p.104
Anatomy of the Humerus
What action does the Omohyoid (Superior Belly) perform?
Depresses the hyoid bone.
p.114
Anatomy of the Scapula
What is the proximal attachment of the supraspinatus?
Supraspinous fossa of the scapula.
p.116
Anatomy of the Scapula
What is the proximal attachment of the Subscapularis muscle?
Subscapular fossa of the scapula.
p.32
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
What is another name for the groove for the radial nerve?
Radial sulcus or spiral groove.
p.117
Anatomy of the Scapula
What is the proximal attachment of the Teres Minor?
Posterior aspect of the superior half of the lateral border of the scapula.
p.109
Anatomy of the Humerus
Where does the Brachialis attach distally?
Coronoid process and tuberosity of the ulna.
p.103
Anatomy of the Scapula
What is the medial attachment of the ascending trapezius?
Spinous processes of T5-T12.
p.103
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
What is the innervation of the ascending trapezius?
Accessory nerve, anterior rami of the 3rd and 4th cervical nerves.
p.39
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
Where is the coronoid fossa located?
Superior to the trochlea.
p.11
Bony Landmarks of the Scapula
What is the name of the prominent ridge on the posterior surface of the scapula?
The spine of the scapula.
p.115
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
Where does the Infraspinatus attach distally?
Greater tubercle of the humerus.
p.116
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
Which nerves innervate the Subscapularis muscle?
Upper and Lower Subscapular Nerves (C5-C7).
p.96
Anatomy of the Scapula
What is the axial attachment of the Serratus Anterior?
External surfaces of ribs 1-9.
p.117
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What actions does the Teres Minor perform?
Laterally rotates, transversely abducts, and stabilizes the shoulder joint at the glenohumeral joint.
p.116
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
Where does the Subscapularis muscle attach distally?
Lesser tubercle of the humerus.
p.32
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
Which structures pass through the groove for the radial nerve?
Radial nerve and deep brachial artery (profunda brachial artery).
p.25
Anatomy of the Humerus
Where is the head of the humerus located?
At the proximal end of the bone.
p.108
Anatomy of the Humerus
What is the proximal attachment of the coracobrachialis?
Coracoid process of scapula.
p.99
Bony Landmarks of the Scapula
Where does the Rhomboid Minor attach laterally?
Medial border of the scapula adjacent to the spine of the scapula.
p.112
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
Where does the Long Head of the Triceps Brachii attach distally?
Olecranon of the ulna and adjacent antebrachial fascia.
p.103
Anatomy of the Scapula
What actions does the ascending trapezius perform?
Depresses, retracts, and upwardly rotates the shoulder.
p.114
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What is the primary action of the supraspinatus?
Abducts and stabilizes the humerus at the glenohumeral joint, initiating the first 15 degrees.
p.15
Anatomy of the Scapula
Where is the Supraspinous Fossa located?
On the dorsal aspect of the scapula.
p.116
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What action does the Subscapularis perform?
Medially rotates and stabilizes the shoulder at the glenohumeral joint.
p.94
Anatomy of the Humerus
Where does the posterior deltoid attach distally?
Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus.
p.99
Anatomy of the Scapula
What is the primary action of the Rhomboid Minor?
Retracts and downwardly rotates the shoulder.
p.96
Anatomy of the Scapula
Where does the Serratus Anterior attach on the appendicular skeleton?
Medial border of the scapula.
p.96
Anatomy of the Scapula
What is the primary action of the Serratus Anterior?
Protracts the scapula and upwardly rotates the glenoid.
p.91
Anatomy of the Scapula
What is the distal attachment of the Pectoralis Minor?
Medial surface of the coracoid process of the scapula.
p.115
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
Which nerve innervates the Infraspinatus?
Suprascapular nerve (C5-C6).
p.28
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
What separates the Greater Tubercle from the Lesser Tubercle?
The intertubercular sulcus.
p.113
Anatomy of the Humerus
What is the primary action of the Anconeus muscle?
Extends the forearm at the elbow joint.
p.15
Anatomy of the Scapula
What is the Supraspinous Fossa?
The upper concave area of the scapula.
p.6
Bony Landmarks of the Clavicle
Where is the Conoid Tubercle located?
On the inferior surface of the clavicle.
p.115
Anatomy of the Scapula
What is the proximal attachment of the Infraspinatus?
Infraspinous fossa of the scapula.
p.115
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What actions does the Infraspinatus perform?
Laterally rotates, transversely abducts, and stabilizes the arm at the glenohumeral joint.
p.91
Anatomy of the Scapula
Where does the Pectoralis Minor attach proximally?
Anterior ends of ribs 3-5.
p.104
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
What is the innervation of the Omohyoid (Superior Belly)?
Superior root of ansa cervicalis (C1).
p.112
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What role does the Long Head of the Triceps Brachii play in shoulder stability?
Resists shoulder dislocation.
p.106
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
Which nerve innervates the Long Head of the Biceps Brachii?
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6).
p.92
Anatomy of the Clavicle
What is the proximal attachment of the anterior deltoid?
Lateral ⅓ of the clavicle.
p.38
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
What is the Radial Fossa?
A small depression superior to the capitulum.
p.32
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
Where is the groove for the radial nerve located?
On the posterior aspect of the humerus.
p.104
Anatomy of the Humerus
What is the distal attachment of the Omohyoid (Superior Belly)?
Intermediate tendon of omohyoid muscle.
p.28
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
What is the Greater Tubercle?
A larger eminence on the lateral aspect of the proximal humerus.
p.112
Anatomy of the Scapula
What is the proximal attachment of the Long Head of the Triceps Brachii?
Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula.
p.94
Anatomy of the Humerus
What actions does the posterior deltoid perform?
Extends, laterally rotates, and transversely abducts the arm.
p.113
Anatomy of the Humerus
Where does the Anconeus muscle attach distally?
Olecranon, proximal end of the body of the ulna.
p.114
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
Where does the supraspinatus attach distally?
Greater tubercle of the humerus.
p.98
Anatomy of the Scapula
Where is the lateral attachment of the Rhomboid Major?
Medial border of the scapula inferior to the spine of the scapula.
p.98
Anatomy of the Scapula
What is the primary action of the Rhomboid Major?
Retracts and downwardly rotates the shoulder.
p.90
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
What nerves innervate the Pectoralis Major?
Medial nerve (sternocostal) and lateral nerve (clavicular).
p.7
Bony Landmarks of the Clavicle
Where is the trapezoid line located?
On the inferior aspect of the clavicle, immediately lateral to the conoid tubercle.
p.105
Anatomy of the Scapula
What is the primary action of the Omohyoid (Inferior Belly)?
Depresses the hyoid bone.
p.78
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
Which muscles are innervated by the Axillary Nerve?
Deltoid muscles and Teres Minor.
p.21
Anatomy of the Scapula
Which muscles attach to the Coracoid Process?
Coracobrachialis, short head of biceps brachii, and pectoralis minor.
p.62
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What is the course of the thoracodorsal branch of the subscapular artery?
It moves inferiorly and pierces the latissimus dorsi.
p.117
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
Where does the Teres Minor attach distally?
Greater tubercle of the humerus.
p.109
Anatomy of the Humerus
What is the primary action of the Brachialis?
Flexes the forearm at the elbow joint.
p.106
Anatomy of the Humerus
What is the primary action of the Long Head of the Biceps Brachii?
Supinates the forearm and flexes the forearm when supine.
p.111
Anatomy of the Humerus
What is the proximal attachment of the Lateral Head of the Triceps Brachii?
Posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove.
p.102
Anatomy of the Scapula
Where does the transverse trapezius attach laterally?
Acromion of the scapula and lateral end of the spine of the scapula.
p.118
Anatomy of the Humerus
What action does the Teres Major perform?
Adducts and medially rotates the arm at the glenohumeral joint.
p.88
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
Which important structures are found in the Triangular Interval?
Radial Nerve and Profunda Brachii Artery.
p.88
Anatomy of the Humerus
What is the medial border of the Triangular Interval?
Long head of the Triceps Brachii.
p.100
Anatomy of the Scapula
What actions does the Levator Scapulae perform?
Elevates and downwardly rotates the shoulder, extends and laterally flexes the neck.
p.105
Anatomy of the Scapula
What is the proximal attachment of the Omohyoid (Inferior Belly)?
Intermediate tendon of omohyoid muscle.
p.26
Anatomy of the Humerus
What does the anatomical neck of the humerus connect?
It connects the head to the body of the humerus.
p.7
Bony Landmarks of the Clavicle
What is the trapezoid line a site for?
Attachment of the trapezoid part of the coracoclavicular ligament.
p.2
Anatomy of the Clavicle
What is the clavicle?
One of two bones that form the pectoral girdle.
p.99
Anatomy of the Scapula
What is the medial attachment of the Rhomboid Minor?
Nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T1.
p.108
Anatomy of the Humerus
Where does the coracobrachialis attach distally?
Middle third of medial aspect of humerus.
p.113
Anatomy of the Humerus
What is the proximal attachment of the Anconeus muscle?
Posterior aspect of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.
p.101
Anatomy of the Scapula
What is the superior attachment of the descending trapezius?
External occipital protuberance and superior nuchal line.
p.110
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
Where does the Medial Head of the Triceps Brachii attach distally?
Olecranon of ulna and adjacent antebrachial fascia.
p.102
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
Which nerves innervate the transverse trapezius?
Accessory nerve and anterior rami of the 3rd and 4th cervical nerves.
p.90
Anatomy of the Humerus
Where do both heads of the Pectoralis Major attach distally?
Lateral lip/ridge of intertubercular sulcus (crest of greater tubercle).
p.95
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What is the primary action of the subclavius muscle?
Stabilizes clavicle, pulls/shortens/depresses clavicle.
p.69
Venous Drainage of the Upper Limb
What is the course of the brachial vein?
It travels superiorly in the arm, accompanying the brachial artery through the cubital fossa.
p.40
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
Where is the olecranon fossa located?
On the posterior aspect of the humerus.
p.76
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
What makes up the Medial Cord?
The anterior division of the inferior trunk.
p.73
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
What type of nerve rami do the brachial plexus roots consist of?
Anterior (Ventral) nerve rami.
p.31
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
Where is the Deltoid Tuberosity located?
On the anterolateral surface of the humerus.
p.86
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
What important structures are found in the Quadrangular Space?
Axillary Nerve and the Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery.
p.9
Bony Landmarks of the Clavicle
Where does the groove for Subclavius extend from?
It extends anteromedially from the conoid tubercle.
p.109
Anatomy of the Humerus
What is the proximal attachment of the Brachialis?
Anterior aspect of the distal half of the humerus.
p.108
Anatomy of the Humerus
What actions does the coracobrachialis perform?
Adducts and flexes arm at glenohumeral joint, resists shoulder dislocation.
p.108
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
Which nerve innervates the coracobrachialis?
Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5-C7).
p.103
Anatomy of the Scapula
Where does the ascending trapezius attach laterally?
Medial end of the spine of the scapula.
p.93
Anatomy of the Humerus
Where does the middle (acromial) deltoid attach distally?
Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus.
p.110
Anatomy of the Humerus
What is the primary action of the Medial Head of the Triceps Brachii?
Extends forearm at elbow joint.
p.88
Anatomy of the Humerus
What are the borders of the Triangular Interval?
Superior: Teres Major, Medial: Long head of the Triceps Brachii, Lateral: Lateral head of the Triceps Brachii.
p.95
Bony Landmarks of the Clavicle
What is the proximal attachment of the subclavius muscle?
1st rib and costal cartilage inferior.
p.36
Anatomy of the Humerus
What is the capitulum?
A lateral articular projection on the distal end of the humerus.
p.18
Bony Landmarks of the Scapula
What converts the suprascapular notch into the suprascapular foramen?
The superior transverse scapular ligament.
p.36
Anatomy of the Humerus
What role does the capitulum play in the elbow joint?
It contributes to the elbow joint.
p.21
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
Which ligaments attach to the Coracoid Process?
Coracoacromial, Coracohumeral, and Coracoclavicular ligaments.
p.48
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What structures form the Coracoacromial Arch?
The inferior aspect of the acromion, coracoacromial ligament, and coracoid process.
p.75
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
What does the Posterior division innervate?
The posterior side of the arm.
p.83
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
What is the function of the Upper Subscapular Nerve?
Innervates the Subscapularis.
p.84
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
Which nerve innervates the skin on the anterior compartment of the arm?
Medial Brachial Cutaneous Nerve.
p.53
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What is the primary function of arteries?
To carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the tissues.
p.91
Anatomy of the Scapula
What are the actions of the Pectoralis Minor?
Protracts, depresses, and downwardly rotates the pectoral girdle; stabilization; recruited for inspiration.
p.101
Anatomy of the Scapula
What is the medial attachment of the descending trapezius?
Nuchal ligament and spinous process of C7.
p.101
Anatomy of the Scapula
What is the lateral attachment of the descending trapezius?
Posterior aspect of lateral ⅓ of the clavicle and acromion of the scapula.
p.23
Anatomy of the Humerus
Which bones does the humerus articulate with?
The scapula, radius, and ulna.
p.101
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
What is the innervation of the descending trapezius?
Accessory nerve and anterior rami of 3rd and 4th cervical nerves.
p.107
Anatomy of the Humerus
Where does the short head of the Biceps Brachii attach distally?
Radial tuberosity and antebrachial fascia.
p.100
Anatomy of the Scapula
What is the superior attachment of the Levator Scapulae?
Transverse processes of C1-C2 and posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C3-C4.
p.69
Venous Drainage of the Upper Limb
What is the origin of the brachial vein?
The unification of the radial and ulnar veins.
p.61
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What is the function of the Anterior circumflex humeral artery?
It supplies blood to the shoulder joint and surrounding muscles.
p.62
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
Which muscles does the circumflex scapular branch supply?
Posterior teres major and minor, deltoid, long head of the triceps brachii, scapula, and skin overlying the scapula.
p.26
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What is the anatomical neck an attachment site for?
It is an attachment site for the capsule of the glenohumeral joint.
p.1
Anatomy of the Humerus
What are the two main types of bone tissue?
Cortical (compact) bone and trabecular (spongy) bone.
p.8
Bony Landmarks of the Clavicle
What is the shape of the Costoclavicular Impression?
Rough, oval-shaped tuberosity.
p.52
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What passes through the canal formed by the Transverse Humeral Ligaments?
The tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle.
p.43
Anatomy of the Scapula
What is the Glenoid Labrum?
A fibrocartilaginous ring surrounding the entire glenoid fossa.
p.64
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
Which muscles does the posterior circumflex humeral artery supply?
Deltoid, teres major and minor, long and lateral head of the triceps brachii.
p.53
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What type of blood do pulmonary arteries carry?
Deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
p.68
Venous Drainage of the Upper Limb
What is the origin of the Basilic vein?
Medial aspect of the dorsal venous network.
p.74
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
What nerves are associated with the Superior Trunk?
Suprascapular N. and Nerve to Subclavius.
p.44
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What does the Superior Scapular Transverse Ligament attach to?
From the base of the coracoid process to the medial border of the scapular notch.
p.49
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
Where does the coracohumeral ligament attach on the humerus?
To the greater and lesser tubercle of the humerus.
p.5
Anatomy of the Clavicle
What is another name for the sternal end of the clavicle?
Medial end of the clavicle.
p.1
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What is the difference between a tendon and a ligament?
Tendons connect muscles to bones, while ligaments connect bones to bones.
p.5
Anatomy of the Clavicle
With which part of the body does the sternal end of the clavicle articulate?
The manubrium of the sternum.
p.33
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
Where is the medial epicondyle located?
At the distal end of the medial supracondylar ridge.
p.71
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
What is the function of the Brachial Plexus?
To provide motor and sensory innervation to the upper limb.
p.109
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
Which nerves innervate the Brachialis?
Musculocutaneous (C5-C6) and Radial Nerve (C7).
p.112
Anatomy of the Humerus
What action does the Long Head of the Triceps Brachii perform?
Extends the forearm at the elbow joint.
p.106
Anatomy of the Humerus
Where does the Long Head of the Biceps Brachii attach distally?
Radial tuberosity and antebrachial fascia.
p.98
Anatomy of the Scapula
What is the medial attachment of the Rhomboid Major?
Spinous processes of T2-T5.
p.114
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
Which nerve innervates the supraspinatus?
Suprascapular nerve (C5-C6).
p.101
Anatomy of the Scapula
What actions does the descending trapezius perform?
Elevates, retracts, and upwardly rotates the shoulder; extends and laterally flexes head and neck.
p.38
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
Where is the Radial Fossa located on the humerus?
Lateral of the two fossa on the anterior aspect.
p.100
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
What nerves innervate the Levator Scapulae?
Anterior rami of 3rd and 4th cervical nerves and dorsal scapular nerve.
p.55
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What is the origin of the transverse cervical artery?
Thyrocervical trunk of the Subclavian artery.
p.62
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What is the course of the circumflex scapular branch of the subscapular artery?
It courses posteriorly through the triangular space and into the infraspinous fossa.
p.75
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
What does the Anterior division innervate?
The anterior side of the arm.
p.66
Venous Drainage of the Upper Limb
What is the primary function of veins in the circulatory system?
To carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
p.83
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
Which nerve innervates the Latissimus Dorsi?
Thoracodorsal Nerve (middle subscapular nerve).
p.84
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
What is the function of the Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve?
It innervates the skin on the anterior compartment of the forearm (Sensory).
p.9
Bony Landmarks of the Clavicle
What is the groove for Subclavius?
A shallow surface on the inferior surface of the clavicle.
p.43
Anatomy of the Scapula
How does the Glenoid Labrum contribute to shoulder stability?
It stabilizes the humeral head.
p.56
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What area does the Dorsal Scapular artery supply in addition to muscles?
Skin on the ascending trapezius muscle.
p.50
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What is the location of the costoclavicular ligament?
Between the inferior portion of the sternal end of the clavicle and the superior portion of the first rib at the costal cartilage.
p.58
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What is the first division of the Axillary artery?
Superior thoracic artery.
p.46
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
Where does the Coracoacromial Ligament attach?
From the lateral border of the coracoid process to the apex of the acromion.
p.68
Venous Drainage of the Upper Limb
How does the size of the Basilic vein compare to the Cephalic vein?
The Basilic vein is larger than the Cephalic vein.
p.20
Bony Landmarks of the Scapula
What is the appearance of both the Supraglenoid and Infraglenoid Tubercles?
Both are rough in appearance.
p.46
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
How does the Coracoacromial Ligament contribute to joint stability?
It stabilizes the glenohumeral joint and prevents upward dislocation.
p.29
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
What ligament attaches to the Lesser Tubercle?
Transverse humeral ligament.
p.33
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
Where is the lateral epicondyle located?
At the distal end of the lateral supracondylar ridge.
p.106
Anatomy of the Humerus
What is the proximal attachment of the Long Head of the Biceps Brachii?
Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula.
p.102
Anatomy of the Scapula
What is the medial attachment of the transverse trapezius?
Spinous processes of C7-T4.
p.111
Anatomy of the Humerus
Where does the Lateral Head of the Triceps Brachii attach distally?
Olecranon of ulna and adjacent antebrachial fascia.
p.90
Anatomy of the Humerus
What are the proximal attachments of the Sternocostal Head of the Pectoralis Major?
Sternum, costal cartilages, external oblique aponeurosis.
p.107
Anatomy of the Humerus
What is the primary action of the short head of the Biceps Brachii?
Supinates forearm, flexes forearm when supine, and resists shoulder dislocation.
p.100
Anatomy of the Scapula
Where is the inferior attachment of the Levator Scapulae located?
Superior angle of scapula and medial border of scapula superior to spine of scapula.
p.18
Bony Landmarks of the Scapula
What structures are transmitted through the suprascapular foramen?
Suprascapular nerve and vessels.
p.55
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
In which direction does the transverse cervical artery course?
Superolaterally to the triangle of the neck.
p.55
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
Which muscles does the transverse cervical artery supply?
Sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboid major and minor.
p.66
Venous Drainage of the Upper Limb
What type of blood do veins typically transport?
Deoxygenated blood, except for the pulmonary veins.
p.42
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
Name a key ligament in the shoulder complex.
The coracoclavicular ligament.
p.42
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
How do ligaments differ from tendons?
Ligaments connect bones to bones, while tendons connect muscles to bones.
p.43
Anatomy of the Scapula
What is the function of the Glenoid Labrum?
It deepens the glenoid cavity for the head of the humerus.
p.42
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What role do ligaments play in joint movement?
They limit excessive movement and maintain joint alignment.
p.87
Anatomy of the Scapula
Which muscle forms the lateral border of the Triangular Space?
Long head of the Triceps Brachii.
p.65
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What is the course of the Brachial artery?
Distally along the medial aspect of the arm to the cubital fossa.
p.50
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What is the primary function of the costoclavicular ligament?
To stabilize the sternoclavicular joint.
p.3
Bony Landmarks of the Clavicle
What are the two ends of the clavicle called?
The sternal end and the acromial end.
p.59
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What is the second division of the Axillary artery?
Thoracoacromial artery and Lateral thoracic artery.
p.46
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What structure does the Coracoacromial Ligament help form?
The coracoacromial arch with the inferior aspects of the acromion and coracoid process.
p.59
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What are the branches of the Thoracoacromial artery?
Deltoid branch, Clavicular branch, Pectoral branch, and Acromial branch.
p.34
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
What is the Lateral Supracondylar Ridge?
An inferior continuation of the lateral border of the humerus that extends to the lateral epicondyle.
p.97
Anatomy of the Humerus
What is the superolateral attachment of the Latissimus Dorsi?
Floor of intertubercular sulcus of the humerus.
p.79
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
What muscles does the Radial Nerve innervate?
Triceps Brachii, Anconeus, Extensor Carpi Radialis, Extensor Carpi Ulnaris, Brachioradialis, and Abductor Pollicis.
p.57
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What regions does the Axillary artery supply?
Axilla, shoulder, and pectoral regions.
p.51
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What is the primary function of the Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament?
Prevents anterior and inferior dislocation of the humeral head.
p.110
Anatomy of the Humerus
What is the proximal attachment of the Medial Head of the Triceps Brachii?
Posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove.
p.92
Anatomy of the Humerus
Where does the anterior deltoid attach distally?
Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus.
p.92
Anatomy of the Humerus
What action does the anterior deltoid perform?
Flexes and medially rotates the arm.
p.23
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What are the main arteries supplying the humerus?
Brachial, anterior circumflex humeral, and deep brachial arteries.
p.95
Bony Landmarks of the Clavicle
What is the distal attachment of the subclavius muscle?
Subclavian groove on the inferior surface of the clavicle.
p.88
Anatomy of the Humerus
What is the lateral border of the Triangular Interval?
Lateral head of the Triceps Brachii.
p.61
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What does the Subscapular artery supply?
It supplies the subscapularis muscle and surrounding areas.
p.76
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
What forms the Lateral Cord of the brachial plexus?
The anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunks.
p.2
Bony Landmarks of the Clavicle
With which structures does the clavicle articulate?
Manubrium of the sternum and scapula.
p.52
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
Where do the Transverse Humeral Ligaments attach?
To the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus.
p.86
Anatomy of the Scapula
What forms the medial border of the Quadrangular Space?
Long head of the triceps brachii.
p.8
Bony Landmarks of the Clavicle
What ligament attaches at the Costoclavicular Impression?
Costoclavicular ligament.
p.74
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
What are trunks in the context of the brachial plexus?
Linkage points between the roots.
p.45
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What does the Acromioclavicular Ligament provide attachment for?
The articular disc of the acromioclavicular joint.
p.71
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
What is the Brachial Plexus?
A network of nerves that supplies the upper limb.
p.9
Bony Landmarks of the Clavicle
What fascia attaches at the groove for Subclavius?
The clavipectoral fascia.
p.22
Bony Landmarks of the Scapula
What part of the deltoid muscle attaches to the acromion?
Acromial part of the deltoid muscle.
p.68
Venous Drainage of the Upper Limb
How does the Basilic vein course through the arm?
Superiorly along the medial aspect of the forearm and arm.
p.44
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What nerve passes through the foramen created by the Superior Scapular Transverse Ligament?
Suprascapular nerve (C5-C6).
p.51
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
Where are the Glenohumeral Ligaments located?
Between the synovial membrane and the fibrous layer of the articular capsule.
p.46
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What is one of the primary actions of the Coracoacromial Ligament?
Limit distortional forces by muscles that act on the acromion and coracoid process.
p.59
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What is the course of the Lateral thoracic artery?
It courses inferiorly along the lateral thoracic wall.
p.33
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
What is the function of the medial epicondyle?
Attachment site for the superficial muscle group of the anterior compartment and the ulnar collateral ligament.
p.70
Venous Drainage of the Upper Limb
How is the axillary vein similar to the axillary artery?
The axillary vein is also broken up into 3 parts.
p.63
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
With which artery does the anterior circumflex humeral artery anastomose?
The posterior circumflex artery.
p.118
Anatomy of the Scapula
Where is the proximal attachment of the Teres Major?
Posterior aspect of the inferior angle of the scapula.
p.118
Anatomy of the Humerus
What is the distal attachment of the Teres Major?
Crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus.
p.95
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
What innervates the subclavius muscle?
Nerve to subclavius muscle.
p.18
Bony Landmarks of the Scapula
What is the (supra)scapular notch?
An indentation found laterally on the edge of the superior border of the scapula.
p.21
Anatomy of the Scapula
What is the Coracoid Process?
A projection that extends anteriorly from the head and neck of the scapula.
p.76
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
What is the composition of the Posterior Cord?
All posterior divisions from all three trunks.
p.48
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What is the function of the Coracoacromial Arch?
It serves as a protective roof over the head of the humerus.
p.42
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What are ligaments?
Tissues that connect bones to other bones at joints.
p.73
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
Between which neck muscles do the brachial plexus roots run?
The anterior and medial scalenes.
p.86
Anatomy of the Humerus
What forms the lateral border of the Quadrangular Space?
Surgical Neck of the Humerus.
p.4
Anatomy of the Clavicle
What is another name for the acromial end of the clavicle?
Lateral end of the clavicle.
p.56
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
Describe the course of the Dorsal Scapular artery.
It travels posteriorly through the trunks of the brachial plexus and down the medial border of the scapula.
p.71
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
Which regions of the body does the Brachial Plexus primarily serve?
The shoulder, arm, and hand.
p.30
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
What structure turns the intertubercular groove into a canal?
The transverse humeral ligament.
p.65
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What areas does the Brachial artery supply?
The arm and humerus, with collateral supply to the proximal humerus and elbow joint.
p.3
Bony Landmarks of the Clavicle
What is the function of the conoid tubercle on the clavicle?
It serves as an attachment point for the conoid ligament.
p.3
Bony Landmarks of the Clavicle
Where is the trapezoid line located on the clavicle?
It is located on the inferior surface near the acromial end.
p.71
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
What are some major nerves that branch from the Brachial Plexus?
Musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, median, and ulnar nerves.
p.47
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
Where does the Trapezoid part of the Coracoclavicular Ligament attach?
From the upper surface of the coracoid process to the inferior surface of the clavicle (trapezoid line).
p.60
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What is the course of the pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery?
Descends between pectoralis major and minor.
p.111
Anatomy of the Humerus
What is the primary action of the Lateral Head of the Triceps Brachii?
Extends forearm at elbow joint.
p.39
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
What does the coronoid fossa accommodate during elbow flexion?
The coronoid process of the ulna.
p.16
Anatomy of the Scapula
Where is the Infraspinous Fossa located?
On the dorsal aspect of the scapula, inferior to the spine of the scapula.
p.42
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What is the function of ligaments in the shoulder complex?
To provide stability and support to the shoulder joint.
p.8
Bony Landmarks of the Clavicle
Where is the Costoclavicular Impression located?
On the medial ⅓ inferior surface of the clavicle, towards the sternal end.
p.45
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
Where is the Acromioclavicular Ligament located?
Between the acromion of the scapula and the acromial head of the clavicle.
p.84
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
How does the Medial Pectoral Nerve reach the Pectoralis Major?
It pierces through the Pectoralis Minor.
p.13
Bony Landmarks of the Scapula
What muscle attaches at the Inferior Angle of the scapula?
Serratus anterior muscle.
p.80
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
What are the two cords that contribute to the Median Nerve?
Lateral and medial cords.
p.58
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What is the course of the Superior thoracic artery?
Anteromedially between the pectoralis major and minor.
p.71
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
How many roots does the Brachial Plexus have?
Five roots, originating from the spinal nerves C5 to T1.
p.34
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
What muscles attach to the Medial Supracondylar Ridge?
Pronator teres and the medial intermuscular septum of the arm.
p.44
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
Which muscles does the suprascapular nerve supply?
Supraspinatus and infraspinatus.
p.37
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
What is the shape of the trochlea?
Pulley-shaped projection.
p.63
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
Which muscles does the anterior circumflex humeral artery supply?
Deltoid, biceps brachii, and coracobrachialis.
p.97
Anatomy of the Humerus
What is the inferior attachment of the Latissimus Dorsi?
Spinous processes of L1-L5 through thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest.
p.51
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
Which Glenohumeral Ligament is considered the most important stabilizer?
The Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament.
p.51
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What do all Glenohumeral Ligaments reinforce?
The anterior portion of the articular capsule.
p.47
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
Where does the Conoid part of the Coracoclavicular Ligament attach?
To the conoid tubercle of the clavicle and the upper surface of the coracoid process.
p.39
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
What is the position of the coronoid fossa relative to the radial fossa?
Medial to the radial fossa.
p.90
Anatomy of the Humerus
What are the proximal attachments of the Clavicular Head of the Pectoralis Major?
Anterior aspects of the medial clavicle.
p.107
Anatomy of the Humerus
What is the proximal attachment of the short head of the Biceps Brachii?
Apex of the coracoid process.
p.107
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
Which nerve innervates the short head of the Biceps Brachii?
Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5-C6).
p.81
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
What muscles does the ulnar nerve innervate?
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Flexor Digitorum Profundus, and Adductor Pollicis.
p.76
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
What are the three cords of the brachial plexus named after?
Their location to the axillary artery.
p.26
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
What does the anatomical neck of the humerus separate?
It separates the head of the humerus from the greater and lesser tubercles.
p.55
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What additional structures does the transverse cervical artery supply?
Trunks of the brachial plexus.
p.67
Venous Drainage of the Upper Limb
What is the origin of the cephalic vein?
Lateral aspect of the dorsal venous network of the hands.
p.17
Anatomy of the Scapula
Where is the Subscapular Fossa located?
On the costal aspect of the scapula.
p.52
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What structure does the Transverse Humeral Ligaments convert?
The intertubercular sulcus into a canal.
p.66
Venous Drainage of the Upper Limb
How do veins differ from arteries in terms of structure?
Veins have thinner walls and larger lumens compared to arteries.
p.41
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
Where is the groove for the ulnar nerve located?
On the posterior surface of the medial epicondyle of the humerus.
p.80
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
Which muscles are innervated by the Median Nerve?
Flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, pronator teres, and the flexors of the fingers.
p.53
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
How do arteries differ from veins?
Arteries have thicker walls and carry blood away from the heart, while veins carry blood back to the heart.
p.71
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
What are the main components of the Brachial Plexus?
Roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and branches.
p.34
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
What is the Medial Supracondylar Ridge?
An inferior continuation of the medial border of the humerus that extends to the medial epicondyle.
p.70
Venous Drainage of the Upper Limb
What is the origin of the axillary vein?
The unification of the basilic vein and brachial vein.
p.70
Venous Drainage of the Upper Limb
What regions does the axillary vein drain?
Scapular, axillary, pectoral, and brachial regions.
p.34
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
What is the function of the Lateral Supracondylar Ridge?
It serves as an attachment for the lateral intermuscular septum of the arm.
p.54
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
Which muscles does the suprascapular artery supply?
Sternocleidomastoid, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus muscles.
p.72
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
Which nerves reside in the Superior Trunk of the brachial plexus?
Suprascapular nerve and nerve to subclavius.
p.60
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What is the course of the acromial branch of the thoracoacromial artery?
Superiorly to the acromion.
p.6
Bony Landmarks of the Clavicle
What is the function of the Conoid Tubercle?
It serves as an attachment site for the conoid part of the coracoclavicular ligament.
p.118
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
Which nerve innervates the Teres Major?
Lower Subscapular Nerve (C5-C7).
p.90
Anatomy of the Humerus
What actions does the Pectoralis Major perform?
Adducts, medially rotates, and transversally adducts the arm at the glenohumeral joint; depresses the shoulder.
p.61
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What is the third division of the axillary artery?
It includes the Subscapular artery, Anterior circumflex humeral artery, and Posterior circumflex humeral artery.
p.105
Anatomy of the Scapula
Where is the distal attachment of the Omohyoid (Inferior Belly)?
Superior border of the scapula, medial to the superior scapular notch.
p.61
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What does the Posterior circumflex humeral artery supply?
It supplies the deltoid muscle and the shoulder joint.
p.77
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
Which muscles does the Musculocutaneous nerve innervate?
Biceps Brachii, Coracobrachialis, and Brachialis.
p.40
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
What is the function of the olecranon fossa?
It accommodates the olecranon of the ulna during elbow extension.
p.62
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
Which muscles does the thoracodorsal branch supply?
Latissimus dorsi, teres major, and serratus anterior.
p.48
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
How does the Coracoacromial Arch contribute to shoulder stability?
It prevents superior dislocation of the humerus.
p.31
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
What is the Deltoid Tuberosity?
A rough, triangular prominence on the humerus.
p.67
Venous Drainage of the Upper Limb
What is the course of the cephalic vein?
Superiorly along the anterolateral forearm and arm.
p.45
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What is the primary function of the Acromioclavicular Ligament?
To ensure stability of the acromioclavicular joint.
p.56
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
Which muscles does the Dorsal Scapular artery supply?
Rhomboid major and minor, Latissimus dorsi, Ascending trapezius.
p.49
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What is the origin of the coracohumeral ligament?
From the base of the coracoid process.
p.30
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
What does the intertubercular groove separate?
The greater and lesser tubercles.
p.1
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What is the function of ligaments in relation to bones?
To connect bones to other bones at joints.
p.29
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
What is the Lesser Tubercle?
A small eminence on the proximal end of the humerus.
p.20
Bony Landmarks of the Scapula
Where is the Infraglenoid Tubercle located?
Inferior to the glenoid fossa on the head of the scapula.
p.29
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
What separates the Lesser Tubercle from the Greater Tubercle?
The intertubercular sulcus.
p.5
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What is unique about the sternoclavicular joint?
It is the only joint that connects the axial skeleton with the appendicular skeleton.
p.59
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
Which muscles does the Lateral thoracic artery supply?
Serratus anterior, Pectoralis major and minor, Subscapularis.
p.12
Bony Landmarks of the Scapula
What muscles attach to the Superior Border of the scapula?
Inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle.
p.1
Anatomy of the Humerus
What is the primary function of bones in the human body?
To provide structure, support, and protection for organs.
p.41
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
What is the groove for the ulnar nerve?
A shallow depression on the posterior surface of the medial epicondyle of the humerus.
p.52
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What is the primary function of the Transverse Humeral Ligaments?
To hold the tendon in the intertubercular sulcus.
p.10
Anatomy of the Scapula
Where is the scapula located?
On the posterior side of the thoracic cage.
p.41
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
What is the function of the groove for the ulnar nerve?
It allows the passage of the ulnar nerve.
p.22
Anatomy of the Scapula
What is the acromion?
A bony projection from the lateral end of the spine of the scapula.
p.20
Bony Landmarks of the Scapula
Where is the Supraglenoid Tubercle located?
Superior to the glenoid fossa on the head of the scapula.
p.3
Bony Landmarks of the Clavicle
What is the shape of the clavicle?
The clavicle is S-shaped.
p.44
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What structure does the Superior Scapular Transverse Ligament create?
It turns the scapular notch into a foramen.
p.29
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
Where is the Lesser Tubercle located in relation to the Greater Tubercle?
Anteromedially to the Greater Tubercle.
p.5
Bony Landmarks of the Clavicle
What joint is formed by the sternal end of the clavicle?
The sternoclavicular joint.
p.51
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What is the function of the Superior Glenohumeral Ligament?
Helps suspend the humeral head.
p.65
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What does the Profunda brachii artery supply?
Triceps brachii, humerus, and elbow joint.
p.97
Anatomy of the Humerus
Where is the medial attachment of the Latissimus Dorsi?
Spinous processes of T7-T12.
p.72
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
What does the acronym 'Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, and Branches' help remember?
The structure of the brachial plexus.
p.33
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
What ligament attaches to the lateral epicondyle?
Radial collateral ligament.
p.12
Bony Landmarks of the Scapula
Which muscles attach to the Lateral Border of the scapula?
Teres major and Teres minor muscles.
p.89
Anatomy of the Humerus
What is the role of tendons in relation to muscles?
They connect muscles to bones.
p.24
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
What are the epicondyles of the humerus?
Bony projections located at the distal end of the humerus, serving as attachment points for forearm muscles.
p.73
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
Where do the roots of the brachial plexus run in relation to the subclavian artery?
Superior to the subclavian artery.
p.64
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What is the course of the posterior circumflex humeral artery?
It travels posteriorly through the quadrangular space to the posterior surface of the humerus.
p.66
Venous Drainage of the Upper Limb
What is the role of skeletal muscle in venous blood flow?
Skeletal muscle contractions help propel blood through veins.
p.4
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What joint is formed by the articulation of the acromial end of the clavicle?
The acromioclavicular joint.
p.80
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
What forms the middle part of the 'M' in the brachial plexus?
The Median Nerve, joined by branches off the lateral and medial cords.
p.53
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What are the three layers of an artery?
Tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa.
p.87
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What important artery is found in the Triangular Space?
Circumflex Scapular Artery.
p.20
Bony Landmarks of the Scapula
What muscle attaches to the Supraglenoid Tubercle?
Long head of the biceps brachii.
p.49
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What is the primary function of the coracohumeral ligament?
To stabilize the glenohumeral joint.
p.30
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
What does the canal in the intertubercular groove contain?
The tendon of the long head of biceps brachii and the ascending branch of the anterior circumflex humeral artery.
p.49
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
How does the coracohumeral ligament affect the articular capsule?
It reinforces the articular capsule.
p.20
Bony Landmarks of the Scapula
What muscle attaches to the Infraglenoid Tubercle?
Long head of the triceps brachii.
p.65
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What is the course of the Profunda brachii artery?
Distally, posterior to the humerus.
p.3
Bony Landmarks of the Clavicle
What is the significance of the costal tuberosity on the clavicle?
It provides an attachment for the costoclavicular ligament.
p.51
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What role does the Middle Glenohumeral Ligament play?
Provides anterior stability during abduction.
p.33
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
What muscles attach to the lateral epicondyle?
Superficial muscles of the posterior compartment, supinator, and anconeus muscles.
p.57
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What are the branches of the first division of the Axillary artery?
Superior thoracic artery.
p.57
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What are the branches of the second division of the Axillary artery?
Thoracoacromial artery and lateral thoracic artery.
p.24
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
What is the greater tubercle of the humerus?
A prominent bony landmark on the lateral side of the humerus, serving as an attachment point for rotator cuff muscles.
p.24
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
What is the name of the distal end of the humerus that articulates with the forearm bones?
The trochlea and capitulum.
p.27
Anatomy of the Humerus
Where is the Surgical Neck of the Humerus located?
Distally to the greater and lesser tubercles.
p.35
Anatomy of the Humerus
What joint does the humeral condyle form?
Elbow joint with radius and ulna.
p.58
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
Which muscles does the Superior thoracic artery supply?
Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, and intercostal muscles.
p.70
Venous Drainage of the Upper Limb
Where does the axillary vein course to?
It continues superomedially to the external border of the first rib, becoming the subclavian vein.
p.63
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What is the course of the anterior circumflex humeral artery?
Laterally across the anterior surgical neck of the humerus.
p.57
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What is the course of the Axillary artery?
From the first rib to the inferior border of the teres major muscle.
p.54
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What is the origin of the suprascapular artery?
Thyrocervical trunk of the Subclavian artery.
p.60
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What is the course of the deltoid branch of the thoracoacromial artery?
Laterally along pectoralis minor to the deltoid.
p.97
Anatomy of the Humerus
What actions does the Latissimus Dorsi perform at the shoulder joint?
Extension, adduction, medial rotation.
p.54
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What type of supply does the suprascapular artery provide to the shoulder?
Cutaneous supply to the shoulder and superior thorax.
p.72
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
What is the pathway from the Superior Trunk to the Posterior Cord in the brachial plexus?
Through the arrow made by all posterior divisions.
p.24
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
What is the significance of the deltoid tuberosity?
It is a roughened area on the lateral side of the humerus where the deltoid muscle attaches.
p.34
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
Which muscles attach to the Lateral Supracondylar Ridge?
Brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus.
p.37
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
Where is the trochlea located on the humerus?
Inferomedial aspect of the distal humerus.
p.54
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What is the course of the suprascapular artery?
Laterally parallel to the clavicle, through the suprascapular notch, to the supraspinous fossa and inferior scapular notch.
p.79
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
What is the role of the Anconeus muscle?
Assists in elbow extension.
p.47
Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What function does the Trapezoid part of the Coracoclavicular Ligament serve?
Involved in twisting, limiting excessive rotation of adjoining bones.
p.72
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
What nerves can be found in the Posterior Cord?
Upper Subscapular N, Middle Subscapular N (Thoracodorsal N), and Lower Subscapular N.
p.37
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
With which part of the ulna does the trochlea articulate?
Trochlear notch of the ulna.
p.12
Bony Landmarks of the Scapula
Where does the Lateral Border of the scapula extend?
From the infraglenoid tubercle to the inferior angle.
p.54
Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What structures are supplied by the suprascapular artery?
Scapula, clavicle, acromioclavicular and glenohumeral joints.
p.12
Bony Landmarks of the Scapula
What is the extent of the Medial Border of the scapula?
From the superior angle to the inferior angle.
p.89
Anatomy of the Humerus
What is the energy source for muscle contraction?
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
p.72
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Innervation
What does MARMU stand for?
Musculocutaneous, Axillary, Radial, Medial, and Ulnar nerves.
p.12
Bony Landmarks of the Scapula
Which muscles attach to the Medial Border of the scapula?
Serratus anterior, levator scapulae, rhomboid major, and rhomboid minor.
p.24
Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
What is the lesser tubercle of the humerus?
A smaller bony prominence located on the anterior side of the humerus, also serving as an attachment for muscles.
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Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
What role does the trochlea play in the elbow?
Contributes to the elbow joint.
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Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What are the branches of the third division of the Axillary artery?
Subscapular artery, anterior circumflex humeral artery, and posterior circumflex humeral artery.
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Ligaments of the Shoulder Complex
What is the function of the Conoid part of the Coracoclavicular Ligament?
Helps keep the coracoid process and clavicle in close opposition.
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Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
What is the function of the radial groove on the humerus?
It accommodates the radial nerve as it travels down the arm.
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Anatomy of the Humerus
What is the Surgical Neck of the Humerus?
The proximal end of the body of the humerus.
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Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What does the clavicular branch of the thoracoacromial artery supply?
Subclavius muscle and sternoclavicular joint.
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Arterial Supply of the Shoulder Region
What does the pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery supply?
Pectoralis major and minor, mammary gland, skin.
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Bony Landmarks of the Humerus
Why is the Surgical Neck of the Humerus significant?
It is a weak area of the humerus and the most common site for humeral fractures.
