an increase in one value leads to a decrease in another.
The Transcendent Function is the capacity to unite opposing trends of several systems, working towards the ideal goal of perfect wholeness.
The development of the Self in Jungian psychology refers to the process of individuation, where a person integrates various aspects of their personality to achieve wholeness and self-realization.
Regression is a process where the ego discovers useful knowledge in the unconscious, enabling a person to overcome frustration, often by reactivating parental archetypes for encouragement.
Compensation is the interaction of opposing attitudes of introversion and extraversion, where if one attitude is dominant, the unconscious will develop the suppressed attitude to balance the personality.
Examples of archetypes include magic, birth, death, rebirth, power, unity, the hero, God, the child, the demon, the earth mother, the animal, and the old wise man.
This method requires the subject to focus on a significant but unclear dream image, observing its transformations to uncover unconscious material.
The personal unconscious adjoins the ego and consists of once conscious experiences that have been suppressed, repressed, forgotten, or ignored, as well as events that were too weak to make a conscious impact.
The Constellating Power of a Complex refers to the unconscious values that group items into association around a nuclear element, influencing new experiences related to that core value.
During Middle age, individuals seek meaning and purpose, shifting from an extraverted to an introverted attitude, focusing on self-realization and potentially facing a 'middle-aged crisis'.
The archetype of self becomes evident when a person reaches middle age, representing the realization of one's true self.
Intuition is the perception through subliminal contents and unconscious processes, going beyond facts and feelings to grasp the hidden essence of an event.
The Principle of Entropy proposes that energy distribution in the psyche is balanced, where energy moves from stronger values to weaker ones until equilibrium is achieved.
The four fundamental functions are thinking, feeling, sensing, and intuiting, which help individuals understand events in their lives.
Jung rejected many of Freud's cherished views about instincts and human sexuality during their collaboration.
Sublimation is the displacement of psychic energy from primitive, instinctive processes to higher cultural, spiritual, and more differentiated processes, such as withdrawing energy from the sex drive to invest in religious values.
Symbolization is a process that displaces libido, serving to satisfy frustrated instinctual impulses and embody archetypal material, while also helping to resist impulses.
Opposition is the relation between two facets of personality that develop in response to the same situation but are contrary in action.
The collective unconscious is a part of Jung's theory that refers to structures of the unconscious mind shared among beings of the same species, containing memories and archetypes that influence individual behavior.
Jung's theory emphasizes the role of unconscious processes as significant factors that influence personality development, similar to psychoanalytic theory but differing in various aspects.
Jung provided three methods for assessing complexes: Direct Observation plus analytical deductions, Complex indicators, and Intensity of emotional expression.
The collective unconscious comprises racial memories that predispose individuals to react to the world in specific ways, influenced by cumulative experiences of mankind, such as a predisposition to fear the dark or snakes.
Psychic energy is the force that drives an individual's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, influencing their personality dynamics.
Feeling is the value function that allows a person to experience events emotionally, encompassing pleasure, pain, love, fear, or joy.
The psyche is the whole personality, consisting of a number of differentiated but interacting systems.
The ego and the animus in a woman, and the ego and the anima in a man, bear a compensatory relationship, balancing opposing aspects of personality.
Self-realization is the ultimate developmental goal toward which people strive, representing a complete and heterogeneous state of personality development.
Thinking allows a person to analyze an event in a rational and intellectual manner.
Progression and regression are processes that Jung describes as vital for interacting with one's environment, representing the movement towards growth and the return to earlier states of being as necessary for understanding personal development.
The development of the self refers to the process of individuation, where a person integrates various aspects of their personality to achieve a harmonious whole.
The persona is a mask worn by an individual to fulfill the demands of the social world and to express inner archetypal wishes. It represents the public personality that one displays to others, contrasting with the masked personality behind the social facade.
Dreams serve as a compensatory source, reflecting features of the opposite attitude; for example, an introverted individual's dreams may exhibit extraverted characteristics.
Feeling and Thinking are referred to as rational functions as they utilize judgment, reason, generalization, and abstraction.
Psychic Energy is the energy that enables an individual's personality to function, representing the biological system's life energy and expressed through potential and actual forces.
Young adulthood marks puberty as the 'psychic birth' for the personality, where sexuality emerges, and the individual differentiates from their parents, primarily characterized by extraversion and consciousness.
Old age is characterized by a gradual sinking into the unconscious and a fear of death.
Progression is the process wherein the conscious ego adjusts to the needs of both the unconscious and the external world.
Analytical Psychology is a school of personality psychology created by Carl Jung, which focuses on the interplay of different systems within the psyche.
Animus is the feminine archetype present in every man, often opposing the persona, which directs responses to social conventions in a masculine manner.
Introversion is an orientation that familiarizes an individual with the internal subjective world.
The Self is the blending of every aspect of a person’s total personality, taking the place of the old center, the ego, as the psyche evolves a new center.
Criticisms of Jung's theory include its subjective nature, lack of empirical verification, low utility in therapy, and inconsistent definitions of terms, leading to low internal consistency.
The anima is the feminine side of a man's personality, representing one of the archetypes proposed by Jung, which reflects the cultural experiences of males with females.
The shadow archetype consists of the animal instincts inherited from evolutionary ancestors and typically represents the animal side of human nature, including socially undesirable thoughts and feelings.
The principle of equivalence states that energy in the psyche is redistributed rather than lost, meaning that if one aspect of the personality is emphasized, another must be diminished.
Jung differentiated between extraversion, which focuses on the outer objective world, and introversion, which focuses on the internal subjective world.
A method used by Jung to analyze a coherent series of dreams to provide a holistic picture of the unconscious, utilizing dream material and free associations.
The collective unconscious is a part of the unconscious mind that is shared among beings of the same species, containing archetypes.
The systems of personality can compensate for each other, be in opposition, or unite and fuse with one another.
Jung highlights the cultural roots of personality and combines teleology with causality, whereas Freud emphasizes the infantile origins and instinctual themes of personality.
The Self is considered the midpoint of personality and represents a person's determination for unity, combining various systems of personality to provide unity, equilibrium, and stability.
Sensing is the perceptional or reality function that produces measurable evidence about an event.
Extraversion is an orientation that familiarizes an individual with the outer objective world.
Jungian archetypes are universal patterns or predispositions that shape how all humans adapt to their environment, serving as templates for human thoughts and behaviors.
According to Jung, a balance must be achieved between opposing forces of personality, such as extraversion and introversion, conscious and unconscious, and male and female, to achieve self-realization.
A complex is a structured group of collective thoughts, feelings, memories, and perceptions that exist in the personal unconscious, with a nucleus that attracts various experiences to it, such as the mother complex.
The personal unconscious contains memories and experiences that are unique to the individual, including repressed memories and complexes.
Repression occurs when the discharge of energy, whether instinctual or sublimated, is blocked, causing the energy to reside in the unconscious and potentially disrupt rational processes.
The principle of opposition is the idea that psychological personality must be founded on conflict because tensions created by conflicting elements are essential to life.
Carl Jung's notable collaborator was Sigmund Freud, with whom he had a correspondence starting in 1906.
The transcendent function is a process that unites conflicting impulses within an individual, enabling balance and integration of personality.
The collective unconscious stores latent memory traces inherited from ancestral past, evolving over centuries from shared experiences of mankind, and is devoid of individual subjective beliefs.
The collective unconscious is a part of the unconscious mind shared among beings of the same species, containing universal experiences and archetypes.
The principle of entropy refers to the tendency toward balance and equilibrium in the psyche, as psychic energy seeks to distribute itself evenly across the personality.
Psychic Value indicates the quantity of psychic energy spent on an element of personality, with high value signifying significant motivation and low value indicating minimal involvement.
Psychic energy is utilized to fulfill major goals such as the propagation of species, maintenance of life, and spiritual or cultural activities.
Childhood is characterized by instinctual activities necessary for survival, with behavior governed by parental demands and emotional problems reflecting disturbing influences at home.
Individuation is the process of developing the Self, which involves synthesizing the various opposites in personality to achieve wholeness and integration of both conscious and unconscious aspects.
Jungians understand individual differences through the interactions of attitudes and functions, which influence how people perceive and respond to their environment.
The animus is the masculine side of a woman's personality, representing one of the archetypes proposed by Jung, which reflects the cultural experiences of females with males.
Sublimation is progressive, integrative, and serves rationality, while repression is repressive, disintegrative, and produces irrationality.
The stages of personality development refer to the various phases an individual goes through as they grow and mature, each contributing to their overall personality structure.
Archetypes are innate, universal symbols and themes that shape human experiences and are found in the collective unconscious.
