p.6
Greek City-States: Structure and Governance
What types of land surrounded the polis?
Farmland and pastureland.
p.17
Hippocratic Medicine: Principles and Practices
What methods did Hippocrates emphasize in medicine?
Systematic and empirical investigation of diseases and remedies.
p.17
Hippocratic Medicine: Principles and Practices
What did Hippocrates advocate for in treating illnesses?
Disciplined observation and experimentation.
p.4
Aegean Civilizations: Minoan and Mycenaean
What techniques were used in the creation of Minoan jewelry?
Inlay, filigree, gilding, etc.
p.1
Mediterranean Sea: Geography and Significance
What is the significance of the Mediterranean Sea in terms of trade?
It links trade from the west to the east and from the north to the south.
p.6
Aegean Civilizations: Minoan and Mycenaean
What was the expectation of Spartans regarding battle ethics?
They were expected to stand and die rather than retreat.
p.4
Aegean Civilizations: Minoan and Mycenaean
What are the characteristics of Mycenaean architecture?
Construction of megalithic strongholds called citadels.
p.3
Greek Religion and Mythology
What does the 'Snake Goddess' figure represent in Minoan culture?
Water, regenerative power, and protection of the home.
p.16
History Writing: Herodotus and Thucydides
What moral belief did Herodotus hold regarding human affairs?
He believed the universe is ruled by Fate and Chance, but moral choice is important.
p.12
Persian Wars: Causes and Consequences
What was the outcome of the Battle of Thermopylae?
The Spartan Army was defeated by the Persians.
p.17
Hippocratic Medicine: Principles and Practices
What is the Hippocratic Corpus?
A collection of treatises, speeches, and letters on medicine written by Hippocrates.
p.7
Greek Religion and Mythology
What was the role of priests and priestesses in ancient Greek temples?
They existed to care for the temples but not to make or enforce religious rules.
p.1
Mediterranean Sea: Geography and Significance
How is the Mediterranean Sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean?
Through the Strait of Gibraltar.
p.1
Mediterranean Sea: Geography and Significance
Name one inland sea of the Mediterranean.
The Aegean Sea, located between Greece and Turkey.
p.10
Greek Architecture: Classical Features
What is a notable feature of Black-Figure pottery style?
Black figures painted on a light inset background panel.
p.14
Greek Architecture: Classical Features
What is a key characteristic of the Doric column style?
The base is large and looks like a set of stacked rings.
p.14
Greek Architecture: Classical Features
What does the Parthenon exemplify in Greek architecture?
The Greek ideal of the 'golden mean' and outstanding qualities like symmetry and balance.
p.6
Greek City-States: Structure and Governance
What were some activities conducted in the surrounding land of the polis?
Planting crops, tending sheep and goats, quarrying stone, and mining precious metals.
p.10
Greek City-States: Structure and Governance
What was the length of the riding course?
6 laps around the track (4.5 miles).
p.7
Greek Religion and Mythology
How did Greeks typically use temples?
Greeks visited temples for private concerns or to celebrate festivals, not for communal worship.
p.11
Greek Architecture: Classical Features
What is an aryballos?
A small vessel usually containing perfume oils and therapeutic oils.
p.5
Greek City-States: Structure and Governance
How did the topography influence Greek political life?
It led to the development of independent political units and city-states.
p.14
Greek Architecture: Classical Features
What architectural feature was used in temples to create the illusion of straightness?
Columns were thicker in the middle and steps were lower at the center.
p.1
Mediterranean Sea: Geography and Significance
What continents does the Mediterranean Sea lie between?
Europe, Asia, and Africa.
p.14
Theater in Ancient Greece: Tragedy and Comedy
Who is Aeschylus and what is he known for?
Aeschylus was a playwright known for writing plays presented as trilogies, such as the 'Oresteia'.
p.8
Greek Religion and Mythology
What is Apollo's daily task?
To drive the Sun across the sky in his chariot.
p.9
Greek City-States: Structure and Governance
What events were included in the Pentathlon?
Broad jump, discus hurl, javelin throw, sprint, and wrestling.
p.14
Greek Architecture: Classical Features
What distinguishes the Corinthian column style?
The capital has flowers and leaves below a small scroll and is the most decorative style.
p.5
Greek City-States: Structure and Governance
What types of food did the Greek diet primarily consist of?
Grains, grapes, and olives.
p.3
Greek Religion and Mythology
What is the significance of bull worship in Minoan religion?
It symbolizes fertility and represents the male aspect of life.
p.11
Greek Architecture: Classical Features
What is a kylix?
A stemmed cup with two horizontal handles and a stemmed foot, used for drinking wine.
p.17
Hippocratic Medicine: Principles and Practices
What values did the Hippocratic Oath emphasize for physicians?
Respect for teachers, no administration of poison, no abuse of patients, and confidentiality.
p.7
Greek Religion and Mythology
What is a sanctuary in ancient Greece?
A sacred place where Greeks built a temple or shrine for the worship of their gods.
p.3
Aegean Civilizations: Minoan and Mycenaean
What does the Minoan fresco of bull leaping depict?
Scantily clad youths performing leaps around a charging bull.
p.9
Greek City-States: Structure and Governance
What was the significance of athletics in Greek life?
It represented the integration of beauty and unity of the mind and body.
p.4
Aegean Civilizations: Minoan and Mycenaean
What was the burial practice of the Mycenaeans?
Burial of the dead in magnificent tombs crafted out of cut stone.
p.4
Aegean Civilizations: Minoan and Mycenaean
What materials were used in Mycenaean metalwork?
Gold, copper, and silver.
p.4
Aegean Civilizations: Minoan and Mycenaean
What is an example of Mycenaean ceramic art?
The 'Warrior Vase' depicting a farewell scene.
p.15
Theater in Ancient Greece: Tragedy and Comedy
What is a common characteristic of Greek comedies?
They are humorous and often have a happy ending.
p.6
Greek City-States: Structure and Governance
What role did the agora later serve in the polis?
It became the political, economic, and social center.
p.1
Mediterranean Sea: Geography and Significance
What is the origin of the word 'Mediterranean'?
From the Latin words 'mediterraneus' meaning 'inland', 'medius' meaning 'middle', and 'terra' meaning 'land or earth'.
p.5
Greek City-States: Structure and Governance
What was the significance of the agora in Greek daily life?
It served as a central square for leisure and informal gatherings.
p.1
Mediterranean Sea: Geography and Significance
What are the northern boundaries of the Mediterranean Sea?
Europe, including countries like Spain, France, Italy, and Greece.
p.6
Aegean Civilizations: Minoan and Mycenaean
What was a significant aspect of Spartan military education?
Infants were assessed for fitness, and unfit infants were killed.
p.5
Greek City-States: Structure and Governance
What role did the acropolis serve in a city-state?
It was an elevated area that initially served as a place of refuge and worship.
p.15
Theater in Ancient Greece: Tragedy and Comedy
What happens to Oedipus after he discovers his actions?
He blinds himself and goes into exile.
p.7
Greek Religion and Mythology
What are the characteristics of Greek gods?
They are endowed with supernatural powers, immortal, appear in human form, and display human emotions and weaknesses.
p.11
Hippocratic Medicine: Principles and Practices
Where did people go for diagnosis of illness?
The Temple of Delphi to seek the Oracle.
p.1
Mediterranean Sea: Geography and Significance
What is a notable area of settlement in the Mediterranean region?
The French Riviera, located at the southeast corner of France.
p.16
History Writing: Herodotus and Thucydides
What does the term 'Historia' mean?
Investigation or inquiry.
p.1
Mediterranean Sea: Geography and Significance
What is a characteristic of the Mediterranean Sea's tides?
It has limited tides due to being almost completely enclosed by land.
p.2
Aegean Civilizations: Minoan and Mycenaean
What is the significance of the Palace of Knossos?
It was built during the time of King Minos and is a key symbol of Minoan civilization.
p.13
Greek Architecture: Classical Features
What characterizes Doric columns?
They are the earliest and simplest type, with a plain shaft and no base.
p.17
Hippocratic Medicine: Principles and Practices
What significant shift did Hippocrates bring to medicine?
He moved medicine away from supernatural and religious approaches.
p.10
Greek City-States: Structure and Governance
What were the requirements to win a match in ancient wrestling?
Three throws were necessary to win a match.
p.10
Greek City-States: Structure and Governance
How many laps were in a chariot race course?
12 laps around the stadium track (9 miles).
p.6
Greek City-States: Structure and Governance
What independence did the polis provide to its city-state?
It allowed the city-state to decide its own government, secure economic support, and manage domestic and foreign affairs.
p.9
Greek City-States: Structure and Governance
What was the prize for winners of the Olympic Games?
A wreath of olive leaves, honor, and glory.
p.5
Greek City-States: Structure and Governance
What is a 'polis' in the context of ancient Greece?
An autonomous region with a city as its political, economic, religious, and cultural center.
p.10
Greek City-States: Structure and Governance
What activities were included in the five-day event?
Religious ceremonies, sacrifices, speeches by philosophers, poetry recitals, parades, banquets, and victory celebrations.
p.14
Theater in Ancient Greece: Tragedy and Comedy
What was Sophocles' perspective on human suffering?
He accepted human suffering as unavoidable but stressed human courage and compassion.
p.16
History Writing: Herodotus and Thucydides
What methods did Herodotus use in writing history?
He traveled, asked questions, and checked sources.
p.7
Greek Religion and Mythology
What is Greek mythology?
Stories about the gods and goddesses, worshiped as deities who ruled over certain areas of life.
p.15
Theater in Ancient Greece: Tragedy and Comedy
In 'Electra', what crime does Electra and her brother Orestes commit?
They kill their mother Clytemnestra for killing their father Agamemnon.
p.7
Greek Religion and Mythology
Who is Zeus?
The supreme deity, ruler of Mt. Olympus, god of the sky, lightning, and thunder, often depicted as a mature, bearded man.
p.15
Theater in Ancient Greece: Tragedy and Comedy
What does 'The Trojan Women' depict?
The fates of the women of Troy after their city has been sacked.
p.12
Persian Wars: Causes and Consequences
What period followed the Greek victory over the Persians?
A period of peace that allowed the Greeks to achieve outstanding accomplishments.
p.11
Greek City-States: Structure and Governance
What is the significance of ancient Greece in shaping Western civilization?
It nurtured a culture that spread its essence, concepts, and values throughout the world, influencing architecture, sculpture, philosophy, and governance.
p.7
Greek Religion and Mythology
Who is Hades?
The god of the underworld, who rules over the dead and rarely leaves his domain.
p.16
Hippocratic Medicine: Principles and Practices
What treatment methods were used to restore balance in the four humours?
Diet, exercise, rest, fresh air, baths, massage, purgatives, hot drinks, and vegetable juices.
p.13
Athenian Democracy: Development and Limitations
What was the Ecclesia?
The Assembly of All Citizens (males, 18 years and above) that accepted, amended, and rejected bills.
p.6
Greek City-States: Structure and Governance
What was the initial purpose of the agora in Greek city-states?
It served as a place of assembly for warriors.
p.8
Greek Religion and Mythology
What did Hephaestus create for the gods?
Armor and tools, including Zeus's thunderbolts and Poseidon's trident.
p.14
Theater in Ancient Greece: Tragedy and Comedy
What is a common theme in Greek tragedies?
The relationship between people and the gods, and moral and social issues.
p.5
Greek City-States: Structure and Governance
What are the main city-states of ancient Greece?
Athens, Sparta, Corinth, and Delphi.
p.12
Persian Wars: Causes and Consequences
What event triggered the start of the Persian Wars in 492 BCE?
The revolt of Greek city-states in Ionia under Persian rule.
p.14
Theater in Ancient Greece: Tragedy and Comedy
What moral lesson does the 'Oresteia' convey?
The law of the community, not personal revenge, should decide punishment.
p.11
Greek Architecture: Classical Features
What is an alabastron?
A small jar for storing perfumes, named after the material (alabaster) it was originally made from.
p.2
Aegean Civilizations: Minoan and Mycenaean
What is the significance of the Minoan civilization?
One of two early civilizations that flourished along the Aegean Sea.
p.1
Mediterranean Sea: Geography and Significance
What are some large islands in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea?
Cyprus, Crete, and Rhodes.
p.11
Hippocratic Medicine: Principles and Practices
What regimen did patients undergo in the asclepieion?
Bath, purgation, exercise, diet, and prayer.
p.7
Greek Religion and Mythology
What is Poseidon known for?
He is the god of the sea, holds a trident, and has a sacred horse.
p.16
Hippocratic Medicine: Principles and Practices
What was believed to cause illness in the Hippocratic period?
Disharmony in the four humours.
p.7
Greek Religion and Mythology
What is Demeter the goddess of?
Fertility and the divinity of the earth, responsible for making crops grow.
p.7
Greek Religion and Mythology
What is Athena known for?
The goddess of wisdom, who taught men to use tools and women to spin and weave.
p.13
Athenian Democracy: Development and Limitations
Who was Cleisthenes and what did he accomplish?
Elected as chief magistrate in 508 BCE, he completed the process of creating Athenian democracy.
p.5
Greek City-States: Structure and Governance
What was the impact of Greek geography on economic life?
It prevented large-scale agriculture and made meat rare.
p.9
Greek City-States: Structure and Governance
Where were the Olympic Games held?
In Olympia, southwestern Greece.
p.9
Greek City-States: Structure and Governance
What were the qualifications for athletes in the Olympic Games?
They had to be Greek, male, and a freeman.
p.3
Greek Religion and Mythology
What was the purpose of the bull sacrifice in Minoan culture?
To collect the blood of bulls in large vases called 'rhytons'.
p.2
Aegean Civilizations: Minoan and Mycenaean
What are some famous cities located on the Côte d'Azur?
Nice, Cannes, St. Tropez, Marseilles.
p.15
Theater in Ancient Greece: Tragedy and Comedy
What is the central theme of 'Oedipus Rex'?
The plight of Oedipus, a king doomed to kill his father and marry his mother despite efforts to avoid his fate.
p.4
Aegean Civilizations: Minoan and Mycenaean
Where is the Mycenaean civilization located?
Peloponnese Peninsula in western Greece.
p.12
Persian Wars: Causes and Consequences
What did Pheidippides do after the Battle of Marathon?
He ran 26 miles to Athens to bring news of victory and cried 'Nike' before dying of exhaustion.
p.15
Theater in Ancient Greece: Tragedy and Comedy
What is Euripides known for in his works?
Focusing on the characteristics that bring disaster to humans.
p.6
Greek Religion and Mythology
How did Greek religion differ from other belief systems?
There was no uniform faith or creed, and practices varied from polis to polis.
p.6
Greek Religion and Mythology
What was the nature of Greek religious practices?
Religion was often more about ritual than belief, with no sacred book or priesthood.
p.7
Greek Religion and Mythology
What are the sacred symbols of Zeus?
Thunderbolts, eagle, and oak.
p.10
Greek Architecture: Classical Features
What is a Kantharos?
A cup with two large vertical handles and a stemmed foot.
p.16
Hippocratic Medicine: Principles and Practices
What did Hippocrates contribute to medicine?
He is known as the greatest healer of the Hippocratic period.
p.15
Theater in Ancient Greece: Tragedy and Comedy
What was the role of the orchestra in Greek theater?
It refers to the performing area, about 78 feet of space.
p.7
Greek Religion and Mythology
Who is Ares?
The god of war, son of Zeus and Hera, often depicted in armor.
p.17
Hippocratic Medicine: Principles and Practices
What is the purpose of the Hippocratic Oath?
To ensure that doctors operate within community values and respect their patients.
p.5
Greek City-States: Structure and Governance
What regions did Greek colonies spread to?
Southern Italy, Sicily, Asia Minor, France, Spain, and the Black Sea region.
p.8
Greek Religion and Mythology
What magical item does Aphrodite possess?
A magical girdle that compels desire.
p.2
Aegean Civilizations: Minoan and Mycenaean
What is the Côte d'Azur known for?
Famous for its beaches and attracting the rich and famous of Europe.
p.2
Aegean Civilizations: Minoan and Mycenaean
What is the area of settlement known as the Spanish Riviera?
From Barcelona in the north to southern Spain.
p.10
Greek Architecture: Classical Features
What characterized pottery from the Proto-Geometrical period?
Bold linear design on the rectangular space of the pot.
p.9
Greek City-States: Structure and Governance
What was the distance for the sprint event in the Olympic Games?
1 stade (192 m) or 2 stades (384 m).
p.4
Aegean Civilizations: Minoan and Mycenaean
What is the significance of the Lion's Gate?
It is the entrance to Mycenae, showing two confronting lions.
p.3
Aegean Civilizations: Minoan and Mycenaean
What style is Minoan pottery known for?
Marine style, depicting sea life.
p.2
Aegean Civilizations: Minoan and Mycenaean
Who was King Minos?
The legendary king of Knossos, associated with the Minoan culture.
p.2
Aegean Civilizations: Minoan and Mycenaean
Who were the trade partners of the Minoans?
Greece, Egypt, Anatolia (Turkey).
p.16
Hippocratic Medicine: Principles and Practices
How was diagnosis made in Hippocratic medicine?
Through direct clinical observation.
p.13
Athenian Democracy: Development and Limitations
What is a deme in the context of Athenian democracy?
A local unit created by Cleisthenes to serve as the basis of the political system.
p.13
Athenian Democracy: Development and Limitations
What were the limitations of Athenian democracy?
Only male citizens over 18 could vote, and positions were limited to those over 30; women, slaves, and resident foreigners were excluded.
p.7
Greek Religion and Mythology
What is Delphi known for?
It is the place where the Greeks built a temple in honor of Apollo.
p.1
Mediterranean Sea: Geography and Significance
What type of climate does the Mediterranean Sea region have?
Wet mild winters and hot, dry summers.
p.10
Greek Architecture: Classical Features
What distinguishes Red-Figure pottery style?
Reddish figures appear light against the black background of the pot surface.
p.7
Greek Religion and Mythology
Where is Mount Olympus located?
At the northeast corner of the Greek mainland, it is the home of the Greek gods.
p.15
Theater in Ancient Greece: Tragedy and Comedy
What is the main theme of 'Medea'?
Medea avenges her husband Jason for his betrayal.
p.10
Greek Architecture: Classical Features
What is a Hydria used for?
Principally to store water.
p.2
Aegean Civilizations: Minoan and Mycenaean
What were the important cities of the Minoan civilization?
Knossos, Phaistos, Malia, Hagia Triada.
p.4
Mediterranean Sea: Geography and Significance
What are the geographical boundaries of Greece?
North: Albania, Macedonia, Bulgaria; East: Aegean Sea; South: Sea of Crete; West: Ionian Sea.
p.12
Athenian Democracy: Development and Limitations
What reforms did Solon implement as chief magistrate?
He freed those enslaved by debt, recalled exiles, canceled debts for land, banned enslavement for debtors, and allowed all citizens to join the assembly.
p.13
Greek Architecture: Classical Features
How do Ionic columns differ from Doric columns?
Ionic columns have a taller, slender shaft and are more decorative than Doric columns.
p.6
Athenian Democracy: Development and Limitations
What was a key feature of Athenian democracy?
Every citizen had the right to vote and serve.
p.11
Hippocratic Medicine: Principles and Practices
Who was the Oracle at Delphi?
A woman performing the work of a medium believed to answer questions from the gods.
p.11
Hippocratic Medicine: Principles and Practices
Who is Asclepius?
The son of Apollo, sent by Apollo to cure the sick.
p.11
Hippocratic Medicine: Principles and Practices
What is an asclepieion?
A temple in honor of Asclepius, located in pleasant surroundings with abundant vegetation and fresh flowing mineral waters.
p.7
Greek Religion and Mythology
Who is Hera?
The sister and wife of Zeus, goddess of marriage and protector of married women.
p.12
Athenian Democracy: Development and Limitations
What is the origin of the term 'democracy'?
From the Greek words 'dēmos' (the people) and 'kratos' (rule).
p.13
Athenian Democracy: Development and Limitations
What was the Boule in Athenian democracy?
The Council of 500 that supervised government committees and proposed bills.
p.13
Greek Architecture: Classical Features
What were the classical features of Greek architecture?
Beautiful simplicity and graceful balance aimed to convey a sense of perfect harmony.
p.10
Greek Architecture: Classical Features
What is an Oinochoe?
A pitcher, usually rounded in shape, used to pour wine.
p.10
Greek Architecture: Classical Features
What is the purpose of an Amphora?
Used for storing and transporting oil, wine, and foodstuffs.
p.12
Persian Wars: Causes and Consequences
What was a key factor in the greatness of Athens during the Persian Wars?
A powerful navy with small, maneuverable ships.
p.16
History Writing: Herodotus and Thucydides
What was Thucydides's approach to historical evidence?
He only accepted evidence from actual eyewitnesses.
p.7
Greek Religion and Mythology
What does Hestia represent?
The goddess of the hearth, representing personal and communal security and happiness.
p.16
Hippocratic Medicine: Principles and Practices
What are the four humours in Hippocratic medicine?
Phlegm, blood, yellow bile, and black bile.
p.13
Athenian Democracy: Development and Limitations
What were some specific issues discussed in the Ecclesia?
Military and financial magistracies, food supplies, legislation, political trials, treaties, and funding.
p.13
Greek Architecture: Classical Features
What was the purpose of temples in ancient Greece?
Built to honor the gods, they were large structures dominated by vertical lines.
p.16
History Writing: Herodotus and Thucydides
Who was Thucydides?
The second noted Greek historian who wrote about the Peloponnesian Wars.
p.11
Hippocratic Medicine: Principles and Practices
What is incubation in the context of Asclepius?
The curative sleep in the temple of Asclepius.
p.15
Theater in Ancient Greece: Tragedy and Comedy
What is the setting of Greek theater performances?
An open-air stage built on a hill.
p.2
Aegean Civilizations: Minoan and Mycenaean
What contributed to the wealth of the Minoan civilization?
Their strategic location and many safe harbors.
p.13
Athenian Democracy: Development and Limitations
What were the democratic gains of Athenian democracy?
All male citizens had equal political rights, freedom of speech, and the opportunity to participate directly in governance.
p.13
Greek Architecture: Classical Features
What are the three designs for columns in Greek architecture?
Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian.
