A. free Ribosomes
Prokaryotic cells.
The origin of chloroplasts.
Cells arose when lipids enclosed enzymes and DNA.
Similar appearance.
Mitochondria have their own DNA, which is similar to bacterial DNA, supporting the idea that they originated from ancient symbiotic bacteria.
Approximately 1.5 billion years ago (BYA).
To convert light energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis.
Plasma membrane.
Cells with nuclei, cells with mitochondria, cells with chloroplasts.
They contain their own DNA and can replicate independently of the cell.
Chloroplasts.
The primary function of mitochondria is to produce energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration.
Phospholipids spontaneously form spheres.
Some prokaryotes have been observed to have infoldings of their plasma membrane.
16 kb
DNA.
Cells involved in endosymbiosis can perform cellular (aerobic) respiration.
70S
Approximately 1.8 billion years ago (BYA).
A. true
Through infoldings of the plasma membrane that became internal.
Semi-autonomous organelles.
Approximately 3.8 billion years ago (BYA).
Mycoplasma haemofelis living inside cat red blood cells.
The origin of all cells.
Mitochondria use their own chromosomes and ribosomes to make some of their own proteins.
A eukaryotic cell engulfed an aerobic bacteria cell.
Enzymes.
Chloroplasts have an endosymbiotic origin.
A eukaryotic cell engulfed a photosynthetic bacterium.
The origin of most organelles.
Because they have their own genetic material and machinery for protein synthesis, allowing them to function somewhat independently from the cell.
Mitochondria have a double membrane structure, with an outer membrane and a highly folded inner membrane called cristae.
They use their own chromosomes and ribosomes to make some of their own proteins.
Several present-day prokaryotic cells can live inside eukaryotic cells.
The endosymbiotic theory proposes that two cells joined together and both benefitted.
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts.
To produce energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration.
Because they generate most of the cell's supply of ATP, which is used as a source of chemical energy.
Approximately 2.2 billion years ago (BYA).
The origin of mitochondria.
Mitochondria.
Mitochondria are involved in various metabolic processes, including the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) and oxidative phosphorylation.
