What should you do if you cannot read the prescription properly?
Ask your colleagues (co-pharmacist) first before asking the patient, and ask the physician last.
What are the requirements for dispensing and compounding dangerous drugs?
They must be prescribed in special prescription forms issued by the DDB, recorded in the Dangerous Drugs Book, and kept in a locked cabinet accessible only to the pharmacist.
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p.5
Dispensing Process

What should you do if you cannot read the prescription properly?

Ask your colleagues (co-pharmacist) first before asking the patient, and ask the physician last.

p.4
Dangerous Drugs Regulations

What are the requirements for dispensing and compounding dangerous drugs?

They must be prescribed in special prescription forms issued by the DDB, recorded in the Dangerous Drugs Book, and kept in a locked cabinet accessible only to the pharmacist.

p.4
Dangerous Drugs Regulations

What information must a pharmacist check when dispensing dangerous drugs?

Opium license number of the physician (S2 license), professional license number, and residence certificate of the buyer (optional).

p.5
Compounding Medications

What should be done to avoid mix-ups and confusion during compounding?

Prepare the label before compounding.

p.5
Prescription Components

What information should be included on the label of a compounded prescription?

Number of Prescription, Date of filling, Name of Patient, Quality (name) and quantity of ingredients, Directions for administration, Name of Physician, Initials of the pharmacist.

p.4
Dangerous Drugs Regulations

What are List B drugs and what is required for their prescription?

List B drugs require an S2 license and may be prescribed using an ordinary Rx. They must be kept in the prescription counter.

p.4
Dangerous Drugs Regulations

What must a pharmacist do with the original prescription for dangerous drugs?

Keep and file the original prescription.

p.5
Patient Counseling Techniques

What are auxiliary labels used for?

To provide safety and warning information such as proper use, handling, storage, refill status, and necessary warnings and precautions.

p.4
Dangerous Drugs Regulations

What is required in the quarterly report for dangerous drugs?

A copy of all transactions must be submitted to the Municipal Health Officer within 15 days following the last day of every quarter, and may also be submitted to the local PDEA/DDB office.

p.5
Dangerous Drugs Regulations

What are the requirements for dispensing narcotics?

The prescriber must have an S-2 license, use a special DDB Prescription form, and follow a recording system as per DDB regulations.

p.4
Dispensing Process

Why should reading and analyzing the prescription be done in a private area?

To avoid the patient seeing the pharmacist's facial expressions, which may be offensive to the patient.

p.4
Dispensing Process

What should a pharmacist do if they encounter indistinct words or omissions in a prescription?

Consult another pharmacist or the prescriber.

p.3
Types of Prescriptions

What are non-prescription or OTC drugs?

Drugs that can be dispensed without the written order of a validly-registered licensed physician, dentist, or veterinarian.

p.1
Pharmaceutical Care Goals

What are the outcomes sought in pharmaceutical care?

Cure of a patient's disease, elimination or reduction of symptomatology, arresting or slowing of a disease process, and prevention of a disease or symptomatology.

p.1
Patient Information Requirements

What patient information is required on a prescription?

Complete name, sex, address, age, weight, allergy information, and body surface area (BSA).

p.2
Prescription Components

What is the subscription in a prescription?

Directions to the pharmacist for the preparation of the drug, which may require compounding or specify commercially manufactured products.

p.6
Dispensing Process

What are the disadvantages of using plastic containers for packaging medications?

Permeable to atmospheric gases and moisture vapor, subject to leaching, and can be deformed with extreme temperature.

p.6
Dispensing Process

What should be rechecked before dispensing a prescription?

All details of the label against the prescription order, including directions, patient's name, prescription number, date, and prescriber's name.

p.3
Dangerous Drugs Regulations

What are prohibited drugs and some examples?

Prohibited drugs include opium and its derivatives (e.g., heroin, morphine), cocoa leaf and its derivatives (e.g., cocaine), hallucinogenic drugs (e.g., mescaline, LSD), and Indian hemp and its derivatives.

p.6
Dispensing Process

What are the methods of pricing prefabricated dosage forms?

% Mark-up Method and including the cost of containers in the cost of ingredients.

p.2
Types of Prescriptions

What does a prescription for a pre-fabricated product contain?

Name, dosage form, and quantity to be dispensed that have been prepared by the manufacturer.

p.2
Dangerous Drugs Regulations

How long should the Dangerous Drugs Book be kept after the last entry?

1 year.

p.6
Dispensing Process

What are the advantages of using plastic containers for packaging medications?

Lightness of weight, resistance to breakage, and versatile design.

p.3
Types of Prescriptions

What are beyond-the-counter drugs?

Non-prescription drugs that require the supervision of the pharmacist because they might require special precautions.

p.4
Dispensing Process

What are the steps in processing a prescription order?

1. Receive the prescription, 2. Read and check/analyze the prescription, 3. Number and date the prescription, 4. Prepare the label, 5. Prepare/Compound and package the drug product, 6. Recheck the label of the product vs. the prescription, 7. Check the price of the product & inform the buyer, 8. Deliver the product, 9. Provide patient counseling, 10. Record and file the prescription.

p.5
Dangerous Drugs Regulations

What is the procedure for dispensing drugs in List A and List B?

Done by the pharmacist, follow the doctor's order & instructions, retain the prescription for partial filling of List A drugs, and keep the original prescription for 1 year for inspection.

p.3
Drug Classification and Regulations

What are the types of cough syrups and their uses?

Antitussive/cough suppressant for non-productive cough (dry, no phlegm), mucolytic for sticky productive cough (with phlegm), and expectorant for easy-to-expel productive cough (with phlegm).

p.5
Compounding Medications

What should be considered when organizing the method for compounding?

Adjuvant used, order of mixing, amount of each ingredient, capsule size, type and size of container, and name and product identification number of the manufacturer.

p.1
Types of Prescriptions

Who can issue prescriptions in the Philippines?

Physicians, Dentists, and Veterinarians.

p.6
Dispensing Process

What is the correct way to deliver a prescription to a patient?

Personally present the Rx medication to the patient or provide appropriate instructions if delivered to the patient's home or office.

p.1
Prescription Components

What is the inscription part of a prescription?

The principal or most important part of the prescription order that identifies the names, dose per unit, dosage forms, and quantities of each prescribed ingredient/drug.

p.2
Types of Prescriptions

What does a compounded prescription contain?

Lists of ingredients to be used to compound or prepare a certain medication or dosage form.

p.2
Dangerous Drugs Regulations

How long should the Prescription Book be kept after the last entry?

2 years.

p.5
Dispensing Process

What should be done in the case of partial filling of a prescription?

Write the date of partial filling, quantity served & balance of the prescription, and the name & address of the drugstore on the prescription.

p.5
Prescription Components

What is the importance of numbering and dating the prescription?

To identify the bottle or package and provide a reference for the original medication order.

p.3
Dangerous Drugs Regulations

What are regulated drugs and some examples?

Regulated drugs include sleep-inducing sedatives (e.g., secobarbital, phenobarbital), amphetamines (e.g., Benzedrine, Dexedrine), and hypnotic drugs (e.g., methaqualone).

p.1
Medication Orders

What are medication orders intended for?

Use in the institutional setting such as hospitals, mental asylums, rehabilitation centers, and home care facilities.

p.2
Compounding Medications

What are the types of ingredients when compounding a prescription?

Basis, Adjuvant, Corrective, Diluent/Bulking agent.

p.2
Medication Orders

What are the three types of incorrect prescriptions?

Erroneous Prescription, Violative Prescription, Impossible Prescription.

p.2
Medication Orders

What constitutes a violative prescription?

Generic name is not written, not legible, or brand name is indicated with instructions that hinder generic dispensing.

p.2
Drug Classification and Regulations

What are prescription or ethical drugs?

Drugs dispensed upon written order of a validly-registered licensed physician, dentist, or veterinarian for the management or treatment of a condition or disease.

p.5
Prescription Components

What information is required on a drug outlet's label?

Name of the patient, Generic name of the drug, Brand name (if any), Manufacturer, Dosage strength, Expiry Date, Directions for use, Name of the Pharmacist, Batch number.

p.6
Dispensing Process

What is sorption in the context of medication packaging?

Sorption is the reverse of leaching; the content attacks the container either through absorption or adsorption.

p.1
Dispensing Process

What is the act of giving medication to the patient called?

Dispensing.

p.1
Dispensing Process

What are the pharmacist's functions in the dispensing process?

Taking the prescription order from the patient or physician, preparing the drug according to the instructions of a physician or dentist, and delivering it to the patient with proper instructions.

p.1
Prescription Components

What is a prescription?

A written order and instruction from a licensed prescriber to the pharmacist for the use of drug products for a specific patient.

p.6
Dispensing Process

How can the quality of a compounded prescription be ensured?

By correctly following the procedures and adding the ingredients in the correct amount, as there are no quality control tests for compounded medications.

p.2
Compounding Medications

What is the role of an adjuvant ingredient in compounding?

It enhances the effect or aids the basis.

p.2
Compounding Medications

What is the role of a diluent or bulking agent in compounding?

It increases the bulk of the preparation.

p.6
Dispensing Process

What is leaching in the context of medication packaging?

Leaching is when the chemical composition of the container contaminates the content.

p.6
Dispensing Process

What is the purpose of child-resistant containers?

To prevent accidental poisoning resulting from ingestion of medication and other household chemicals by children.

p.6
Dispensing Process

What are the methods of pricing compounded dosage forms?

% Mark-up + minimum fee method and Professional Fee Method.

p.2
Drug Classification and Regulations

What is the purpose of R.A. No. 6675 (Generics Law)?

To promote, require, and ensure that drugs and medicines are identified by their generic names.

p.3
Types of Prescriptions

What are some examples of non-prescription drugs?

Multivitamin products of low dosage, anti-TB drugs except injectables, cough syrups containing dextromethorphan, household remedies except paregoric, simple analgesics (Aspirin, Acetaminophen/Paracetamol, Biogesic), and 500 mg Mefenamic acid (prescription required for >600 mg).

p.4
Patient Counseling Techniques

What is the importance of receiving the prescription directly from the patient?

It enhances the patient-pharmacist relationship, facilitates gathering of essential disease and drug information, and helps assess the patient's knowledge extent for better patient counseling.

p.3
Dangerous Drugs Regulations

What are dangerous drugs (List A drugs) and their prescription requirements?

Dangerous drugs require a special prescription form (DDB FORM), a yellow prescription issued by PDEA, and an S2 license. Their use is monitored by the DDB or PDEA.

p.1
Prescription Components

Why is the date important on a prescription?

It helps establish the medication record of the patient, track fills and refills, establish treatment history, and prevent misuse of prescriptions, especially those containing narcotics and controlled drugs.

p.1
Prescription Components

What information should be included about the prescriber on a prescription?

Prescriber's name, clinic address, clinic hours, telephone number, name of institutional affiliation/office, PRC license number, PTR license number, S-2 license number (optional), and prescriber's signature.

p.2
Compounding Medications

What is the role of a basis ingredient in compounding?

It is the active pharmaceutical ingredient that elicits pharmacological or therapeutic activity.

p.2
Medication Orders

What constitutes an impossible prescription?

Generic name is not legible, does not correspond to the brand name, or both names are not legible, or the drug product is not registered.

p.4
Compounding Medications

What is the role of magistral pharmacy in pharmaceutical practice?

It involves the preparation or compounding and dispensing of prescriptions extemporaneously or as required by the physician's needs.

p.6
Dispensing Process

What is the goal of rechecking a prescription before dispensing?

To ensure quality assurance and to give the right drug to the right patient at the right time.

p.1
Prescription Components

What information is required on a prescription?

Date, patient's information (name, age, gender, address, telephone number), superscription, subscription, inscription, signa/direction for use, signature of doctors, licenses (PRC, PTR, S2), address and telephone number of doctor, name of drugs, generic name, brand name, dosage form/strength, route of administration, frequency and duration of use.

p.1
Prescription Components

What does the Rx symbol in a prescription represent?

It is a Latin verb 'recipe' meaning 'give/take thou' or 'you take/give' and signifies the beginning of the direct order of the prescriber to the pharmacist to fill the order and dispense the prescription.

p.2
Compounding Medications

What is the role of a corrective ingredient in compounding?

It corrects undesirable physical properties, such as concealing spots or masking bitter taste, and lessens side effects.

p.2
Prescription Components

What should be included in the signatura or transcription?

Instructions on when to take the medicine, precautions, and simple instructions on how to take the medicine.

p.2
Dangerous Drugs Regulations

How long should the Poison Book be kept after the last entry?

5 years.

p.3
Types of Prescriptions

What types of drugs require a prescription?

All antibiotics except some ointments, all injectables, cough syrups containing any amount of narcotics (except dextromethorphan), vitamin products containing more than 10,000 units of Vitamin A, highly potent drugs for special medication (e.g., steroids, digitoxin), paregoric elixir, and all drugs bearing the Rx symbol on their labels.

p.3
Drug Classification and Regulations

What is paregoric, and what are its properties?

Paregoric, or camphorated tincture of opium, is a medication known for its antidiarrheal, antitussive, and analgesic properties.

p.1
Pharmaceutical Care Goals

What is the goal of pharmaceutical care?

To improve an individual patient's quality of life through the achievement of definite, medication-related therapeutic outcomes.

p.6
Dispensing Process

Which types of medications are exempt from being dispensed in child-resistant containers?

Oral contraceptives, cardiac drugs, epileptic medications, anti-Parkinson's medications, products for childless persons, arthritic and debilitated patients, and products used in institutionalized settings.

p.6
Dispensing Process

What should be included in the cost of ingredients for compounded dosage forms?

The cost of ingredients plus the professional fee or minimum fee, which covers incidentals such as electricity and water used in compounding.

p.2
Types of Prescriptions

What are the two types of prescriptions based on inscription?

Compounded Rx and Rx for pre-fabricated product.

p.2
Prescription Components

What is the signatura or transcription in a prescription?

Directions to the patient on how to use the medicine.

p.2
Medication Orders

What constitutes an erroneous prescription?

Brand name precedes the generic name, generic name is in parenthesis, or brand name is not in parenthesis.

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