Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically messenger RNA (mRNA), which carries the genetic information to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
A Prokaryotic cell is a type of cell that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles, typically smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells.
A Eukaryotic cell is a type of cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles, generally larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.
Cellular Respiration is the metabolic process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water.
Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH.
The Citric Acid Cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA.
The Electron Transport Chain is a series of protein complexes and other molecules that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, ultimately producing ATP.
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, using carbon dioxide and water.
The Calvin Cycle is a set of chemical reactions that take place in the chloroplasts of photosynthetic organisms, converting carbon dioxide into glucose using ATP and NADPH.
A Chromosome is a long, continuous thread of DNA that contains many genes and regulatory elements, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the mRNA transcript as a template, translating the sequence of nucleotides into a sequence of amino acids.
