Age 35 years or older.
Vena caval filter.
Smoking.
Prophylactic LMWH (Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin).
0.2-1.16%
Thrombolysis.
The obstruction of a blood vessel by a clot or other material that has traveled from another site in the body.
Cesarean delivery.
A condition where blood flow is reduced or stagnant.
0%
In the iliofemoral and iliac veins.
Tachycardia, apprehension, and tachypnea.
A clinical sign that may indicate DVT, observed in 30-60% of confirmed cases.
Injury to the blood vessel that can promote clot formation.
Prophylactic, intermediate, or adjusted-dose LMWH for 6-8 weeks as indicated.
Pulmonary embolism.
Full anticoagulation.
Dyspnea, chest pain, cough, syncope, hemoptysis.
Right axis deviation and T wave inversion in anterior chest lead.
30-60%.
Prolonged bed rest increases the risk.
Activated partial thromboplastin time.
CT = computed tomography; CTA = computed tomography angiography.
Increased prothrombin levels.
Decreased thrombin neutralization.
Thrombin binds to thrombomodulin on endothelial cells.
It inhibits the activation of protein C.
Antenatal LMWH therapy.
Deep-vein thrombosis.
70%.
Factors such as prolonged immobility, certain medical conditions, and genetic predispositions.
1. Stasis 2. Local trauma to the vessel wall 3. Hypercoagulability.
0.6-1.0 units/mL 4 hours after the last injection.
May-Thurner syndrome (iliac vein compression syndrome).
Ventilation perfusion scan.
0.5-3.1%
10 days.
40 mg SC once daily.
Less than 30%
It should be performed prepregnancy or early in pregnancy and repeated if complications develop.
Pneumatic compression devices.
Abrupt onset of edema and pain in the leg and thigh.
Preeclampsia.
Age >35, parity >3, obesity, smoking, varicose veins, systemic infection, preeclampsia, preterm delivery, stillbirth, operative vaginal delivery, PPH, prolonged admission.
Orthopedic procedures.
A blood clot that forms in a blood vessel.
8.2%
Alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference.
Diabetes mellitus.
Compression ultrasound.
Embolectomy.
The left side.
History of VTE, thrombophilia, and obesity.
No
2-4%
Pulmonary V/Q scanning.
Factor V is resistant to degradation by protein C.
A state of hypercoagulability.
Individualized therapy.
5000-7000 units SC every 12 hours.
Thrombophilia.
Approximately 10%.
More than 80%.
Factor Va and Factor Villa.
Yes
It increases the risk of blood clots forming.
Clinical signs of DVT, hemoptysis, and PE as the most likely diagnosis.
Conditions that involve the formation of blood clots (thrombi) that can travel and obstruct blood vessels (embolism).
2.2-14%
Symptoms can include swelling, pain, redness, and warmth in the affected area, or shortness of breath if a pulmonary embolism occurs.
1 mg/kg every 12 hours.
10,000 units or more SC every 12 hours, adjusted to target aPTT.
The American Thoracic Society and Society of Thoracic Radiology.
Multifetal gestation.
Magnetic resonance imaging.
