They illustrate how velocity changes over time.
A measure of how much a force acting on an object causes that object to rotate.
1/6 of the original.
They can be shorter, longer, or just as long.
2/3 (mg).
Low frequency and long wavelength.
High frequency and short wavelength.
Real, inverted, and enlarged.
The heavier person must sit farther from the fulcrum compared to the lighter person.
F_e = k (q₁ q₂) / r², where k = 8.99 × 10⁹ N m²/C².
Farsightedness; inability to see nearby objects clearly.
Parallel to the direction of the wave.
It is halved.
Greater than 490 N.
Virtual, upright, and reduced.
Virtual, upright, and reduced.
F_g = G (m₁ m₂) / r², where G = 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ N m²/kg².
It describes the attraction or repulsion between electric charges or magnetic poles.
Real, inverted, and enlarged.
g = -9.81 m/s².
Volume of fluid per time elapsed.
The heat (Q) transferred during a phase change, where m is mass and L is latent heat.
It describes the forces opposing the relative motion of an object as it passes through the air.
P_g = ρgh, where ρ is the density of the fluid, g is gravitational acceleration, and h is fluid height.
F_S = F_N * μ_S
Opposite to the direction of the cart's movement.
Between b and c.
𝝉 = 𝑭 × 𝑟 (Torque equals force times moment arm).
Light bends toward or away from the normal as it changes speed.
The metal cools at a temperature less than 100°C, the water evolves heat to the metal, and the water’s temperature will decrease.
A force exerted on an object by any surface it is in contact with, always perpendicular to that surface.
400 cal.
The object will float.
It loses kinetic energy and acquires potential energy as it rises.
Air resistance causes objects with smaller mass to reach terminal velocity more easily than heavier objects.
Heat required to change from liquid to gas (or from gas to liquid).
Time it takes for the wave source to make one complete vibration; reciprocal of frequency.
P = F/A
F_r = F_N * μ_r
They show how distance or displacement changes over time.
A circuit where current passes through only one route from the source through several loads and back to the source.
All travel at the same speed.
Between c and d.
Between d and e.
Voltage, current, and resistance.
A vector quantity that refers to how far out of place an object is; it is the object's overall change in position.
PE = 1/2 kx², where k = elastic constant and x = displacement.
The heat (Q) transferred, where m is mass, c is specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
It is always greater than or equal to 1.
Velocity decreases.
The potential difference between points when work is done to move charge between points.
D1^2 * V1 = D2^2 * V2.
At the highest point of its flight.
The path taken by an object in projectile motion is parabolic.
Object distance, image distance, and focal length.
Strain is directly proportional to the cause of deformation (stress).
The sum of the impulses of all forces acting on an object for a certain time is equal to the change in momentum of the object during that time.
The solid will float.
As classical (mechanics, thermodynamics, etc.) and modern (quantum and relativity theory) physics.
N·m (Newton-meter), not Joule.
A circuit where general loads are connected to the same voltage source and current is divided among these loads.
The current is divided among the loads.
p = mv, where m is mass and v is velocity.
m1v1i + m2v2i = m1v1f + m2v2f
Perpendicular to the direction of wave motion.
L = Iω, where I is the moment of inertia and ω is angular velocity.
With a converging lens that refracts incoming rays toward the principal axis.
t = √(2h/g).
The rate of change in velocity with respect to time.
Stress = Force / Area.
N·s.
Density = Weight in air / (Weight in air - Weight in water) x Density of water.
R = ρL/A, where R is resistance, ρ is resistivity, L is length, and A is cross-sectional area.
The type of curved mirror (concave or convex) and the object's position.
μ = tan(θ)
The pulling force exerted by a stretched rope or cord on an object to which it is attached.
F = ma, where F is the net force, m is mass, and a is acceleration.
Alpha (helium nuclei), beta (electrons), and gamma (high-energy protons).
The frictional force is greater than the applied force, and the normal force equals the weight of the ball.
Watt (W)
James Clerk Maxwell.
Quantities defined in terms of two or more basic quantities, such as velocity, acceleration, force, and work.
A quantity that has magnitude and unit only, such as distance, speed, time, and energy.
The momentum of the body will not change.
A scalar quantity that refers to how much ground an object has covered during its motion.
Mechanical and electromagnetic waves.
The rate at which mass enters a system is equal to the rate at which mass leaves the system plus the accumulation of mass within the system.
Electric current, where I is electric current, q is the number of charges, and t is time.
A scalar quantity that measures the distance traveled over elapsed time.
Another color will be produced.
Distance between two corresponding points on a wave train.
0.24 seconds.
54°C.
A1 * V1 = A2 * V2.
The principle that the total heat in a closed system remains constant.
The volume of the gas increases.
100 m/s.
An increase in pressure.
An external pressure exerted on a static, enclosed fluid is transmitted uniformly throughout the fluid.
A branch of science dealing with the interaction of matter and energy.
The current is the same in every part of the circuit.
Energy of an object due to its movement; KE = 1/2 mv².
Energy stored in an object due to its position or arrangement.
An arrangement of materials that permits electrons to flow, composed of a source of electrical energy, load, and connecting wires.
105 m.
An upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of a partially or fully immersed object.
2.67 m from the fulcrum.
The new final speed would be one-half.
It reduces the Normal Force.
A vector quantity that measures the displacement over elapsed time.
Nearsightedness; inability to see far objects clearly.
Current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance, expressed as V = IR.
When waves arrive out of phase, resulting in cancellation of the wave.
Strain measures deformation, usually the object's change in length (∆L).
The acceleration in the x-coordinate is zero (ax = 0 m/s²).
1/dₒ + 1/dᵢ = 1/f.
5 images.
The light that reflects off or transmits through the object.
Graphs III and IV.
A quantity that has magnitude, unit, and direction, such as displacement, velocity, force, and acceleration.
300 N.
In any type of collision, the total momentum is always conserved.
Thermodynamics.
n = c/v, where n is the index of refraction, c is the speed of light in a vacuum, and v is the speed of light in the medium.
Weight is the gravitational force that the Earth exerts on a body, calculated as F_w = Mass × g.
6.3 x 10^18 electrons.
The relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction.
Red, Blue, and Green.
Velocity decreases as the object goes up due to negative acceleration.
With a diverging lens that refracts incoming rays toward the principal axis.
Total mechanical energy is conserved and is constant at all points.
Impulse is equal to the change in momentum: J = Δp.
Pascal (Pa)
A push or pull; it is a vector quantity measured in Newtons.
E = hf, where h is Planck's constant (6.63 x 10^-34 J-s) and f is frequency.
The initial velocity is 0 m/s.
For every action, there is an equal but opposite reaction.
They indicate the stiffness of the rope, with lower values suggesting more flexibility.
A current-carrying conductor moves at a right angle to both the direction of current (I) and magnetic field (B).
The new acceleration will be half the original value.
F = B ∙ I ∙ L.
They represent how acceleration varies over time.
A changing electric field and a changing magnetic field.
Length, mass, time, electric current, temperature, amount of substance, luminosity.
It describes the gravitational force that attracts bodies toward each other.
To increase the lever arm and thus the torque.
PE = mgh, where m = mass, g = 9.81 m/s², and h = height.
The presence of all frequencies of visible light.
Using the Pythagorean Theorem: d = √(dx² + dy²).
The weight of fluid displaced by the object.
h = 1/2 g t².
The product of mass and the square of the distance from the center of rotation.
The property of matter that enables it to return to its original size and shape when the applied external force is removed.
In hertz, corresponding to the number of vibrations per second.
Perpendicular force acting on a unit surface.
Length of material, wire diameter, kind of material, temperature, and resistivity.
4.0 m/s.
Number of images = (360/θ) - 1, where θ is the angle between the mirrors.
The volume will decrease two times.
The object momentarily stops (v = 0 m/s).
Buoyant Force = Weight in air - Weight in water.
The spontaneous emission of radiation from the nuclei of certain substances.
There is a loss of energy.
Equal work was done by the professor and the student.
The tendency of a moving object to continue moving and the difficulty encountered in reducing that motion.
Energy contained within a system that is responsible for its temperature.
Ampere.
kg·m/s.
The absence of the visible light spectrum.
KE₁ + PE₁ = KE₂ + PE₂.
Copper will have a higher temperature.
Heat required to change from solid to liquid (or from liquid to solid).
When waves arrive in phase, reinforcing each other to form a supercrest or supertrough.
The sum of atmospheric pressure and gauge pressure.
The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection (Ɵi = Ɵr).
0.5 mm/s.
The rate at which an appliance uses up electrical energy, measured in watts, expressed as P = VI.
0.25 cm.
Longitudinal and mechanical.
Y = Stress / Strain = (F/A) / (∆L/L₀).
The astronaut's weight on the moon would be 1/6 of their weight on Earth.
A force exerted on an object parallel to the surface, opposing sliding.
J = FΔt, where F is force and Δt is the time interval.
By adding the three primary colors of light with the same intensity.
It relates pressure (P), volume (V), temperature (T), amount of substance (n), and the ideal gas constant (R).
The image is reversed and the same size as the object.
The final temperature of the system will be less than 95 °C.
The acceleration in the y-coordinate is due to gravity (ay = g = -9.81 m/s²).
Occurs when the speed of the wave is greater than the speed of the source.
The temperatures will eventually be equal.
Transverse and electromagnetic.
The highness or lowness of sound, determined by frequency.
The rate of change of the magnetic flux.
4.2 m/s.
F_k = F_N * μ_k
The highest or lowest displacement from the wave's equilibrium position.
1,000 kg/m³.
A measure of the resistance of a material to elastic (recoverable) deformation under load.
A stiff material has a high Young's modulus and changes its shape only slightly under elastic loads.
p = hf/c = h/λ, where p is momentum, λ is wavelength, and c is the speed of light.
Measure of energy transfer done when a force causes displacement.
W = F × d
The upward force (tension) is equal to the weight of the apple, and it will remain at rest.
P = ΔW/Δt
36 KJ.
Speed is directly proportional to frequency and wavelength (s = fλ).
Copper loses heat while silver and water absorb heat.
Bodies at rest will remain at rest, and bodies in motion will continue moving at constant speed in a straight line unless acted upon by a net force.
Joule (J)
Current (I), strength of magnetic field (B), and length of the conductor (L).
V = v ∙ B ∙ L.
The boiling temperature inside the pot is higher than 373 K.
F₁/A₁ = F₂/A₂
80 kg mountain climber exerts a force due to gravity.
The rate at which work is done.
Current is proportional to voltage.
Determining the ultimate color appearance of an object by identifying which colors of light are subtracted.
Intensity is related to loudness, which is determined by amplitude.
A region in space where a magnet affects another magnet.
When a conductor moves across a magnetic field or when the magnetic field moves with respect to a stationary conductor.
A flexible material has a low Young's modulus and changes its shape considerably.
It remains at rest or moves in uniform motion in a straight line at constant speed.
The student.
Relative velocity of the conductor and magnetic fields, strength of the magnetic field, and length of the conductor in the field.
