Outcomes are unevenly distributed, vary across scales, and are differently manifested throughout the world.
The idea that human behavior is determined by the environment, which has been largely rejected by geographers.
Maps we carry in our minds of places we have been and places we have heard of, including landmarks and paths.
The study of how people make places, organize space and society, interact in places and across space, and make sense of themselves and others in their locality, region, and world.
A method of collecting data by instruments that are physically distant from the area of study.
Increasing interactions, deepening relationships, and heightening interdependence without regard to country borders.
Formal regions, functional regions, and perceptual regions.
Concrete and abstract spatial, with abstract spatial defined by function and processes rather than location.
The spatial arrangement of places and phenomena, including how things are organized on Earth and why they appear on the landscape.
An all-encompassing term that identifies the tangible lifestyle of people, along with their prevailing values and beliefs.
The territorial extent of something, influencing how we understand phenomena across local, regional, national, and global contexts.
The process of dissemination, or the spread of an idea or innovation from its heart to other areas.
Differences in population, way of life, behavior, built-up area, technology, density, diversity, and infrastructure.
A collection of computer hardware and software that permits storage and analysis of layers of spatial data.
An area that has urban characteristics but still retains agricultural surroundings.
Location, Human Environment, Region, Place, and Movement.
The study of how people are defined by their culture and how cultural practices influence interactions with the environment.
The visible human imprint on the landscape, reflecting religious, cultural, migration, and intercultural processes.
Contagious diffusion happens without effort, while hierarchical diffusion works by levels, such as in government.
