Much of the keratinocyte cytoplasm is filled with {{c1::tonofilaments}}.
(picture)
The small dark bodies in the melanocyte processes are {{c1::melanosomes}}.
(picture)
1/181
p.12
Epidermal Cell Types

Much of the keratinocyte cytoplasm is filled with {{c1::tonofilaments}}.

(picture)

p.18
Epidermal Cell Types

The small dark bodies in the melanocyte processes are {{c1::melanosomes}}.

(picture)

p.8
Epidermal Cell Types

In addition to lipids and enzymes, lamellar bodies contain {{c1::proteases}}.

(picture)

p.7
Skin Structure and Layers

Because of their appearance, the cells in the stratum spinosum are known as {{c1::prickle cells}}.

(picture)

p.11
Skin Types: Thick vs. Thin

Stratum lucidum is only seen in {{c1::thick skin}}.

(picture)

p.16
Skin Structure and Layers

The epidermis consists mainly of a stratified squamous keratinized epithelium composed of cells called {{c1::keratinocytes}}.

(picture)

p.13
Skin Structure and Layers

Highest concentrations of 7-dehydrocholesterol are found in the epidermal layer of skin—specifically in the {{c1::stratum basale}} and {{c2::stratum spinosum}}.

(picture)

p.7
Skin Structure and Layers

Most superficial spinous cells, nuclei become {{c1::elongate}} instead of ovoid, and shape of the cells become {{c1::squamous}}.

(picture)

p.10
Skin Structure and Layers

Usually, an abrupt transition occurs between the nucleated cells of the stratum granulosum and flattened, desiccated, anucleate cells of the {{c1::stratum corneum}}.

(picture)

p.8
Functions of the Skin

The organization of intercellular lipid lamellae is responsible for the formation of the {{c1::epidermal water barrier}}.

(picture)

p.5
Skin Structure and Layers

The epidermis is composed of {{c1::stratified squamous epithelium}}.

(picture)

p.14
Skin Structure and Layers

{{c1::Epidermal ridges}} or {{c1::rete ridges}} project into the dermis.

(picture)

p.7
Skin Structure and Layers

As the cells mature and move to the surface, they increase in size and become {{c1::flattened}} in a plane parallel to the surface.

(picture)

p.11
Skin Structure and Layers

Cells in the stratum lucidum contain {{c1::eleidin}}.

(picture)

p.11
Skin Structure and Layers

In the light microscope, stratum lucidum often has a {{c1::refractile appearance}} and may stain poorly.

(picture)

p.10
Skin Structure and Layers

They lose their nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles and become filled almost entirely with {{c1::keratin filaments}}.

(picture)

p.10
Skin Structure and Layers

Thickness of this layer varies in the epidermis of {{c1::thick}} and {{c1::thin}} skin.

(picture)

p.24
Epidermal Cell Types

What type of sensory receptor is labeled as 'c' in the image?

{{c1::Pacinian corpuscle}}

p.4
Skin Types: Thick vs. Thin

Skin is categorized as thick or thin, depending on the thickness of the {{c1::epidermis}}.

(picture)

p.26
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

Skin appendages are derived from down growth of {{c1::epidermal epithelium}} during development.

(picture)

p.4
Skin Types: Thick vs. Thin

Hairless skin on the palms and soles is referred to as {{c1::thick skin}}.

(picture)

p.25
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

The concentric cellular lamellae of the {{c1::Pacinian}} corpuscle are visible because of flat, fibroblast-like supportive cells.

(picture)

p.16
Epidermal Cell Types

Three less abundant epidermal cell types are: pigment-producing {{c1::melanocytes}}, antigen-presenting {{c1::Langerhans cells}}, and tactile epithelial cells or {{c1::Merkel cells}}.

(picture)

p.15
Skin Structure and Layers

The dermis is composed of two layers: the {{c1::papillary layer (PL)}} and the {{c1::reticular layer (RL)}}.

(picture)

p.11
Skin Structure and Layers

In the stratum lucidum, the nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles become disrupted and disappear as the cell gradually fills with {{c1::keratin}}.

(picture)

p.8
Functions of the Skin

Destruction of the epidermal water barrier over large areas, as in severe burns, can lead to {{c1::life-threatening loss of fluid}} from the body.

(picture)

p.6
Skin Structure and Layers

Stratum basale (aka stratum germinativum) is a single layer of {{c1::columnar or cuboidal}} cells.

(picture)

p.9
Skin Structure and Layers

Keratohyalin granules contain cystine-rich and histidine-rich proteins, which are the precursors of the protein {{c1::filaggrin}}.

(picture)

p.17
Epidermal Cell Types

Melanocytes do not form {{c1::desmosomes}} with neighboring keratinocytes.

(picture)

p.6
Skin Structure and Layers

Basal cells are connected to each other and to the supra-basal keratinocytes by {{c1::desmosomes}}.

(picture)

p.13
Epidermal Derivatives

7-dehydrocholesterol is converted to vitamin D3 ({{c1::Cholecalciferol}}) by {{c2::sunlight}}.

(picture)

p.12
Epidermal Cell Types

Near the plasma membrane closest to the surface (upper left), two keratinocytes display {{c1::lamellar bodies}} (arrowheads).

(picture)

p.15
Skin Structure and Layers

The papillary layer consists of {{c1::loose connective tissue}} and is located immediately underneath the {{c1::epidermis}}.

(picture)

p.10
Skin Structure and Layers

Thick plasma membrane of these keratinized cells is coated from the outside with an extracellular layer of lipids that forms {{c1::water barrier}}.

(picture)

p.9
Skin Structure and Layers

Stratum granulosum is the most superficial layer of the {{c1::nonkeratinized}} portion of the epidermis.

(picture)

p.9
Skin Structure and Layers

Keratinocytes in the stratum granulosum contain numerous {{c1::keratohyalin granules}}.

(picture)

p.20
Melanin Production and Disorders

Albinism results from defective production of melanin from tyrosine through a complex pathway of {{c1::metabolic reactions}}.

(picture)

p.6
Skin Structure and Layers

Basal cells in the stratum basale contain {{c1::melanin}} in their cytoplasm that is transferred from neighboring melanocytes.

(picture)

p.26
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

Eccrine sweat glands and their product, {{c1::sweat}}.

(picture)

p.25
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

The spaces between lamellae in the Pacinian corpuscle contain mostly {{c1::fluid}}.

(picture)

p.30
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

Apocrine glands are located in the {{c1::axilla}}, {{c1::areola}}, and {{c1::nipple}} of the mammary gland; skin around the {{c1::anus}}; and the {{c1::external genitalia}}.

(picture)

p.30
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

Apocrine glands become functional at {{c1::puberty}}.

(picture)

p.18
Epidermal Cell Types

Keratinocytes phagocytose the tips of the melanocyte processes containing the melanosomes, the process is {{c1::pigment donation}}.

(picture)

p.8
Epidermal Cell Types

The mixture of probarrier lipids and lipid-processing enzymes is assembled into {{c1::lamellar bodies}} in the {{c1::Golgi apparatus}}.

(picture)

p.10
Skin Structure and Layers

Stratum corneum varies in {{c1::thickness}}.

(picture)

p.17
Epidermal Cell Types

Melanocytes are derived from {{c1::Neural crest cells}}.

(picture)

p.26
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

Eccrine sweat gland has a duct that opens on the {{c1::surface}}.

(picture)

p.5
Skin Structure and Layers

The deepest layer of the epidermis is the {{c1::stratum basale}}, also known as {{c1::stratum germinativum}}.

(picture)

p.9
Skin Structure and Layers

Keratohyalin granules are irregular in shape and variable in size and have intense {{c1::basophilic}} staining.

(picture)

p.5
Skin Structure and Layers

The stratum granulosum contains numerous {{c1::intensely staining granules}}.

(picture)

p.22
Epidermal Cell Types

Langerhans’ cells are part of the {{c1::mononuclear phagocyte system}}.

(picture)

p.22
Epidermal Cell Types

The nucleus of a Langerhans’ cell is {{c1::indented in many places}}.

(picture)

p.22
Epidermal Cell Types

In patients with AIDS, HIV, the Langerhans’ cells contain {{c1::HIV (virus)}} in their cytoplasm and may serve as a reservoir for the virus.

(picture)

p.23
Epidermal Cell Types

Merkel’s cells are dendritic cells located in the {{c1::stratum basale}}.

(picture)

p.29
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

Eccrine sweat glands are independent structures, not associated with the {{c1::hair follicle}}.

(picture)

p.29
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

Dark cells in the secretory segment of eccrine sweat glands have abundant {{c1::rER}} and secretory granules.

(picture)

p.13
Epidermal Derivatives

7-dehydrocholesterol is synthesized from {{c1::cholesterol}}.

(picture)

p.18
Epidermal Cell Types

The melanocyte has long dendritic processes that contain accumulated {{c1::melanosomes}} and extend between the cells of the epidermis.

(picture)

p.19
Skin Cancer: Melanoma and Other Types

The ABCDE rule for melanoma includes: Asymmetrical shape of skin lesion, Border of the lesion is {{c1::irregular}}, Color variations; melanomas usually have {{c1::multiple}} colors, Diameter of skin lesion; moles greater than {{c1::6}} mm are more likely to be suspicious, Evolving: change in mole appearance.

(picture)

p.8
Epidermal Cell Types

The contents of the granules are secreted by {{c1::exocytosis}} into the intercellular spaces between the {{c1::stratum granulosum}} and {{c1::stratum corneum}}.

(picture)

p.20
Melanin Production and Disorders

Lack of pigmentation occurs in {{c1::albinism}}.

(picture)

p.5
Skin Types: Thick vs. Thin

Thin skin has {{c1::4}} layers.

(picture)

p.26
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

Apocrine gland has a duct that opens into {{c1::follicle canal}}.

(picture)

p.1
Epidermal Derivatives

Mammary glands are modified {{c1::sweat glands}}.

(picture)

p.5
Skin Structure and Layers

The stratum spinosum has a characteristic light microscopic appearance of {{c1::short processes extending from cell to cell}}.

(picture)

p.21
Melanin Production and Disorders

Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary disorder of the skin that is characterized by circumscribed, depigmented {{c1::macules}} and {{c1::patches}}.

(picture)

p.25
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

Three {{c1::Meissner’s corpuscles}} (MC) are shown residing within the dermal papillae.

(picture)

p.22
Epidermal Cell Types

Langerhans’ cells can be identified using antibody against {{c1::CD1a}} molecules.

(picture)

p.22
Epidermal Cell Types

Once an antigen is phagocytized, processed, and displayed on the surface of the Langerhans’ cell, the cell migrates from the epidermis to a regional {{c1::lymph node}} where it interacts with {{c1::T lymphocytes}}.

(picture)

p.27
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

{{c1::Isthmus}} extends from the infundibulum to the level of insertion of the arrector pili muscle.

(picture)

p.23
Epidermal Cell Types

Merkel’s cells are most abundant in skin where sensory perception is acute, such as {{c1::fingertips}}.

(picture)

p.29
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

Clear cells in the secretory segment of eccrine sweat glands contain plenty of {{c1::glycogen}}.

(picture)

p.14
Skin Structure and Layers

The junction between the epidermis and dermis ({{c1::epidermal–dermal junction}}) is seen in the light microscope as an uneven boundary.

(picture)

p.7
Skin Structure and Layers

Stratum spinosum cells exhibit numerous cytoplasmic processes or spines, which are {{c1::desmosomes}}.

(picture)

p.8
Epidermal Cell Types

Keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum begin to produce {{c1::keratohyalin granules}} and {{c1::membrane bounded lamellar bodies}}.

(picture)

p.15
Skin Structure and Layers

The reticular layer lies deep to the papillary layer and is made of {{c1::dense irregular connective tissue}}.

(picture)

p.20
Melanin Production and Disorders

Melanin is produced by the oxidation of tyrosine to {{c1::3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA)}} by tyrosinase and the subsequent transformation of DOPA into melanin.

(picture)

p.1
Skin Structure and Layers

The epidermis is composed of a {{c1::keratinized stratified squamous epithelium}}, derived from {{c1::ectoderm}}.

(picture)

p.6
Skin Structure and Layers

Stratum basale rests on basal lamina and is attached to basal lamina by {{c1::hemidesmosomes}}.

(picture)

p.1
Epidermal Derivatives

Epidermal derivatives of the skin (epithelial skin appendages) include {{c1::hair follicle and hair}}, {{c1::sweat (sudoriferous) glands}}, {{c1::sebaceous glands}}, and {{c1::nails}}.

(picture)

p.6
Skin Structure and Layers

Melanocytes are dispersed in the stratum basale and are seen as cells with {{c1::clear halo}}.

(picture)

p.4
Skin Types: Thick vs. Thin

Thin skin contains {{c1::hair follicles}} in most locations.

(picture)

p.25
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

The neural portion of the Pacinian corpuscle travels longitudinally through the center of the structure ({{c1::black arrow}}).

(picture)

p.30
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

Ceruminous glands of the {{c1::external ear}} and apocrine glands of eyelashes (glands of {{c1::Moll}}) are also apocrine-type glands.

(picture)

p.30
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

Apocrine glands open into the {{c1::follicle canal}}.

(picture)

p.28
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

What are the three layers of the hair shaft?

{{c1::Medulla}}, {{c2::Cortex}}, {{c3::Cuticle of hair shaft}}

p.28
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

What forms the outer boundary of the external root sheath (ERS)?

The thickened basement membrane called the {{c1::glassy membrane (G)}}.

p.29
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

The secretory segment of eccrine sweat glands is located deep in the {{c1::dermis}} or in the upper part of the {{c1::hypodermis}}.

(picture)

p.29
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

The contraction of myoepithelial cells is responsible for the {{c1::expulsion of sweat}} from the gland.

(picture)

p.7
Skin Structure and Layers

Stratum spinosum is several cells thick, made of {{c1::Keratinocytes}}.

(picture)

p.18
Epidermal Cell Types

The melanocyte shows several processes extending between neighboring {{c1::keratinocytes}}.

(picture)

p.19
Skin Cancer: Melanoma and Other Types

Malignant melanoma is the most serious form of skin cancer. Individual melanoma cells, which originate from melanocytes, contain large nuclei with {{c1::irregular contours}} and prominent {{c1::eosinophilic nucleoli}}.

(picture)

p.1
Integumentary System Overview

The skin (cutis, integument) and its derivatives constitute the {{c1::integumentary system}}.

(picture)

p.10
Skin Structure and Layers

Stratum corneum consists of anucleate squamous cells filled with {{c1::keratin filaments}}.

(picture)

p.24
Epidermal Cell Types

What type of sensory receptor is labeled as 'd' in the image?

{{c1::Krause’s end bulb}}

p.6
Skin Structure and Layers

Stratum basale contains the {{c1::stem cells}} from which new cells arise by mitotic division.

(picture)

p.26
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

Hair follicles and their product, {{c1::hair}}.

(picture)

p.6
Skin Structure and Layers

Stratum basale provides for {{c1::epidermal cell renewal}}.

(picture)

p.3
Functions of the Skin

The skin provides {{c1::immunologic information}} obtained during antigen processing to the appropriate effector cells in the lymphatic tissue.

(picture)

p.21
Melanin Production and Disorders

In leukoderma, melanocytes may be absent or present but unable to synthesize {{c1::melanin}} or transfer it to the {{c1::keratinocytes}}.

(picture)

p.3
Functions of the Skin

The skin aids in {{c1::excretion through the exocrine secretion}} of sweat, sebaceous, and apocrine glands.

(picture)

p.28
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

What does the base of a hair follicle sectioned obliquely show?

The vascularized {{c1::dermal papilla (DP)}} continuous with the surrounding {{c2::connective tissue sheath (CTS)}}, {{c3::internal root sheath (IRS)}}, {{c4::external root sheath (ERS)}}; Above the papilla only the {{c5::cortex (CO)}} of the hair is clearly seen.

p.27
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

The {{c1::hair shaft}} is the visible part of the hair that sticks out of the skin.

(picture)

p.31
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

The short duct of sebaceous glands opens into the {{c1::infundibulum}} of the hair follicle canal.

(picture)

p.14
Skin Structure and Layers

Finger-like connective tissue protrusions, {{c1::dermal papillae}}, project into the epidermis.

(picture)

p.12
Epidermal Cell Types

One keratinocyte exhibits a {{c1::keratohyalin granule (KG)}}.

(picture)

p.8
Epidermal Cell Types

Spinous and granular cells synthesize a heterogenous mixture of {{c1::probarrier lipids}} and {{c1::lipid-processing enzymes}}.

(picture)

p.15
Skin Structure and Layers

A layer of small blood vessels can be identified between the {{c1::papillary}} and {{c1::reticular}} layers.

(picture)

p.1
Integumentary System Overview

Skin is the {{c1::largest}} organ, constituting {{c1::15% to 20%}} of its total body mass.

(picture)

p.17
Epidermal Cell Types

Melanocytes are called dendritic cells because the rounded cell body resides in the basal layer and extends long processes between the keratinocytes of the {{c1::stratum spinosum}}.

(picture)

p.1
Skin Structure and Layers

The hypodermis contains variable amounts of {{c1::adipose}} tissue, lies deep to the dermis, and is equivalent to the superficial fascia. {{c1::Hypodermis}} is not part of the skin.

(picture)

p.24
Epidermal Cell Types

What type of sensory receptor is labeled as 'f' in the image?

{{c1::Ruffini’s corpuscle}} in deep layers of the dermis

p.9
Melanin Production and Disorders

Approximately {{c1::50}} percent of all severe cases of atopic dermatitis are associated with at least one mutated {{c1::filaggrin}} gene.

(picture)

p.5
Skin Types: Thick vs. Thin

The {{c1::stratum lucidum}} is only found in thick skin.

(picture)

p.3
Functions of the Skin

The skin acts as a {{c1::barrier}} that protects against physical, chemical, and biologic agents in the external environment.

(picture)

p.30
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

When secreted, fluid from apocrine glands is {{c1::odorless}}; through bacterial action on the skin surface, it develops an {{c1::acrid odor}}.

(picture)

p.27
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

Hair follicle is responsible for the {{c1::production}} and {{c1::growth}} of hair.

(picture)

p.32
Nail Structure and Growth

Epithelium under the nail and the underlying dermis (D) constitute the {{c1::nail bed}}.

(picture)

p.31
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

Ultimately, both the secretory product and cell debris are discharged from the gland as sebum into the {{c1::infundibulum}} of a hair follicle.

(picture)

p.11
Skin Structure and Layers

The stratum lucidum layer contains {{c1::eosinophilic}} cells in which keratinization is well advanced.

(picture)

p.24
Epidermal Cell Types

What type of sensory receptor is labeled as 'a' in the image?

{{c1::Epidermal free endings}}

p.20
Melanin Production and Disorders

In albinism, premelanosomes are produced by melanocytes, but because of the absence of {{c1::tyrosinase}}, the transformation of tyrosine into 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and the subsequent transformation of DOPA into melanin fail to occur.

(picture)

p.17
Epidermal Cell Types

In routine H&E slide, melanocytes are seen in the stratum basale with {{c1::elongated nuclei}} surrounded by a clear cytoplasm.

(picture)

p.4
Skin Types: Thick vs. Thin

The thickness of the skin varies from less than {{c1::1 mm}} to more than {{c1::5 mm}}.

(picture)

p.26
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

Sebaceous glands and their product, {{c1::sebum}}.

(picture)

p.30
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

Apocrine glands are {{c1::large-lumen tubular glands}} associated with hair follicles.

(picture)

p.21
Melanin Production and Disorders

Albinism results in a complete lack of pigmentation in {{c1::skin}}, {{c1::hair}}, and {{c1::eyes}}.

(picture)

p.21
Melanin Production and Disorders

There are many causes of leukoderma including {{c1::vitiligo}}.

(picture)

p.3
Functions of the Skin

Certain lipid-soluble substances can be absorbed through the skin. This property can be used to deliver therapeutic agents like {{c1::nicotine}}, {{c1::steroid hormones}}, and {{c1::seasickness medications}}.

(picture)

p.23
Epidermal Cell Types

The origin of Merkel’s cells is {{c1::unknown}}.

(picture)

p.31
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

In sebaceous glands, the cell becomes filled with the fatty product and undergoes programmed cell death ({{c1::apoptosis}}) as the product fills the cell.

(picture)

p.15
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

The structure labeled 'D' in the image is the {{c1::duct of eccrine sweat gland}}.

(picture)

p.24
Epidermal Cell Types

What type of sensory receptor is labeled as 'b' in the image?

{{c1::Merkel’s corpuscles}}

p.1
Skin Structure and Layers

The dermis is composed of {{c1::connective tissue}}, derived from {{c1::mesoderm}}.

(picture)

p.24
Epidermal Cell Types

What type of sensory receptor is labeled as 'e' in the image?

{{c1::Meissner’s corpuscle}} in dermal papilla

p.5
Skin Structure and Layers

The stratum basale contains {{c1::mitotically active cells}}, the stem cells of the epidermis.

(picture)

p.4
Skin Types: Thick vs. Thin

Elsewhere, the skin possesses a much thinner epidermis and is called {{c1::thin skin}}.

(picture)

p.5
Skin Structure and Layers

The stratum corneum is made of {{c1::keratinized cells}}.

(picture)

p.21
Melanin Production and Disorders

The destruction of melanocytes in vitiligo is most likely a slow process resulting in a progressive decrease of {{c1::melanocytes}}.

(picture)

p.3
Functions of the Skin

The skin conveys {{c1::sensory information}} about the external environment to the nervous system.

(picture)

p.27
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

The hair follicle is divided into three regions: {{c1::Infundibulum}}, {{c1::Isthmus}}, and {{c1::Inferior segment}}.

(picture)

p.27
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

The {{c1::follicular bulge}} protrudes from the hair follicle near the insertion of the arrector pili muscle and contains {{c1::epidermal stem cells}}.

(picture)

p.23
Epidermal Cell Types

Merkel’s cells are bound to adjoining keratinocytes by {{c1::desmosomes}}.

(picture)

p.29
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

Myoepithelial cells are located at the basal aspect of the secretory segment and stain deeply with {{c1::eosin}}.

(picture)

p.17
Epidermal Cell Types

Melanocyte is a dendritic cell that is scattered among the basal cells of the {{c1::stratum basale}}.

(picture)

p.9
Skin Structure and Layers

Stratum granulosum is {{c1::one to three}} cells thick.

(picture)

p.5
Skin Types: Thick vs. Thin

Thick skin has {{c1::5}} layers.

(picture)

p.9
Skin Structure and Layers

Filaggrin aggregates the {{c1::keratin filaments}} in the cells of the stratum corneum.

(picture)

p.5
Skin Structure and Layers

The stratum spinosum is also known as the {{c1::spinous layer}} or {{c1::prickle cell layer}}.

(picture)

p.25
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

Several nerves ({{c1::N}}) are present adjacent to the Pacinian corpuscle.

(picture)

p.3
Functions of the Skin

The skin helps in {{c1::regulating body temperature}} and water loss.

(picture)

p.22
Epidermal Cell Types

The cytoplasm of Langerhans’ cells contains distinctive tennis-racket shaped bodies called {{c1::Birbeck granules}}.

(picture)

p.27
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

{{c1::Infundibulum}} extends from the surface opening to the level of the opening of its sebaceous gland.

(picture)

p.27
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

Running from connective tissue sheath to the dermal papillary layer is a small bundle of smooth muscle cells, the {{c1::arrector pili muscle}}.

(picture)

p.23
Epidermal Cell Types

In HE slides, Merkel’s cells {{c1::cannot be identified}}.

(picture)

p.20
Melanin Production and Disorders

Albinism consists of a group of inherited abnormalities of melanin synthesis and is typically characterized by a congenital reduction or absence of {{c1::melanin pigment}}.

(picture)

p.17
Epidermal Cell Types

Langerhans’ cell, a dendritic cell, is part of the {{c1::mononuclear phagocytotic system}} and functions as an antigen-presenting cell of the immune system in the initiation of cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions (contact allergic dermatitis example poison IVY).

(picture)

p.4
Skin Types: Thick vs. Thin

The palms of the hands and the soles of the feet are subject to the most abrasion, are hairless, and have a much thicker {{c1::epidermal}} layer than skin in any other location.

(picture)

p.26
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

Apocrine sweat glands produce a serous secretion containing {{c1::pheromones}} that act as a sex attractant in other animals and possibly in humans.

(picture)

p.21
Melanin Production and Disorders

Vitiligo is frequently associated with disorders of {{c1::autoimmune origin}}, with {{c1::thyroid}} abnormalities being the most common.

(picture)

p.25
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

Supporting cells in Meissner’s corpuscles are oriented approximately at right angles to the {{c1::long axis}} of the corpuscle.

(picture)

p.3
Functions of the Skin

The skin performs {{c1::endocrine functions}} by secreting hormones, cytokines, and growth factors.

(picture)

p.32
Nail Structure and Growth

Cells of the nail matrix function in the {{c1::growth}} of the nail.

(picture)

p.27
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

The {{c1::inferior segment}} is the base of the bulb invaginated by a tuft of vascularized loose connective tissue called the {{c1::dermal papilla}}.

(picture)

p.31
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

Sebaceous glands are a {{c1::holocrine}} type of gland.

(picture)

p.23
Epidermal Cell Types

Normal Merkel’s cells have small neurosecretory granules in the cytoplasm and make contact with a peripheral nerve terminal (NT) of a {{c1::sensory neuron}}.

(picture)

p.4
Skin Types: Thick vs. Thin

The skin of the back has a thick {{c1::dermis}} but a thin {{c1::epidermis}}, so it is classified as thin skin.

(picture)

p.22
Epidermal Cell Types

Langerhans’ cells are {{c1::dendritic-appearing}} and {{c1::antigen-presenting}} cells in the stratum spinosum.

(picture)

p.21
Melanin Production and Disorders

Leukoderma is the visible result of loss of {{c1::epidermal melanin}}.

(picture)

p.3
Functions of the Skin

The skin converts precursor molecules into hormonally active molecules like {{c1::vitamin D3}}.

(picture)

p.28
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

What are the three layers of the internal root sheath?

{{c1::Henle’s layer}}, {{c2::Huxley’s layer}}, {{c3::Cuticle of internal root sheath}}

p.31
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

Sebaceous glands secrete {{c1::sebum}} that coats the hair and skin surface.

(picture)

p.23
Skin Cancer: Melanoma and Other Types

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare but highly {{c1::aggressive}} type of skin cancer.

(picture)

p.21
Melanin Production and Disorders

Vitiligo skin shows an absence of functional {{c1::melanocytes}}, owing to their destruction.

(picture)

p.22
Epidermal Cell Types

Langerhans’ cells do not form {{c1::desmosomes}} with keratinocytes.

(picture)

p.32
Nail Structure and Growth

Nails are plates of keratinized cells containing {{c1::hard keratin}}.

(picture)

p.29
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

The duct segment of eccrine sweat glands leads to the epidermal surface and is lined with {{c1::stratified cuboidal epithelium}}.

(picture)

p.32
Nail Structure and Growth

Under the nail is a layer of epithelium, the proximal portion of which is referred to as the {{c1::nail matrix (NM)}}.

(picture)

p.32
Nail Structure and Growth

Proximal portion of the nail, covered by the fold of the skin, is the {{c1::root of the nail (NR)}}.

(picture)

p.27
Skin Appendages: Hair and Glands

Contraction of the arrector pili muscle pulls the hair shafts to a more erect position, usually when it is {{c1::cold}} in an effort to trap a layer of warm air near the skin.

(picture)

p.23
Skin Cancer: Melanoma and Other Types

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) presents as a painless, firm, non-tender, shiny, rapidly growing {{c1::nodule}}.

(picture)

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