p.1
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
What is the most common birth defect caused by alcohol?
Fetal alcohol syndrome, which includes IUGR, mental deficiency, microcephaly, ocular anomalies, joint abnormalities, and short palpebral fissures.
p.1
Infections Causing Birth Defects
What birth defects can rubella virus cause?
IUGR, postnatal growth retardation, cardiac and great vessel abnormalities, microcephaly, sensorineural deafness, and cataracts.
p.1
Effects of Radiation on Fetal Development
What are the effects of high levels of ionizing radiation on fetal development?
Microcephaly, mental deficiency, skeletal anomalies, growth retardation, and cataracts.
p.1
CNS Malformations and Aminopterin
What are the effects of aminopterin on fetal development?
IUGR, skeletal defects, and CNS malformations, notably meroencephaly.
p.1
Isotretinoin and Craniofacial Abnormalities
What congenital issues can isotretinoin cause?
Craniofacial abnormalities, neural tube defects, cardiovascular defects, cleft palate, and thymic aplasia.
p.1
Effects of Androgens and Progestogens
What birth defects can androgens and high doses of progestogens cause in female fetuses?
Various degrees of masculinization, including ambiguous external genitalia, labial fusion, and clitoral hypertrophy.
p.1
Lithium Carbonate and Cardiac Defects
What are the effects of lithium carbonate on fetal development?
Various defects, usually involving the heart and great vessels.
p.1
Infections Causing Birth Defects
What are the consequences of methylmercury exposure during pregnancy?
Cerebral atrophy, spasticity, seizures, and mental deficiency.
p.1
Cocaine and Its Impact on Fetal Development
What defects are associated with cocaine use during pregnancy?
IUGR, prematurity, microcephaly, cerebral infarction, urogenital defects, and neurobehavioral disturbances.
p.1
Teratogens and Birth Defects
What birth defects are associated with methotrexate?
Multiple defects, especially skeletal, involving the face, cranium, limbs, and vertebral column.
p.1
Diethylstilbestrol and Reproductive Abnormalities
What abnormalities are linked to diethylstilbestrol exposure?
Abnormalities of the uterus and vagina, cervical erosion, and ridges.
