p.14
Atomic Structure and Elements
What does the principal quantum number 'n' represent?
It represents different energy levels or orbits of electrons.
p.2
Introduction to Basic Electronics
What is the paper used in the handbook?
80 GSM CBSE Water Mark White Maplitho.
p.18
Electric and Magnetic Fields
What happens to a charged particle in crossed electric and magnetic fields?
It drifts perpendicular to both fields and exhibits spiral motion along the magnetic field.
p.14
Atomic Structure and Elements
What is the ionization level?
The energy level corresponding to n=∞, where an electron can be detached from the atom.
p.1
Introduction to Basic Electronics
Where is the CBSE Shiksha Kendra located?
2, Community Centre, Preet Vihar, Delhi-110092.
p.7
Semiconductors and Diodes
What are n-type and p-type semiconductors?
Types of extrinsic semiconductors.
p.7
Current and Current Density
What is Drift Current?
Current due to the movement of charge carriers in an electric field.
p.14
Atomic Structure and Elements
What do electrons do in the Bohr atomic model?
They move about the nucleus in discrete circular orbits without radiating energy.
p.18
Electric and Magnetic Fields
What creates magnetic fields in everyday life?
Permanent magnets that pull on ferromagnetic materials like iron, cobalt, or nickel.
p.18
Electric and Magnetic Fields
How does the Earth's magnetic field benefit us?
It is important for navigation and shields the Earth's atmosphere from solar wind.
p.14
Atomic Structure and Elements
What is the ground level in an atom?
The lowest energy state that an electron occupies.
p.1
Introduction to Basic Electronics
What is the full name of CBSE?
Central Board of Secondary Education.
p.1
Introduction to Basic Electronics
What is the purpose of the Student Handbook?
To provide guidance and information for Class XI students.
p.6
Educational Objectives and Learning Outcomes
What is the role of Smt. Charu Gaur?
Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Delhi Institute of Tool Engineering.
p.2
Introduction to Basic Electronics
What is the title of the handbook?
Basic Electronics Student Handbook, Class - XI.
p.15
Atomic Structure and Elements
What is the charge of an electron?
Negative elementary electric charge, denoted as -19e.
p.16
Current and Current Density
What is the SI unit for current density?
Ampere per square meter (A/m²).
p.2
Introduction to Basic Electronics
What is the price of the Basic Electronics Student Handbook?
Not specified in the provided text.
p.15
Electric and Magnetic Fields
What is electric field intensity?
The force on a unit positive charge placed at that point in the field.
p.17
Semiconductors and Diodes
What is the range of the first ionization potential for atoms?
From 3.894 V for cesium to 24.587 V for helium.
p.20
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
What are the main components of a general-purpose CRT?
Electron Gun, Deflection System, and Fluorescent Screen.
p.10
History of Electronics
What is a diode and who invented it?
A two-element electron tube invented by John Fleming in 1897.
p.6
Educational Objectives and Learning Outcomes
Who is the convener of the content development?
Sh. Rakesh Kr. Dhammi, HOD, Department of Mechatronics, Delhi.
p.12
Atomic Structure and Elements
What is the size of atoms measured in?
Picometers (trillionths of a meter).
p.20
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
What is the structure of a CRT?
A highly evacuated funnel-shaped glass tube.
p.10
History of Electronics
What are the two branches of Electronics?
Physical Electronics and Electronics Engineering.
p.17
Semiconductors and Diodes
How can the values of ionization potential be determined experimentally?
By studying ionization induced by electron impact or measuring the energy of photons during photoionization.
p.11
Semiconductors and Diodes
What does VLSI stand for?
Very Large Scale Integration.
p.20
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
What happens when the electron beam strikes the fluorescent screen?
The kinetic energy of electrons is converted into light emission, creating a small light spot.
p.15
Electric and Magnetic Fields
What does the electric potential energy depend on?
The charge magnitude and configuration of the system.
p.17
Electric and Magnetic Fields
What do Maxwell’s equations describe?
The relationship between electric and magnetic fields as functions of charges and currents.
p.19
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
How is the horizontal displacement of the CRT spot achieved?
By a sweep generator or an external signal applied to the horizontal input terminal.
p.5
Transistors and Their Configurations
What configurations of transistors are mentioned in the content?
Junction Transistor, FET, MOSFET, SCR, DIAC, and TRIAC.
p.15
Electric and Magnetic Fields
What happens to electric potential energy when the configuration of charged particles changes?
The electrostatic force does work on the particles, changing the potential energy.
p.22
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
How is the total deflection of the electron calculated?
Total deflection d = d1 + d2 = (1.30)
p.19
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
What does the power supply in a CRO consist of?
A high voltage section for the CRT and a low voltage section for the associated electronic circuitry.
p.4
Fundamental Duties in the Constitution of India
What type of republic is India as stated in the Preamble?
Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic.
p.7
Semiconductors and Diodes
What is the significance of the Energy Gap in semiconductors?
It determines the electrical conductivity.
p.14
Atomic Structure and Elements
What is the relationship between angular momentum and Planck's constant in the Bohr model?
The angular momentum of an electron is an integral multiple of h/2π.
p.2
Introduction to Basic Electronics
Who published the Basic Electronics Student Handbook?
The Secretary, Central Board of Secondary Education.
p.6
Educational Objectives and Learning Outcomes
What is Dr. Biswajit Saha's position?
Director (Vocational & Training), CBSE.
p.3
Fundamental Duties in the Constitution of India
Hkkjr dks lafo/ku ewy dÙkZO; kaise vyavasthit kiya gaya hai?
Lafo/ku (c;kyhloka la'kks/u) vf/fu;e] 1976 dh /kjk 2 }kjk (3-1-1977) ls.
p.19
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
What does a Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO) display?
Amplitude of electrical signal as a function of time.
p.20
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
What emits electrons in a CRT?
An indirectly heated thermionic cathode.
p.9
Educational Objectives and Learning Outcomes
What is the purpose of the assessment plan mentioned?
To evaluate knowledge and skill outcomes related to the unit.
p.16
Atomic Structure and Elements
How is ionization potential expressed?
In volts, and it is numerically equal to the ionization energy in electron volts.
p.15
Electric and Magnetic Fields
What are the SI units of electric field intensity?
Newton per coulomb (N/C) or volts per meter (V/m).
p.12
Atomic Structure and Elements
What did Johann Balmer devise a formula for?
The wavelengths of light emitted and absorbed by hydrogen.
p.18
Electric and Magnetic Fields
What is the relationship between oppositely charged particles in a magnetic field?
They gyrate in opposite directions.
p.10
History of Electronics
Who discovered the Edison Effect and in what year?
Thomas Alva Edison in 1883.
p.16
Electric and Magnetic Fields
What is one electron-volt (eV)?
It is the energy equal to the work required to move a single elementary charge through a potential difference of one volt.
p.14
Atomic Structure and Elements
What happens when an electron jumps from a higher energy state to a lower energy state?
An electromagnetic radiation of frequency is emitted.
p.15
Atomic Structure and Elements
How does the mass of an electron change with velocity?
It increases with velocity and approaches infinity as velocity approaches the speed of light.
p.12
Atomic Structure and Elements
What happens if the number of protons and electrons in an atom are not equal?
The atom becomes an ion with an overall positive or negative charge.
p.5
Introduction to Basic Electronics
What course has CBSE introduced at the Senior Secondary level?
Electronics Technology as a Vocational Course.
p.18
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
What is the Cathode Ray Oscilloscope used for?
To display shapes of alternating current and voltages and measure voltage, current, and power.
p.14
Atomic Structure and Elements
What are subshells represented by in atomic structure?
They are represented by s, p, d, f corresponding to l=0, 1, 2, 3, respectively.
p.9
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
What is the Cathode Ray Oscilloscope used for?
To visualize electrical signals and analyze waveforms.
p.10
History of Electronics
What are the three main components around which Electronics has evolved?
Vacuum tubes, transistors, and integrated circuits.
p.9
Educational Objectives and Learning Outcomes
How long is the planned time for the exercises in this unit?
Two hours for each exercise.
p.11
Semiconductors and Diodes
What is the difference between SSI, MSI, LSI, and VLSI?
SSI has <100 components, MSI has >100 and <1000, LSI has >1000 and <10000, and VLSI has >10000 components per chip.
p.21
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
What happens when positive voltage is applied to deflection plate A relative to plate B?
Electrons deviate towards deflection plate A due to their negative charge.
p.5
Introduction to Basic Electronics
Who authored the Basic Electronics Student Handbook?
Competent educationists in the field of Electronics and Communication in association with CBSE.
p.20
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
What analogy is used to describe the motion of electrons in the Electron Gun?
The analogy between the motion of electrons and a bullet fired from a gun.
p.22
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
What does the deflection sensitivity S depend on?
S is inversely proportional to the final anode voltage and directly proportional to the lengths of the deflecting plates and the screen.
p.10
History of Electronics
Who proposed the concept of the integrated circuit and when?
Geoffrey W. A. Dummer in 1952.
p.21
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
What is the deflection factor in a CRT?
The voltage required to displace the spot by 1mm on the screen.
p.21
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
How is deflection sensitivity defined?
It is the reciprocal of the deflection factor, expressed in mm/V.
p.7
Current and Current Density
What are the two types of resistors mentioned?
Fixed Resistors and Variable Resistors.
p.16
Electric and Magnetic Fields
What is the potential difference (ΔV) between two points in an electric field?
It is equal to the difference in potential energy per unit charge between those two points.
p.6
Educational Objectives and Learning Outcomes
Which institution is Smt. Monika Garg associated with?
GP Pant Government Engineering College, Okhla, New Delhi.
p.16
Current and Current Density
What is the SI unit of electric current?
Coulomb per second, or Ampere (A).
p.16
Current and Current Density
What does electric current represent?
The stream of moving charge.
p.20
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
What is the primary function of the Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)?
It generates an electron beam and creates images on a phosphor screen.
p.18
Electric and Magnetic Fields
What is the Lorentz law used for?
To describe the force acting on a charged particle in electric and magnetic fields.
p.9
Atomic Structure and Elements
What are the key concepts covered in this unit?
Atoms, atomic energy levels, electrons, field intensity, potential energy, current and current density, electric and magnetic fields, motion of charged particles, and Cathode Ray Oscilloscope.
p.16
Atomic Structure and Elements
What is ionization potential?
The potential difference needed to free a bound electron from an atom or molecule.
p.2
Introduction to Basic Electronics
What is the restriction mentioned regarding the handbook?
It may not be reproduced by any person or agency in any manner.
p.12
Atomic Structure and Elements
What is the mass concentration of an atom?
Over 99.94% of the atom's mass is in the nucleus.
p.18
Electric and Magnetic Fields
What is the effect of an electric field on a charged particle in a co-moving frame?
The electric field has no effect on the particle’s motion in that frame.
p.19
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
What are the major components of a CRO?
Cathode Ray Tube, Vertical Amplifier, Delay Line, Trigger Circuit, Time Base Generator, Horizontal Amplifier, Power Supply.
p.5
Semiconductors and Diodes
What types of electronic components are discussed in the handbook?
Resistors, voltage sources, batteries, semiconductors, diodes, and transistors.
p.17
Electric and Magnetic Fields
What is the formula for the magnitude of a uniform electric field between two plates?
E = V / d, where V is the potential difference and d is the distance between the plates.
p.20
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
How does the Deflection System in a CRT work?
It changes the direction of the electron beam using voltages applied to horizontal and vertical deflection plates.
p.21
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
How does the voltage applied to horizontal and vertical plates affect the electron beam?
It deflects the beam in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively.
p.22
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
How can deflection sensitivity be enhanced?
By reducing the anode voltage, although this reduces the brightness of the spot.
p.17
Electric and Magnetic Fields
What is the role of photons in quantum physics regarding electromagnetic fields?
Electromagnetic interactions result from the exchange of photons.
p.22
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
What is the role of a uniform magnetic field B on the electron beam?
It acts on the electron beam emitted from the electron gun over a length l.
p.7
Atomic Structure and Elements
What is the main topic of Unit 3?
Overview of Atom, Sub Atomic Particles & CRO.
p.12
Atomic Structure and Elements
What are the three main components of an atom?
Protons, neutrons, and electrons.
p.11
Semiconductors and Diodes
What is the significance of the silicon integrated circuit (SIC)?
It combines transistors, diodes, capacitors, and resistors on a single chip.
p.10
History of Electronics
What is the origin of the word 'Electronics'?
It is derived from the word 'electron'.
p.12
Atomic Structure and Elements
What is the charge of protons, electrons, and neutrons?
Protons: positive, Electrons: negative, Neutrons: no charge.
p.11
Semiconductors and Diodes
What types of integrated circuits were developed by the mid-1970s?
Analog ICs, large-scale integration (LSI), and very-large-scale integration (VLSI).
p.3
Fundamental Duties in the Constitution of India
Hkkjr ke lafo/ku ewy dÙkZO; ka prabhav kya hai?
Hkkjr ds lHkh yksxksa esa lejlrk vkSj leku Hkzkr`Ro dh Hkkouk.
p.14
Atomic Structure and Elements
What do the letters K, L, M, N represent in atomic structure?
They denote the electronic shells for n=1, 2, 3, 4, respectively.
p.10
History of Electronics
What is the focus of Electronics Engineering?
The design, fabrication, and application of electronic devices.
p.20
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
What is the role of the Electron Gun in a CRT?
It emits electrons, transforms them into a narrow beam, and focuses the beam on the fluorescent screen.
p.22
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
What happens to the electron after it leaves the region of the deflecting plates?
It moves in a straight line at an angle θ.
p.5
Introduction to Basic Electronics
What educational approach does the handbook use to aid learning?
Simple language, pictorial illustrations, and examples.
p.10
History of Electronics
What is a triode and who invented it?
A three-element tube invented by Lee de Forest in 1906.
p.11
History of Electronics
What was the first application of radio and when did it occur?
The application of radio occurred in 1912 with the birth of the Institute of Radio Engineers in the USA.
p.10
History of Electronics
What are the advantages of transistors over vacuum tubes?
Transistors are compact, lightweight, low-cost, consume less power, and have a longer life.
p.21
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
What is the principle behind magnetic deflection in a CRT?
Electrons are deflected by a magnetic field applied perpendicular to their path.
p.4
Fundamental Duties in the Constitution of India
What is one of the duties related to the environment mentioned in Article 51A?
To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife.
p.8
Semiconductors and Diodes
What effect does temperature have on the conductivity of semiconductors?
Temperature affects the conductivity by increasing it as temperature rises.
p.9
Atomic Structure and Elements
What is the focus of the unit on Atom and Sub-Atomic Particles?
Understanding the history of electronics and fundamental elements such as atoms and their components.
p.16
Current and Current Density
What is current density (J)?
It describes the flow of charge through a cross-section of a conductor, equal to current per unit area.
p.11
History of Electronics
Which companies were pivotal in the evolution of the semiconductor industry?
Texas Instruments and Fairchild Semiconductor Company.
p.3
Fundamental Duties in the Constitution of India
Hkkjr ke lafo/ku ewy dÙkZO; ka pramukh uddeshya kya hai?
Hkkjr dh izHkqrk, ,drk vkSj v[kaMrk dh j{kk djs vkSj mls v{kq..k j[ks.
p.19
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
What are some applications of the CRO?
Troubleshooting radio and television receivers, design, development, and analysis of electronic circuits.
p.10
History of Electronics
What does Physical Electronics deal with?
The motion of electrons in a vacuum, gas, or semiconductor.
p.19
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
What physical quantities can be converted into voltages for display on a CRO?
Pressure, strain, temperature, acceleration, etc.
p.5
Introduction to Basic Electronics
What does the Basic Electronics Student Handbook aim to teach?
The basics of electronics in a sequential manner.
p.15
Electric and Magnetic Fields
What is the relationship between potential energy per unit charge and charge magnitude?
Potential energy per unit charge is independent of the charge magnitude.
What did Bohr's model of the atom propose about electron orbits?
Electrons orbit the nucleus in circular paths with quantized angular momentum.
p.22
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
What is the effect of post acceleration on the electron beam?
It accelerates the beam after it is deflected, mitigating the disadvantage of reduced brightness.
p.4
Fundamental Duties in the Constitution of India
What does the duty to promote harmony entail?
To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood among all the people of India, transcending diversities.
p.8
Semiconductors and Diodes
What is the depletion layer in a PN junction diode?
A region where mobile charge carriers are depleted, creating a barrier.
p.13
Atomic Structure and Elements
What ensures that an atom is electrically neutral?
The number of orbital electrons is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus.
p.8
Semiconductors and Diodes
What is reverse biasing in a diode?
When the positive terminal of a battery is connected to the N-type material.
p.5
Introduction to Basic Electronics
What was the breakthrough invention that led to modern electronics?
The invention of the Electron.
p.18
Electric and Magnetic Fields
What is the cyclotron frequency?
The frequency at which charged particles gyrate in a plane perpendicular to the magnetic field.
p.20
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
What transforms emitted electrons into a high-velocity electron beam?
A number of electrodes in the CRT.
p.3
Fundamental Duties in the Constitution of India
Hkkjr ke lafo/ku ewy dÙkZO; kaise lagu kiya jata hai?
Lafo/ku (N;klhoka la'kks/u) vf/fu;e] 2002 dh /kjk 4 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA.
p.19
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
What is the basic function of a CRO?
To show an input signal versus another signal or versus time.
p.5
Atomic Structure and Elements
What fundamental concepts are covered in the Student Handbook?
Atoms, atomic energy levels, field intensity, current density, electric and magnetic fields.
p.15
Electric and Magnetic Fields
What is the formula for the force on a charged particle in an electric field?
F = qE, where F is the force, q is the charge, and E is the electric field intensity.
p.19
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
What is the role of the trigger circuit in a CRO?
To activate the time base generator using a signal from the vertical input terminal or an external trigger signal.
p.10
History of Electronics
What significant development in electronics occurred in 1948?
The invention of the transistor by John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley.
p.4
Fundamental Duties in the Constitution of India
What is the duty of every citizen regarding the Constitution?
To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions.
p.13
Atomic Structure and Elements
What is the smallest possible orbital radius in the Bohr Model called?
Bohr's radius (a), which is approximately 5.291 × 10⁻¹¹ m.
p.13
Atomic Structure and Elements
What particles make up an atom?
Electrons, protons, and neutrons.
p.8
Semiconductors and Diodes
What is forward biasing in a diode?
When the positive terminal of a battery is connected to the P-type material.
p.8
Semiconductors and Diodes
What is breakdown in a junction diode?
A condition where the diode conducts in reverse bias due to high voltage.
p.9
Electric and Magnetic Fields
What is the significance of understanding electric and magnetic fields in this unit?
They are essential for comprehending the behavior of charged particles and their interactions.
p.16
Atomic Structure and Elements
What does the ionization potential indicate?
It characterizes the electron’s bond strength in the atom or molecule.
p.9
Educational Objectives and Learning Outcomes
What type of assessment method is used in this unit?
Exercise: Question & Answer.
p.11
Transistors and Their Configurations
What major invention occurred in 1948 related to transistors?
The point contact transistor was invented by Brattain and Bardeen.
p.19
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
What determines the frequency range of a CRO?
The bandwidth of the amplifier.
p.13
Atomic Structure and Elements
What is the formula for the magnitude of the Coulomb force between the electron and proton?
F = k * (q1 * q2) / r², where k = 1/(4πε₀).
p.13
Atomic Structure and Elements
Why can't the electron get any closer to the nucleus than the orbital radius a?
Because the attraction between the electron and nucleus does not collapse at this radius.
p.8
Semiconductors and Diodes
What is a photo diode?
A diode that converts light into electrical current.
p.8
Transistors and Their Configurations
What is the purpose of feedback in amplifiers?
To improve stability and bandwidth of the amplifier.
p.17
Electric and Magnetic Fields
What does the magnetic field at any given point specify?
Both a direction and a magnitude (or strength); it is a vector field.
p.17
Electric and Magnetic Fields
What are the two distinct fields related to magnetic fields denoted by?
B and H, where H is measured in amperes per meter and B in teslas.
p.4
Fundamental Duties in the Constitution of India
What does Article 51A of the Constitution of India outline?
The Fundamental Duties of every citizen.
p.21
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
What is the relationship between mass, charge, and voltage for an electron in a deflection system?
2mv = eV, where m is mass, e is charge, and V is the accelerating anode voltage.
p.8
Semiconductors and Diodes
What is a PN Junction Diode?
A semiconductor diode formed by joining P-type and N-type materials.
p.4
Fundamental Duties in the Constitution of India
What is the significance of cherishing the ideals of the national struggle for freedom?
It is a duty to cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired India's national struggle for freedom.
p.8
Semiconductors and Diodes
What is a Zener diode used for?
To regulate voltage in circuits.
p.21
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
What causes the moving spot on the screen to appear as a continuous luminous waveform?
The persistence of the screen and human eye.
p.13
Atomic Structure and Elements
In the Bohr Model, what is assumed about the proton's position?
The proton is fixed in place due to its greater mass compared to the electron.
p.13
Atomic Structure and Elements
What is the relationship between force and acceleration in the context of the electron's motion?
F = ma, where F is the Coulomb force and a is the centripetal acceleration.
p.8
Semiconductors and Diodes
What does the V-I characteristic of a semiconductor show?
The relationship between voltage and current in the diode.
p.17
Electric and Magnetic Fields
How are electric and magnetic fields viewed in special relativity?
As two interrelated aspects of a single object called the electromagnetic tensor.
p.4
Fundamental Duties in the Constitution of India
What are the four key objectives mentioned in the Preamble?
Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity.
p.21
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
What is the purpose of the phosphor coating on the CRT screen?
It absorbs kinetic energy from the cathode ray and re-emits it as light.
p.4
Fundamental Duties in the Constitution of India
When was the Constitution of India adopted?
On the twenty-sixth day of November, 1949.
p.13
Atomic Structure and Elements
What does Bohr's assumption about quantization imply for the electron's orbital radius?
The orbital radius r is quantized and can be expressed as r = an for n=1,2,3…
p.4
Fundamental Duties in the Constitution of India
What is the duty related to education as per Article 51A?
To provide opportunities for education to his/her child or ward between the ages of 6 and 14 years.
p.8
Semiconductors and Diodes
How does a diode function as a rectifier?
It allows current to flow in one direction while blocking it in the opposite direction.
p.21
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
What is magnetic field sensitivity?
The deflection of the spot on the screen per unit magnetic field, expressed in mm/gauss.
p.13
Atomic Structure and Elements
What is the role of neutrons in an atom?
Neutrons are neutral particles that have a mass nearly equal to that of protons and are found in the atomic nucleus.
p.8
Semiconductors and Diodes
What is a Zener diode regulator?
A circuit that uses a Zener diode to maintain a constant output voltage.
p.8
Transistors and Their Configurations
What is an oscillator?
A circuit that generates a continuous output signal.
p.13
Atomic Structure and Elements
How does the mass of a proton compare to that of an electron?
The mass of a proton is 1837 times greater than that of an electron.
p.8
Semiconductors and Diodes
What is a potential barrier in a diode?
The energy barrier that must be overcome for current to flow.
p.8
Semiconductors and Diodes
What is an LED?
A light-emitting diode that emits light when current flows through it.
p.8
Transistors and Their Configurations
What is a Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)?
A type of transistor that uses both electron and hole charge carriers.
p.8
Transistors and Their Configurations
What are thyristors used for?
To control power in electrical circuits.
p.13
Atomic Structure and Elements
How do atoms of different elements differ from each other?
They differ due to different numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
p.8
Transistors and Their Configurations
What are the configurations of a BJT?
Common Base (CB), Common Emitter (CE), and Common Collector (CC).
p.8
Semiconductors and Diodes
What is a voltage multiplier?
A circuit that increases the voltage from a lower level to a higher level.
