Published materials that compare the study with existing knowledge on the research topic.
Includes theses or dissertations on research topics studying the same variables.
The Humanities.
Experimental manipulation is used and individual subjects are randomly assigned to treatment and control groups.
They should have a page header with a shortened version of the research title flush left and a page number flush right.
It serves as a springboard for discussion, allowing researchers to agree or disagree with current results.
A special type of continuous variable that cannot have a negative value.
Categorical variables that lack numerical value but can still be used in quantitative research.
Groups exposed to the presumed cause are compared with those who are not exposed.
Variables that can be ranked or ordered and exhibit characteristics of both quantitative and qualitative types.
The situation-producing level of questioning.
To present an original paradigm.
Any variable that is not categorized as dependent or independent and can influence the results of a study.
A quantitative variable that can be counted and denoted by positive whole numbers.
The first-person point of view.
Gaps in the literature.
Materials that carry information about the topic or variables of the study.
It reduces and restructures them to a limited number of variables.
The variable being examined for changes.
The foundation of the study.
It builds the confidence of the researcher as they fully understand the variables being studied.
To introduce the research problem, clarify important variables, discuss limitations and delimitations, and specify its significance to the field of study.
A quantitative variable measured in ranges and can be denoted by non-whole numbers.
It specifies not only the existence but also the expected direction of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
Cause and effect relationships.
To isolate the factor or major variable that causes the problem, subject, or phenomenon under investigation.
A tentative prediction about the relationship between two or more variables in a population under study.
Formulated when predicting the relationships of two or more independent variables to two or more dependent variables.
To determine the nature of the relationship between variables without looking into causation.
Questionnaires, tests, and observation.
Any written work is the intellectual property of the author.
Variables that have 2 distinct categories only.
Variables that have more than 2 categories or values.
It states the actual expected relationships between variables.
By simplifying the steps involved in conducting the research.
It must be scientific.
The relationship between independent and dependent variables, used in experiment-based studies.
The author-year method for in-text citations, using the author's last name and the source's year of publication in parenthetical citations.
Reviewing a body of literature on the topic.
To determine how the research findings will help its beneficiaries.
It is reliable and objective.
Fields of Social Sciences, Philosophy, Education, and Economics.
To establish a cause and effect relationship.
Individual subjects are not randomly assigned to treatment and control groups.
It involves compiling, classifying, and evaluating what other researchers have written on a certain topic.
Hypothesis testing or experimental study designs where the researcher manipulates variables.
To observe and report on a certain phenomenon without experimental manipulation.
Within the last 5 years.
Looking for relevant materials.
It helps the researcher in the actual analysis of the literature read.
Studies that focus on relationships, associations, differences, and impacts.
A conceptual invention used to describe, explain, predict, or understand a certain phenomenon.
Propositions taken to be true based upon presupposition, without consideration of the facts.
The variable considered to affect the dependent variable.
To determine the relationship among identified factors, usually in non-experimental studies.
To establish explicit goals for actions and specify conditions to achieve those goals.
'References'.
Quotations are extremely rare.
By evaluating the intensity and magnitude of the problem to determine if it is researchable or non-researchable.
Explaining phenomena by collecting numerical data that are analyzed using mathematically based methods.
Honesty with professional colleagues, protection from harm, and right for privacy.
It is formulated for the purpose of statistical analysis and is always expressed as a negative statement.
Questionnaire.
They must be in question form, define the population and sample, identify major and minor variables, and be empirically tested.
Turabian format is a derivative of the Chicago style and utilizes footnotes for in-text citations instead of parenthetical citations.
A general area of interest that you would like to pursue in your research.
Quantitative and Qualitative.
Questionnaires and observation.
According to topics, not by chronology.
Choosing credible sources.
Deductive reasoning.
To infer the causes of a phenomenon that has already occurred without experimental manipulation.
No, unless specifically instructed by your professor or institution.
It allows for accurate results that can be interpreted in a few statements.
To establish a cause and effect relationship.
Formulated when predicting a relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable.
Good citation habits.
A hypothesis that does not stipulate the direction of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
Research studies that propose a program or any intervention measure.
It allows the results to be generalized to the population due to the use of a large sample.
Researchable questions and non-researchable questions.
Tests.
A special type of extraneous variable that a researcher fails to control, threatening the validity of a research procedure.
It provides fellow researchers with an objective view as they read related sources and frameworks.
It ensures comprehensive understanding and context of the research topic.
That the sample is representative of the population.
The research title, the author's name, and the author's institutional affiliation.
Relevance, interest, manageability, and availability of resources.
The cognitive setting of the research and the rationale for studying the problem.
It clearly delimits the subject matter to be reviewed.
Choosing a topic.
Actual reading through analytical and comparative reading.
To relate and assess the influence between two or more variables.
Because of its practicality and popular usage.
A system of concepts, assumptions, or expectations that links one idea with another.
They isolate, categorize, describe, or name factors and situations.
To present a concise summary of the research study in 150 to 250 words.
It describes the place where the research is being conducted.
References to clarify the meaning or background of the given variables.
It serves as the basis for formulating the statement of the problem and specific problems.
A type of research that examines relationships among variables after the fact, without manipulation.
An insightful analysis of the ideas and conclusions in the literature.
