What does it mean if a lipid is unsaturated?
It means that not all the bonds are filled up with hydrogen.
What are the main components of cell membranes?
Phospholipids.
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p.10
Saturated vs Unsaturated Fatty Acids

What does it mean if a lipid is unsaturated?

It means that not all the bonds are filled up with hydrogen.

p.14
Phospholipids and Membrane Structure

What are the main components of cell membranes?

Phospholipids.

p.17
Chemical Bonds in Lipids

What type of bond exists between part A and fatty acid X?

Ester bond.

p.1
Types of Lipids

What are the most common lipids known as?

Fats and oils.

p.12
Lipid Functions in Organisms

What is a key energy characteristic of lipids?

They provide 2 times the energy of carbohydrates due to lots of bonds.

p.12
Lipid Functions in Organisms

How do lipids contribute to waterproofing?

They provide waterproofing, such as waxy cuticles.

p.14
Phospholipids and Membrane Structure

What is the nature of the head of a phospholipid?

Hydrophilic (water loving).

p.3
Saturated vs Unsaturated Fatty Acids

What does it mean if all the bonds in a fatty acid are not filled with hydrogen?

It is unsaturated.

p.4
Structure of Triglycerides

What type of reaction occurs when three fatty acids join onto the OH groups of glycerol?

Condensation reaction.

p.17
Saturated vs Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Which fatty acid, X or Y, is unsaturated?

Y.

p.1
Lipid Functions in Organisms

Are lipids soluble in water?

No, they are insoluble in water.

p.20
Chemical Bonds in Lipids

What is bond X in the structure of olestra?

Glycosidic bond.

p.20
Structure of Triglycerides

How does the structure of a triglyceride differ from olestra?

A triglyceride contains glycerol and three fatty acids.

p.17
Phospholipids and Membrane Structure

What molecule forms part A of the phospholipid?

Glycerol.

p.8
Saturated vs Unsaturated Fatty Acids

What distinguishes unsaturated fatty acids from saturated ones?

They have double bond/s between carbons and a kink in the chain.

p.14
Phospholipids and Membrane Structure

What is the nature of the tails of a phospholipid?

Hydrophobic (water hating).

p.19
Saturated vs Unsaturated Fatty Acids

What is an unsaturated fatty acid?

An unsaturated fatty acid contains one or more double bonds between carbon atoms (C=C bonds), meaning it does not contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms.

p.19
Saturated vs Unsaturated Fatty Acids

What is a characteristic of unsaturated fatty acids?

They contain double bonds between carbon atoms.

p.16
Testing for Lipids

What should you add after dissolving the food sample in alcohol?

Add water.

p.15
Structure of Triglycerides

What is the main difference between triglycerides and phospholipids?

Triglycerides consist of three fatty acids and glycerol, while phospholipids have two fatty acids and a phosphate group.

p.7
Saturated vs Unsaturated Fatty Acids

What type of fatty acids do oils mostly contain?

Unsaturated fatty acids.

p.4
Structure of Triglycerides

What molecule do fatty acids attach to in the formation of triglycerides?

Glycerol.

p.18
Lipid Composition in Cell Membranes

What is the percentage of cholesterol in the plasma membrane of red blood cells?

23%.

p.16
Testing for Lipids

What is the first step to test for the presence of lipids in food?

Dissolve the food sample in alcohol.

p.7
Types of Lipids

What are triglycerides that are liquid at room temperature called?

Oils.

p.2
Chemical Bonds in Lipids

What are the properties of alcohols?

They are polar, can form hydrogen bonds, and are soluble in water.

p.4
Structure of Triglycerides

How many fatty acids are involved in forming a triglyceride?

Three fatty acids.

p.13
Phospholipids and Membrane Structure

What is similar to triglyceride but has one fatty acid replaced by a phosphate group?

Phospholipid.

p.14
Phospholipids and Membrane Structure

What replaces the third fatty acid in phospholipids?

A phosphate group.

p.12
Lipid Functions in Organisms

What is one protective function of lipids?

They protect organs, such as the kidneys.

p.1
Types of Lipids

What type of lipids are usually found in plants?

Oils.

p.11
Saturated vs Unsaturated Fatty Acids

What does 'Mono' refer to in terms of double bonds?

One double bond.

p.15
Structure of Triglycerides

What is part A in a triglyceride molecule?

A fatty acid.

p.8
Saturated vs Unsaturated Fatty Acids

How are carbon atoms in saturated fatty acids bonded?

With the maximum number of hydrogens.

p.12
Lipid Functions in Organisms

What role do lipids play in insulation?

They act as slow conductors of heat, providing insulation.

p.5
Structure of Triglycerides

What type of bond is formed when fatty acids attach to glycerol?

Ester bond.

p.1
Structure of Triglycerides

What are fats and oils made up of?

Three fatty acids joined to one glycerol.

p.18
Lipid Composition in Cell Membranes

How do scientists calculate the percentage of each lipid in plasma membranes?

1. Divide the mass of each lipid by the total mass of all lipids in that type of cell; 2. Multiply the answer by 100.

p.19
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Health

What does a negative correlation in the graph imply?

It suggests that as the intake of omega-3 fatty acids increases, the risk of coronary heart disease decreases, but it does not prove prevention.

p.8
Saturated vs Unsaturated Fatty Acids

What is a characteristic of saturated fatty acids?

They have no double bonds between carbons and straight chains.

p.20
Chemical Bonds in Lipids

How many molecules of water are produced when one molecule of olestra is formed?

9 molecules of water.

p.4
Structure of Triglycerides

What bond is formed when fatty acids attach to glycerol?

Ester bond.

p.1
Types of Lipids

What type of lipids are usually found in animals?

Fats.

p.5
Structure of Triglycerides

What is the resulting molecule when three fatty acids and glycerol combine?

Triglyceride.

p.1
Lipid Functions in Organisms

In what type of solvents are lipids soluble?

Organic solvents, e.g., alcohol.

p.18
Lipid Composition in Cell Membranes

What is the total percentage of 'Others' in the plasma membrane of the cell lining the ileum of a mammal?

22%.

p.2
Chemical Bonds in Lipids

What is a type of alcohol?

Ethanol.

p.2
Chemical Bonds in Lipids

What is the general formula for alcohols?

R-OH, where R is a hydrocarbon chain.

p.2
Chemical Bonds in Lipids

What is the primary use of ethanol?

As a recreational beverage and in fuel.

p.15
Saturated vs Unsaturated Fatty Acids

What distinguishes saturated fatty acids from unsaturated fatty acids?

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds.

p.17
Saturated vs Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Why is fatty acid Y considered unsaturated?

It contains a double bond between adjacent carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain.

p.18
Lipid Composition in Cell Membranes

What types of lipids were investigated in plasma membranes?

Cholesterol, Glycolipid, Phospholipid, and Others.

p.18
Lipid Composition in Cell Membranes

What percentage of glycolipid is found in the plasma membrane of the cell lining the ileum of a mammal?

7%.

p.7
Types of Lipids

What are triglycerides that are solid at room temperature called?

Fats.

p.16
Testing for Lipids

What indicates the presence of lipids in the food sample?

A white emulsion forms.

p.7
Saturated vs Unsaturated Fatty Acids

What type of fatty acids do fats mostly contain?

Saturated fatty acids.

p.5
Structure of Triglycerides

What process occurs when three fatty acids join onto the OH groups of glycerol?

Condensation reaction.

p.5
Structure of Triglycerides

What is produced as a byproduct during the formation of a triglyceride?

Water (H2O).

p.1
Chemical Bonds in Lipids

What elements do lipids contain?

Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O).

p.11
Saturated vs Unsaturated Fatty Acids

What does 'Poly' indicate regarding double bonds?

More than one double bond.

p.19
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Health

Do the data show that eating omega-3 fatty acids prevents coronary heart disease?

No, the data show a negative correlation, but correlation does not imply causation. The lower risk may be due to other factors.

p.18
Lipid Composition in Cell Membranes

Which type of lipid is absent in the bacterium Escherichia coli?

Cholesterol and Glycolipid.

p.18
Lipid Composition in Cell Membranes

What percentage of phospholipid is found in the plasma membrane of the bacterium Escherichia coli?

70%.

Study Smarter, Not Harder
Study Smarter, Not Harder