p.2
Health Risks Associated with Climate Change
What organization works to protect vulnerable populations from health effects of extreme weather events?
WHO (World Health Organization).
p.11
Environmental Health Definitions and Importance
What is the significance of microplastics in the context of environmental health?
They were found in places like the blood-brain barrier and placental barrier, raising concerns.
p.4
Health Risks Associated with Climate Change
What is a significant risk factor for heat stroke in humid tropical countries?
Wet bulb events, where humidity reaches 100% and sweating is ineffective.
p.4
Health Risks Associated with Climate Change
What health risks are associated with climate change?
Heatwaves, wildfires, droughts, food insecurity, waterborne diseases, malaria, and dengue.
p.11
Waste Management Policies and Practices
What is the definition of a Product Producer according to the law?
A brand owner who sells or supplies any commodity under a brand, label, or identity.
p.2
Climate Change Overview
What are some observable effects of climate change?
Rising sea levels, melting glaciers, changing precipitation patterns, and more intense extreme weather events.
p.4
Global and Local Responses to Climate Change
What is the goal of the Paris Agreement adopted by the United Nations?
To hold the increase in global average temperature to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.
p.4
Health Risks Associated with Climate Change
What demographic is particularly vulnerable to the health impacts of climate change according to the United Nations?
Women, due to limited access to resources and decision-making.
p.4
Health Risks Associated with Climate Change
What is the impact of increasing temperatures on preeclampsia incidence?
The incidence of preeclampsia is increasing as temperatures rise.
p.6
Environmental Health Definitions and Importance
What is the primary focus of Environmental Health?
It is concerned with our natural and artificial surroundings and their impact on disease and wellness.
p.2
Climate Change Overview
What human activity has significantly contributed to climate change over the last 50 years?
The burning of fossil fuels.
p.10
Air Pollution and Its Effects
What is an airshed?
An area with similar climate, meteorology, and topology that affects the interchange and diffusion of pollutants in the atmosphere.
p.7
Air Pollution and Its Effects
What is a significant source of air pollution in urban areas?
Gas emissions from motor vehicles, accounting for 60-70%.
p.6
Environmental Health Definitions and Importance
What is the Agent-Host-Environment Triad?
A model that illustrates the interaction between the agent, host, and environment in disease transmission.
p.4
Health Risks Associated with Climate Change
How does climate change affect maternal and neonatal health?
It increases the incidence of stillbirth and the spread of vector-borne illnesses.
p.5
Legal Framework for Environmental Health in the Philippines
What does Republic Act 9729 establish?
The Climate Change Commission.
p.3
Role of Community Physicians in Climate Action
What is the primary role of managers in healthcare?
To manage the clinic, hospital, or health system.
p.9
Waste Management Policies and Practices
Which agency is the lead agency for the National Solid Waste Management Commission?
DENR (Department of Environment and Natural Resources).
p.9
Waste Management Policies and Practices
What does the commission mandate regarding solid waste segregation?
Segregation of solid wastes based on classification by the commission.
p.9
Global and Local Responses to Climate Change
What does RA 9729, the Climate Change Act of 2009, aim to address?
Climate change adaptation and mitigation.
p.5
Global and Local Responses to Climate Change
What percentage of total greenhouse gas emissions does the Philippines contribute?
Less than half of a percent (0.48%).
p.10
Waste Management Policies and Practices
What is the responsibility of producers under the Extended Producer Responsibility?
To be environmentally responsible throughout the life cycle of their products, especially post-consumer.
p.8
Legal Framework for Environmental Health in the Philippines
What is the role of local health officers under PD 856?
To perform inspection and monitoring of drinking water purifiers and dining establishments.
p.1
Climate Change Overview
What is the definition of climate change according to the United Nations?
Climate change can be a natural process where temperature, rainfall, wind, and other elements vary over decades or more, but today it is primarily caused by human activities, especially burning fossil fuels that generate greenhouse gas emissions.
p.1
Health Risks Associated with Climate Change
What are some health impacts of climate change mentioned by the United Nations?
Air pollution, disease, extreme weather events, forced displacement, food insecurity, and pressures on mental health.
p.6
Water Sanitation and Treatment Methods
What does the Mills-Reincke Phenomenon suggest?
More filtration of water reduces mortality not only from water-borne diseases but also from other diseases.
p.6
Environmental Health Definitions and Importance
What are the major fields of environmental health?
Water Supply Sanitation, Excreta and Sewage Disposal, Food Sanitation, Solid Waste Management, Vector Control, Air and Water Pollution, Disaster Situations, and Environmental Health Impact Assessments.
p.1
Role of Community Physicians in Climate Action
What is the role of community physicians in addressing climate change?
To identify and address the health impacts of climate change on communities.
p.1
Five-Star Physician Model
What is the Five Star Physician model?
A model that recognizes the different roles of a primary care physician in addressing global warming, climate change, and environmental degradation.
p.5
Global and Local Responses to Climate Change
What significant document did the Philippines submit in 2023?
Its first Nationally Determined Contributions to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
p.7
Health Risks Associated with Climate Change
What is the recommended air supply rate for enclosed workplaces?
Not less than 20-40 cubic meters per hour per worker.
p.8
Waste Management Policies and Practices
Why is the definition of solid waste considered outdated?
It primarily refers to plastic waste, which has been proven harmful to humans, such as microplastics.
p.10
Air Pollution and Its Effects
What is the main goal of the Clean Air Act of 1999?
To balance development and environmental protection.
p.9
Waste Management Policies and Practices
What is the composition of the National Solid Waste Management Commission?
14 members from the government and 3 from the private sector.
p.9
Waste Management Policies and Practices
What is one of the main responsibilities of the National Solid Waste Management Commission?
To oversee the implementation of solid waste management plans and prescribe policies.
p.3
Climate Change Overview
What was the impact of chlorofluorocarbons in the 90s?
They contributed to a hole in the ozone layer.
p.3
Health Risks Associated with Climate Change
What is climate despondency?
A view that prevents action on the climate crisis.
p.6
Air Pollution and Its Effects
What is air pollution?
The presence of one or more air contaminants in sufficient quantities that threaten human, plant, and animal life.
p.8
Air Pollution and Its Effects
What is the maximum air velocity allowed in enclosed workplaces during the summer season?
45 meters (150 feet) per minute.
p.3
Climate Change Overview
Which countries were the largest producers of greenhouse gases in 2021?
China, US, India, European Union, and Russian Federation.
p.4
Global and Local Responses to Climate Change
How do the economic losses from climate-related perils in the Philippines compare to those in the US?
The losses in the Philippines are about 8 times those of the US.
p.1
Health Risks Associated with Climate Change
How many deaths each year are caused by environmental factors according to the United Nations?
Around 13 million people.
p.1
Health Risks Associated with Climate Change
What does the World Health Organization state about climate change?
Climate change undermines access to safe water, adequate food, and clean air, exacerbating avoidable environmental risk factors that cause approximately 12.6 million deaths each year.
p.1
Health Risks Associated with Climate Change
What additional deaths per year are expected from climate change between 2030 and 2050?
Approximately 20,000 additional deaths from malnutrition, malaria, diarrhea, and heat stress.
p.5
Legal Framework for Environmental Health in the Philippines
Who chairs the Climate Change Commission in the Philippines?
The President of the Philippines.
p.6
Water Sanitation and Treatment Methods
What are the two groups of water requiring treatment?
Group I requires disinfection only; Group II requires complete treatment.
p.1
Global and Local Responses to Climate Change
What are some actions taken to mitigate and adapt to climate change?
Policies and principles regarding environmental health concerns, including waste management and water sanitation.
p.10
Waste Management Policies and Practices
What significant waste does the health sector produce?
Biohazard waste and plastic waste from specimen containers.
p.5
Global and Local Responses to Climate Change
What sectors contribute to the Philippines' greenhouse gas emissions?
Agriculture, wastes, industry, transport, and energy.
p.7
Air Pollution and Its Effects
What are some common air pollutants found in industrialized countries?
Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, and lead.
p.3
Climate Change Overview
What are the major greenhouse gases produced by human activity?
Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases.
p.6
Water Sanitation and Treatment Methods
What is the purpose of water purification?
To produce hygienically safe and aesthetically pleasing water from a polluted source.
p.11
Water Sanitation and Treatment Methods
What is the role of community-led total sanitation?
To implement guidelines for sustainable sanitation and assist local sanitation planners.
p.9
Environmental Health Definitions and Importance
What is a concern regarding the involvement of business and industry in environmental health policies?
They may prioritize profits over public health and environmental protection.
p.8
Air Pollution and Its Effects
What does the principle of Replacement in pollution control entail?
Changing existing techniques to those that produce less pollutants.
p.8
Waste Management Policies and Practices
What does RA 9003 define?
Different kinds of solid wastes including agricultural, bulky, consumer electronic, and hazardous waste.
p.10
Air Pollution and Its Effects
What is the purpose of the Air Quality Monitoring and Information Network?
To formulate the Integrated Air Quality Improvement Framework and an Air Quality Control Action Plan.
p.7
Air Pollution and Its Effects
How does cigarette smoke contribute to air pollution?
It contains carcinogens, cell irritants, and toxins.
p.7
Health Risks Associated with Climate Change
Why is air pollution considered a major health problem?
Because we breathe about six liters of air every minute, exposing us to pollutants.
p.7
Health Risks Associated with Climate Change
What are some effects of air pollution on health?
Acute and chronic respiratory infections, headaches, and lead toxicity.
p.7
Air Pollution and Its Effects
What are primary air pollutants?
Particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and lead.
p.7
Waste Management Policies and Practices
What is one method for controlling air pollution?
Using air cleaning technology such as mechanical cyclonic collectors.
p.9
Water Sanitation and Treatment Methods
What is the focus of the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004?
Protection, preservation, and revival of the quality of all water bodies.
p.6
Water Sanitation and Treatment Methods
What is the significance of periodic examination of water quality?
To ensure the safety and quality of water through regular assessments.
p.8
Air Pollution and Its Effects
What is the first principle for control of pollution according to WHO?
Containment: Preventing pollutants from escaping into the air from the source of production.
p.8
Waste Management Policies and Practices
What is the primary policy of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act?
Ensure the protection of public health and the environment.
p.3
Role of Community Physicians in Climate Action
What is the role of a social mobilizer?
To mobilize people into action, especially during major health threats.
p.10
Air Pollution and Its Effects
What rights do citizens have under Section 4 (e) of the Clean Air Act?
The right to be informed about potential hazards and significant rises in pollution levels.
p.10
Air Pollution and Its Effects
What is the annual requirement for vehicle emissions testing?
It is done annually or whenever vehicles are registered or renewed.
p.10
Air Pollution and Its Effects
What is prohibited under the Clean Air Act regarding smoking?
Smoking inside public buildings and enclosed public spaces.
p.10
Waste Management Policies and Practices
What does the Extended Producer Responsibility Act of 2022 aim to achieve?
To institutionalize waste management focusing on reduction, recovery, recycling, and environmentally friendly products.
p.3
Health Risks Associated with Climate Change
What are some health effects of elevated CO2 levels?
Headaches, torpor, nausea, and increased heart rate.
p.7
Health Risks Associated with Climate Change
What are some common airborne infections?
Common colds, pulmonary tuberculosis, and influenza.
p.9
Waste Management Policies and Practices
What does the commission prohibit regarding waste management?
Littering, open burning of solid waste, and residing in open dumps and landfills.
p.8
Legal Framework for Environmental Health in the Philippines
What does PD 856 establish regarding sanitation?
It establishes the Department of Health and local health offices as authorities over water and sanitation.
p.11
Water Sanitation and Treatment Methods
What is the target of Administrative Order 2010-0021 regarding open defecation?
Achieving Zero Open Defecation.
p.11
Water Sanitation and Treatment Methods
What is the grading system for sanitation status in communities?
Grades range from 0 (Open Defecation) to 3 (Sustainable Sanitation).
p.11
Water Sanitation and Treatment Methods
What does Grade 1 in the sanitation grading system indicate?
Zero Open Defecation Status, where households use sanitary toilets.
p.11
Water Sanitation and Treatment Methods
What is the definition of Open Defecation?
Not using a sanitary toilet facility, leading to human feces being exposed to the environment.
p.10
Waste Management Policies and Practices
What is the concept of a circular economy?
An economic model that extends product life span through improved design and servicing, ensuring efficient resource utilization.
p.8
Health Risks Associated with Climate Change
What are the health risks associated with passive smoking?
Respiratory tract infections, low birth weight, and infant mortality.
p.6
Water Sanitation and Treatment Methods
What is the most important bacteriological test for water quality?
The presence of coliform indicates fecal contamination.
p.5
Global and Local Responses to Climate Change
What is the vision of the Climate Change Commission?
A climate-resilient and climate-smart Philippines with highly adaptive communities.
p.11
Health Risks Associated with Climate Change
What is the importance of safe water and improved sanitation?
They are essential for achieving health, social, and economic goals.
p.8
Air Pollution and Its Effects
What is the maximum air velocity allowed in enclosed workplaces during the rainy season?
15 meters (50 feet) per minute.
p.8
Air Pollution and Its Effects
What are the objectives of air sanitation and pollution control programs?
Provision of adequate ventilation and regulation of machinery to minimize air pollutants.
p.8
Air Pollution and Its Effects
What is the purpose of dilution in pollution control?
Diluting the concentration of pollutants to levels that can be removed by natural means.
p.2
Five-Star Physician Model
What does the Five Star Physician model emphasize?
The importance of being educators, risk communicators, researchers, and social mobilizers.
p.2
Health Risks Associated with Climate Change
What is a key factor in the development of asthma according to the biopsychosocial model?
Socioeconomic background and environmental factors.
p.2
Five-Star Physician Model
What role do researchers play in community medicine?
They are responsible for research projects.
p.8
Health Risks Associated with Climate Change
What health risks are associated with active smoking?
Myocardial infarction, bronchogenic carcinoma, lung diseases, and systemic atherosclerosis.
p.7
Legal Framework for Environmental Health in the Philippines
What is the legal approach to controlling air pollution?
Achieving administrative control through legislation, rules, and standards.
p.9
Water Sanitation and Treatment Methods
What are the roles of DENR and DILG in water quality management?
DENR is the lead agency, while DILG/LGUs have significant roles.
p.9
Water Sanitation and Treatment Methods
What is required for the creation of Water Quality Management Areas?
A technical secretariat including various licensed professionals.
p.8
Air Pollution and Its Effects
What is the significance of legislation in pollution control?
Enacting suitable laws aimed at the prevention of pollution.
