What type of compound is formed when magnesium burns in oxygen?
An ionic compound, made up of Mg2+ and O2-.
p.4
Hydrolysis and Condensation Reactions
What are starch and complex sugars hydrolyzed into?
Starch and complex sugars are hydrolyzed to simple sugars.
p.1
Energy Involvement in Reactions
What is energy's role in chemical reactions?
Energy is involved in doing work and is transferred during reactions.
p.4
Hydrolysis and Condensation Reactions
What is an example of polymers formed by the elimination of water?
Starch and cellulose are both polymers of glucose, where glucose molecules are joined together with the concurrent elimination of water.
p.4
Hydrolysis and Condensation Reactions
What happens to proteins during hydrolysis?
Proteins are hydrolyzed to amino acids.
p.1
Chemical Reactions in the Human Body
What are the byproducts of cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide and water.
p.2
Types of Chemical Reactions
What are the basic types of combinatory changes in chemical reactions?
Synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, and double displacement.
What is involved in redox reactions?
Transfer of one or more electrons from a reducing agent to an oxidizing agent.
What happens to magnesium atoms in the reaction with oxygen?
Each magnesium atom gives up 2 electrons and gets oxidized.
p.1
First Law of Thermodynamics
What does the First Law of Thermodynamics state?
The total energy of a system and its surroundings is constant; energy cannot be created or destroyed.
What happens to oxygen atoms in the reaction with magnesium?
Each oxygen atom accepts 2 electrons and gets reduced.
p.1
Thermodynamics in Living Organisms
What is entropy in the context of living organisms?
Entropy is a measure of the disorder of a system or energy unavailable to do work, and living organisms increase the entropy of the universe while transforming energy.
p.2
Types of Chemical Reactions
What are the types of reactants in chemical reactions?
Redox reaction and acid-base reaction.
p.2
Hydrolysis and Condensation Reactions
What are the possible outcomes of chemical reactions?
Condensation and hydrolysis.
p.1
Conservation of Matter
What does the Law of Conservation of Matter state?
Matter cannot be created or destroyed during any chemical or physical change.
p.4
Hydrolysis and Condensation Reactions
What are the two basic ways polymers can be formed?
Linking small molecules together (addition reaction) and combining two molecules with the elimination of a stable small molecule such as water.
p.4
Hydrolysis and Condensation Reactions
What are fats hydrolyzed into?
Fats are hydrolyzed to fatty acids and glycerol.
p.1
Carbohydrate Metabolism
What happens to starchy food (carbohydrate) when eaten?
It is broken down into glucose in the intestine, enters the circulatory system, and is transported to tissues for ATP production.
p.1
Chemical Reactions in the Human Body
How is carbon dioxide transported to the lungs for exhalation?
It is transported by hemoglobin, which can each take up 4 O2 molecules.
p.1
Chemical Reactions in the Human Body
What happens to carbon dioxide when it dissolves in water?
It forms carbonic acid, which then dissociates into bicarbonate ions.
p.1
Thermodynamics in Living Organisms
How do living organisms interact with energy according to thermodynamics?
Living organisms cannot create or destroy energy but can transfer it from one form to another, increasing the entropy of the universe.
p.1
Conservation of Matter
What is the relationship between the mass of reactants and the mass of products in a chemical reaction?
The mass of reactants equals the mass of products.
