Question 1

The ECM is found in ___ tissues.

Accepted Answer

all

Question 2

The ECM has a ___ structure, allowing it to adapt and change.

Accepted Answer

dynamic

Question 3

Chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate are types of ___.

Accepted Answer

glycosaminoglycans

Question 4

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome can lead to fragility of ___ vessels.

Accepted Answer

blood

Question 5

Collagens are a major component of the ___ in the extracellular matrix.

Accepted Answer

fibers

Question 6

Collagens are produced by ___ cells in the body.

Accepted Answer

fibroblast

Question 7

The activation of secreted pro-MMPs is ___ regulated.

Accepted Answer

highly

Question 8

Cells such as smooth and skeletal muscle, adipocytes, and ___ cells are associated with the basement membrane.

Accepted Answer

Schwann

Question 9

Alport syndrome is linked to mutations in ___ collagen genes.

Accepted Answer

type IV

Question 10

Risk factors for vitamin C deficiency include ___ and smoking.

Accepted Answer

alcoholism

Question 11

The ECM plays a role in cell ___, differentiation, and viability.

Accepted Answer

mitotic activity

Question 12

Most individuals with Marfan syndrome have ___ valve prolapse.

Accepted Answer

mitral

Question 13

___ are structures that anchor the cell to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and connect to the cytoskeleton.

Accepted Answer

Focal adhesions

Question 14

There are over ___ different types of collagen identified in the human body.

Accepted Answer

28

Question 15

___ are proteins that inhibit the activity of MMPs.

Accepted Answer

TIMPS

Question 16

Key components of the basement membrane include ___ IV and ___.

Accepted Answer

Col, laminin

Question 17

Proteoglycans consist of a core protein with covalently bound ___.

Accepted Answer

GAG

Question 18

Fad diets can contribute to vitamin C deficiency, with an overall deficiency rate of ___%.

Accepted Answer

7

Question 19

The enzyme responsible for crosslinking in collagen synthesis is ___ oxidase.

Accepted Answer

lysyl

Question 20

The integration of the ECM with the cell cytoskeleton is crucial for ___ and ___ signaling.

Accepted Answer

mechanical, biochemical

Question 21

Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP) are involved in ___ remodeling.

Accepted Answer

ECM

Question 22

___ are important for cell adhesion and are a class of ECM components.

Accepted Answer

Adhesive glycoproteins

Question 23

Integrins are a type of ___ that connect the extracellular matrix to the cell.

Accepted Answer

adhesive glycoproteins

Question 24

___ is an inflammatory disease that affects the joints.

Accepted Answer

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 25

Proteoglycans limit ___ in the extracellular matrix.

Accepted Answer

diffusion

Question 26

The composition of ECM determines ___ and tissue stiffness.

Accepted Answer

function

Question 27

One major class of ECM types is ___.

Accepted Answer

Fibers

Question 28

___ are proteins that are heavily glycosylated and play a key role in the ECM.

Accepted Answer

Proteoglycans

Question 29

Individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta often exhibit ___ sclerae and ___ stature.

Accepted Answer

blue, short

Question 30

Osteogenesis imperfecta is inherited in an ___ manner.

Accepted Answer

autosomal dominant

Question 31

The state of proteoglycans is described as ___.

Accepted Answer

gel

Question 32

Glycosaminoglycans are characterized as long, ___ chains.

Accepted Answer

unbranched

Question 33

One of the key functions of the ECM is ___, which affects various cellular processes.

Accepted Answer

signaling

Question 34

An important regulatory step in collagen synthesis is the ___ of proline and lysine.

Accepted Answer

hydroxylation

Question 35

___ is a key protein that provides elasticity to tissues.

Accepted Answer

Elastin

Question 36

___ is a protein that interacts with elastin and contributes to the stability of elastic fibers.

Accepted Answer

Fibulin-5

Question 37

Adhesive glycoproteins connect ___ and ___ in the extracellular matrix.

Accepted Answer

ECM, cell

Question 38

ECM stiffness in the lungs is modulated by ___ cross-linking.

Accepted Answer

LOX

Question 39

Unbalanced ___ production contributes to the progression of osteoarthritis.

Accepted Answer

MMP

Question 40

Classical EDS is associated with mutations in ___ or ___.

Accepted Answer

Col5, Col1

Question 41

The deficiency rate for women during the same period was ___%.

Accepted Answer

6

Question 42

The periosteum in individuals with Marfan syndrome is abnormally ___.

Accepted Answer

elastic

Question 43

One type of glycosaminoglycan is ___ acid.

Accepted Answer

hyaluronic

Question 44

___ is a glycoprotein that plays a crucial role in the formation of elastic fibers.

Accepted Answer

Fibrillin-1

Question 45

___ are a type of major ECM component that includes molecules like hyaluronic acid.

Accepted Answer

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

Question 46

The overall tensile strength of scar tissue is ___ than that of normal tissue.

Accepted Answer

less

Question 47

Osteogenesis imperfecta primarily involves defects in ___ collagen.

Accepted Answer

type I

Question 48

One of the symptoms of vitamin C deficiency is ___, which can indicate poor health.

Accepted Answer

bruising

Question 49

Vascular EDS is also inherited in an ___ manner.

Accepted Answer

autosomal dominant

Question 50

Mutations in collagen 1 are rare in both classical and vascular EDS but are usually associated with ___ EDS.

Accepted Answer

arthrochalasia

Question 51

Heparan sulfate is classified as a type of ___.

Accepted Answer

glycosaminoglycan

Question 52

The ___ membrane is a thin, fibrous layer that separates epithelial cells from underlying tissues.

Accepted Answer

basement

Question 53

Collagens in the ECM are essential for providing ___ strength to various tissues.

Accepted Answer

tensile

Question 54

___ are important for cell adhesion and are a class of ECM components.

Accepted Answer

Adhesive glycoproteins

Question 55

The mean stability of elastin in the lung ECM is ___ years.

Accepted Answer

74

Question 56

More than ___% of cases are associated with mutations in the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes.

Accepted Answer

90

Question 57

Emphysema can be related to a deficiency in ___1.

Accepted Answer

AAT

Question 58

A characteristic feature of Classical EDS is ___ scarring.

Accepted Answer

atrophic

Question 59

Marfan syndrome is caused by mutations in ___ - 1.

Accepted Answer

Fibrillin

Question 60

Glycosaminoglycans carry a ___ charge.

Accepted Answer

negative

Question 61

A common symptom of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is ___ scarring.

Accepted Answer

atrophic

Question 62

Each tissue has a unique ___ composition.

Accepted Answer

ECM

Question 63

The ability of a tissue to return to its original shape after stretching is referred to as ___.

Accepted Answer

elasticity

Question 64

In lung ECM, collagen turnover is approximately ___% per day.

Accepted Answer

3 - 10

The ECM is found in ___ tissues.

The ECM has a ___ structure, allowing it to adapt and change.

Chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate are types of ___.

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome can lead to fragility of ___ vessels.

Collagens are a major component of the ___ in the extracellular matrix.

Collagens are produced by ___ cells in the body.

The activation of secreted pro-MMPs is ___ regulated.

Cells such as smooth and skeletal muscle, adipocytes, and ___ cells are associated with the basement membrane.

Alport syndrome is linked to mutations in ___ collagen genes.

Risk factors for vitamin C deficiency include ___ and smoking.

The ECM plays a role in cell ___, differentiation, and viability.

Most individuals with Marfan syndrome have ___ valve prolapse.

___ are structures that anchor the cell to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and connect to the cytoskeleton.

There are over ___ different types of collagen identified in the human body.

___ are proteins that inhibit the activity of MMPs.

Key components of the basement membrane include ___ IV and ___.

Proteoglycans consist of a core protein with covalently bound ___.

Fad diets can contribute to vitamin C deficiency, with an overall deficiency rate of ___%.

The enzyme responsible for crosslinking in collagen synthesis is ___ oxidase.

The integration of the ECM with the cell cytoskeleton is crucial for ___ and ___ signaling.

Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP) are involved in ___ remodeling.

___ are important for cell adhesion and are a class of ECM components.

Integrins are a type of ___ that connect the extracellular matrix to the cell.

___ is an inflammatory disease that affects the joints.

Proteoglycans limit ___ in the extracellular matrix.

The composition of ECM determines ___ and tissue stiffness.

One major class of ECM types is ___.

___ are proteins that are heavily glycosylated and play a key role in the ECM.

Individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta often exhibit ___ sclerae and ___ stature.

Osteogenesis imperfecta is inherited in an ___ manner.

The state of proteoglycans is described as ___.

Glycosaminoglycans are characterized as long, ___ chains.

One of the key functions of the ECM is ___, which affects various cellular processes.

An important regulatory step in collagen synthesis is the ___ of proline and lysine.

___ is a key protein that provides elasticity to tissues.

___ is a protein that interacts with elastin and contributes to the stability of elastic fibers.

Adhesive glycoproteins connect ___ and ___ in the extracellular matrix.

ECM stiffness in the lungs is modulated by ___ cross-linking.

Unbalanced ___ production contributes to the progression of osteoarthritis.

Classical EDS is associated with mutations in ___ or ___.

The deficiency rate for women during the same period was ___%.

The periosteum in individuals with Marfan syndrome is abnormally ___.

One type of glycosaminoglycan is ___ acid.

___ is a glycoprotein that plays a crucial role in the formation of elastic fibers.

___ are a type of major ECM component that includes molecules like hyaluronic acid.

The overall tensile strength of scar tissue is ___ than that of normal tissue.

Osteogenesis imperfecta primarily involves defects in ___ collagen.

One of the symptoms of vitamin C deficiency is ___, which can indicate poor health.

Vascular EDS is also inherited in an ___ manner.

Mutations in collagen 1 are rare in both classical and vascular EDS but are usually associated with ___ EDS.

Heparan sulfate is classified as a type of ___.

The ___ membrane is a thin, fibrous layer that separates epithelial cells from underlying tissues.

Collagens in the ECM are essential for providing ___ strength to various tissues.

___ are important for cell adhesion and are a class of ECM components.

The mean stability of elastin in the lung ECM is ___ years.

More than ___% of cases are associated with mutations in the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes.

Emphysema can be related to a deficiency in ___1.

A characteristic feature of Classical EDS is ___ scarring.

Marfan syndrome is caused by mutations in ___ - 1.

Glycosaminoglycans carry a ___ charge.

A common symptom of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is ___ scarring.

Each tissue has a unique ___ composition.

The ability of a tissue to return to its original shape after stretching is referred to as ___.

In lung ECM, collagen turnover is approximately ___% per day.

The ___ lamina is a component of the basement membrane.

___ is a degenerative disease affecting articular cartilage.

Proteoglycans are characterized as being very large and ___ filling.

In 2003-04, the deficiency rate for men was ___%.

Glycosaminoglycans are composed of repeating ___.

Individuals with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome often exhibit ___ joint hypermobility.

For certain types of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, ___ testing is needed.

Lysyl oxidase crosslinking provides ___ to collagen fibers.

___ are a type of major ECM component that includes hyaluronic acid.

In the later stages of wound healing, fibronectin helps maintain tissue ___ and provides a foundation for collagen deposition.

Osteogenesis imperfecta is characterized by ___ bones and frequent ___.

Articular cartilage is primarily composed of ___ and specific ___.

Activated ___ cells degrade cartilage in rheumatoid arthritis.

Proteoglycans impede the movement of ___.

Approximately ___ % of individuals with Marfan syndrome experience lens dislocation.

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is characterized by ___ of the skin.

Key components of the basement membrane include _ IV and _.

The integration of the ECM with the cell cytoskeleton is crucial for _ and _ signaling.

Individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta often exhibit _ sclerae and _ stature.

Adhesive glycoproteins connect _ and _ in the extracellular matrix.

Classical EDS is associated with mutations in _ or _.

Osteogenesis imperfecta is characterized by _ bones and frequent _.

Articular cartilage is primarily composed of _ and specific _.

Stickler syndrome is associated with _ collagen and _ collagen.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is associated with a change in the _/_ ratio.

Vascular EDS is associated with mutations in _ or _.

Aggrecan degradation is common in both _ and _.

The basement membrane consists of the _ and _ layers.

The profibrotic phenotype of fibroblasts is promoted by changes in ECM and the use of _ and _.

Fibronectin plays an early role in wound healing by sealing the wound and guiding _ and _ cells for repair.

The functions of the basement membrane include _, migration, and _.