Values pluralism refers to the condition where several values may be equally correct and fundamental, yet in conflict with each other, leading to diverse interpretations and applications in public administration and governance.
The concept of participation has expanded from indirect participation through voting to include direct participatory mechanisms for expressing political voice in administrative decision-making.
Values are complex personal judgments based on knowledge and emotional reactions, while public values provide normative consensus about citizens' rights, obligations, and the principles on which governments should operate.
Public values failure occurs when the principles that guide public administration are not upheld, leading to negative outcomes for the community and undermining trust in public institutions.
The core content value of the Organizational Values Frame is administrative efficiency, supported by values such as specialization, expertise, merit, formalization, organizational loyalty, and political neutrality.
The four primary public values frames are political, legal, organizational, and market, each shaped by core content values and guided by prevailing rationality and dominant methods.
Civic education is intrinsic to the notion of participation, emphasizing the government's responsibility to promote and maintain informed citizenry engaged in governance.
Procedural Due Process is the principle that the government must respect the legal rights owed to a person according to the law, ensuring fundamental fairness and protecting individuals from arbitrary or unconstitutional harm.
Public values frames are open structures that provide a lens for viewing public administration and governance, shaping the interpretation and negotiation of meanings related to policy and administrative issues.
Democratic ethos is an intellectual framework in public administration that prioritizes democratic values, including participation, accountability, and public interest, contrasting with bureaucratic ethos.
The logical organization of tasks into smaller units to achieve efficiency, often used to structure hierarchies based on Weber's ideal type.
Rationality refers to how reason is exercised to reach conclusions about issues, influenced by beliefs that guide systematic decision-making processes within public values frames.
Public value refers to an appraisal of what is created and sustained by government on behalf of the public, focusing on the worth of government actions and outcomes.
Creating public value involves generating benefits for the public through effective governance and administration, ensuring that the needs and interests of the community are met.
Values pluralism complicates public administration by creating challenges in achieving consensus among politicians and administrators, often resulting in ambiguous legislation and conflicting signals.
Methods associated with the market values frame include zero-based budgeting, management by objectives, privatization, downsizing, and quality management, all aimed at enhancing efficiency and competitiveness.
The Incorporation Doctrine is a legal doctrine that includes most provisions of the Bill of Rights into the Fourteenth Amendment's due process clause, protecting individual substantive rights from state government infringement.
Market values in public administration refer to principles such as cost-savings, cost-efficiency, productivity, flexibility, innovation, and customer service that emphasize efficiency and effectiveness in service delivery.
Public values shape the normative standards and principles that guide government actions and policies, influencing the relationship between citizens and the state.
Substantive rationality is used to determine a social group's goals, values, and ideals, engaging in reasoning that is deductive, dialectical, and deontological.
Content values in the political frame include participation, representation, political responsiveness, liberty, and equality, which shape the political landscape and decision-making processes.
Democratic ethos embraces values such as constitutionalism, citizenship, public interest, social equity, and justice, ensuring continuity through deductive, dialectic, and deontological reasoning.
The four frames of public values are political, legal, organizational, and market, each encompassing distinct content values, rationalities, and methods.
Creating public value is essential for ensuring that public services are oriented toward local needs, authorized by service users, and evaluated based on their results.
Equality originated to ensure fairness at the ballot box and took on moral significance as an instrument facilitating self-respect and self-realization, preventing serious inequality that denies individuals the chance for self-control and cooperative management in democratic justice.
Empiricism and the scientific method are prioritized for analyzing problems and issues, emphasizing rigorous mathematical and statistical applications in the field.
Individual substantive rights refer to rights embodied in interpretations of the Bill of Rights and the Fourteenth Amendment, including freedoms such as speech, press, assembly, and equal protection under the law.
Nodal values are values that are connected to a large number of related values, indicating their central role in shaping public administration and governance.
Instrumental rationality is a mode of reasoning that focuses on the most efficient or cost-effective means to achieve a specific end, without reflecting on the value of that end.
Law as a formal framework establishes the rules of the game and creates a legal zone of discretion within which administrators operate, aiming to prevent administrative abuses.
Public values refer to the principles and standards that guide the behavior and decision-making processes within public administration and governance.
Equity stands for the value of fairness in the results of conflicts between private parties and the government, opposing arbitrary treatment and encompassing the constitutional requirement of equal protection.
Public administration is ultimately a problem in political theory, focusing on the responsibility and responsiveness of administrative agencies and bureaucracies to elected officials in a democracy.
A guiding principle for public administrators aimed at achieving objective and efficient performance in government duties, focusing on what government can do effectively and efficiently.
Public values are fundamental principles that guide and justify the behavior of individuals, governments, and societies, which can vary significantly across different contexts and issues.
Participation signifies both a value embedded with notions such as self-control and human dignity, and a method by which democracy generates political representation and responsiveness.
Public values failure occurs when neither the market nor the public sector provides goods and services required to achieve core public values.
Bureaucratic ethos is a framework in public administration that emphasizes values such as efficiency, efficacy, expertise, loyalty, and hierarchy, often guiding administrators' actions and decisions.
The four public values frames are political, legal, organizational, and market.
Values pluralism in public administration acknowledges that multiple values can coexist and influence decision-making, requiring a balance among them.
The democratic ethos emphasizes values such as participation, accountability, and responsiveness in public administration, contrasting with the bureaucratic ethos.
Bureaucratic ethos refers to a management-centered concept of public value that emphasizes authority, chain of command, and market values, often in tension with traditional bureaucratic values.
Efficiency is considered the primary value in the organizational frame of public administration, emphasizing the need for optimal performance at minimal cost.
Value conflicts refer to the disagreements that arise among public values or values-sets, particularly in public policy and management, where no single value can dominate to create consensus.
Legal Rationality is a mode of reasoning in legal decision-making that involves clarifying issues, determining applicable legal rules, elucidating relevant facts, analyzing rule application, and explaining outcomes.
An intellectual development that established values such as hierarchy, specialization, expertise, merit, formalization, and political neutrality in public administration.
An acronym that stands for Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Coordinating, Reporting, and Budgeting, highlighting the functional elements of a chief executive's work with efficiency as a core theme.
Democratic liberties are civil, religious, and economic freedoms that protect elected officials from prosecution based on their ideas and allow political factions to form and exercise voting rights against politicians.
The Politics-Administration Dichotomy is the concept advocated by Woodrow Wilson that calls for the separation of political and administrative matters to enhance the efficiency and integrity of public administration.
The bureaucratic ethos refers to the values and principles that prioritize efficiency, order, and adherence to rules within public administration.
Content values are the constellation of associated public values that form the foundation of a frame, providing the standards to be achieved through actions in public administration.
'Running government like a business' involves shifting focus from policy to measurable performance, moving away from traditional bureaucracies to more flexible units, and emphasizing cost-cutting and self-regulation.
Managerialism signifies a shift in public administration towards adopting business-like practices and principles, emphasizing efficiency and effectiveness in response to economic and social challenges.
Classifying public values helps in understanding and addressing the complexities of values plurality in public administration, providing frameworks for administrators to navigate conflicting values.
While often conflated under bureaucratic ethos, market values and organizational values are distinct public values frames, each with its own focus and implications for public management.
