p.7
Nutrition's Role in Child Development
Why should Olestra be used sparingly for children?
It may cause the loss of fat-soluble vitamins due to excretion.
p.2
Principles of Growth and Development
What must happen to neonatal reflexes for development to proceed?
Neonatal reflexes must be lost before purposeful movements can occur.
p.3
Principles of Growth and Development
How do boys and girls differ in growth patterns during adolescence?
Boys tend to be taller and heavier than girls during the ages of 14 to 16 years.
p.5
Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Growth
What impact does socioeconomic status have on children's health?
Children from low socioeconomic families may lack adequate health supervision and nutrition, making them vulnerable to diseases and health issues.
p.3
Health Restoration and Maintenance in Children
What was the impact of insulin therapy on children with type 1 diabetes?
It has minimized the effects of the disease, allowing children to thrive and grow.
p.1
Health Restoration and Maintenance in Children
Why is it important to consider developmental stages when caring for a sick child?
Because children comprehend medical concepts differently at various ages.
p.5
Nutrition's Role in Child Development
What are the consequences of childhood obesity?
Obese children may develop motor skills more slowly, face social challenges, and have a higher susceptibility to health issues due to poor nutrition.
p.6
Nutrition's Role in Child Development
What are some leading causes of death in adults linked to dietary excesses?
Heart disease, cancer, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, cirrhosis, and arteriosclerosis.
p.8
Vitamins and Minerals Essential for Health
What deficiency results from a lack of Vitamin C?
Scurvy, which causes weakness and easy bleeding.
p.9
Vitamins and Minerals Essential for Health
What can result from excess Sodium intake?
Hypertension in genetically determined individuals.
p.4
Principles of Growth and Development
How do adaptable infants react to new situations over time?
They can change their first reaction without extreme distress.
p.4
Principles of Growth and Development
What is distractibility in children?
The ability to easily shift attention to a new situation.
p.8
Nutrition's Role in Child Development
What are some economic reasons families may choose vegetarian diets?
Vegetables and grains are less expensive than animal-based food.
p.9
Vitamins and Minerals Essential for Health
What is the role of Iodine in the body?
Formation of thyroxine and regulation of metabolic rate.
p.3
Health Restoration and Maintenance in Children
What trend is observed regarding type 2 diabetes in children?
Type 2 diabetes is now occurring in children as young as school-age due to rising obesity rates.
p.4
Principles of Growth and Development
What is the significance of the Carey-McDevitt Infant Temperament Questionnaire?
It helps evaluate a child's temperament based on their responses to various situations.
p.1
Factors Influencing Growth and Development
What are two primary factors that influence a child's growth and development?
Genetic inheritance and environmental influences.
p.2
Principles of Growth and Development
What is the sequence of growth and development?
Growth occurs from smaller to larger, and development follows a predictable order.
p.7
Nutrition's Role in Child Development
What are the consequences of excessive sugar intake in children's diets?
It can contribute to dental caries and obesity.
p.5
Factors Influencing Growth and Development
How can environmental factors affect a child's growth?
Environmental factors like inadequate nutrition, chronic illness, or lack of attention can hinder a child's growth, potentially leading to a height less than their genetic potential.
p.7
Nutrition's Role in Child Development
Why are carbohydrates crucial for infants and toddlers?
They supply energy essential for the functioning of body systems, particularly the neurologic system.
p.1
Principles of Growth and Development
What is essential for providing anticipatory guidance in nursing care for children?
Recognizing the predictable stages of growth and development from newborn to young adult.
p.5
Nutrition's Role in Child Development
Why is nutrition critical during a child's growing years?
Nutrition during growing years influences health, stature, and cognitive development; poor nutrition can lead to inadequate physical growth and learning difficulties.
p.3
Temperament and Child Behavior
What is temperament in children?
Temperament is the usual reaction pattern of an individual, including their characteristic manner of thinking, behaving, or reacting to stimuli.
p.8
Vitamins and Minerals Essential for Health
What is the function of Vitamin D?
Regulates absorption of calcium and phosphorus for bone growth.
p.9
Vitamins and Minerals Essential for Health
What is the function of Phosphorus in the body?
Formation of bone and teeth; aids in cell structure and glucose use.
p.2
Principles of Growth and Development
What is the relationship between gross and refined skills in child development?
Development proceeds from gross motor skills to refined motor skills.
p.7
Nutrition's Role in Child Development
What is the importance of educating adolescents about alcohol consumption?
To prevent unhealthy patterns of alcohol use, particularly binge drinking.
p.9
Vitamins and Minerals Essential for Health
What is the function of Zinc in the body?
Formation of eyes, male reproductive organs, insulin, and taste sensation.
p.5
Factors Influencing Growth and Development
What role does ordinal position in the family play in a child's development?
The position of a child in the family can influence their language development and other skills, with only children or first-borns often excelling in language due to more adult interaction.
p.4
Principles of Growth and Development
What characterizes an 'easy child'?
Predictable rhythmicity, adaptability to new situations, and a positive mood quality.
p.8
Nutrition's Role in Child Development
What is a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet?
It includes dairy products, eggs, and plants.
p.6
Nutrition's Role in Child Development
How do dietary habits affect cardiovascular disease?
Arterial changes that cause cardiovascular disease begin in childhood.
p.2
Principles of Growth and Development
What does cephalocaudal development mean?
Development proceeds from head to tail.
p.2
Principles of Growth and Development
Why is there an optimum time for initiating learning experiences?
Children's nervous systems must be mature enough to learn specific tasks.
p.3
Genetic and Environmental Influences
What impact does a genetically transmitted disease have on a child's growth?
It may slow down growth and development compared to healthy children, depending on the illness and available therapy.
p.4
Principles of Growth and Development
What does the threshold of response refer to?
The intensity level of stimulation needed to evoke a reaction.
p.8
Nutrition's Role in Child Development
What health benefits are associated with avoiding animal foods?
It lowers serum cholesterol and reduces the frequency of atherosclerosis and obesity.
p.1
Nutrition's Role in Child Development
What must a 12-year-old child meet in terms of calcium needs when healing from a fracture?
Calcium for healing, maintaining healthy bone cells, and additional calcium for rapid bone growth.
p.3
Temperament and Child Behavior
How do children typically respond to new stimuli?
Some approach new situations calmly, while others may withdraw and react fearfully.
p.6
Nutrition's Role in Child Development
What types of foods are beneficial for gastrointestinal function?
Foods with starch and fiber, such as whole-grain cereals and raw fruits.
p.7
Nutrition's Role in Child Development
What dietary fat intake guideline should be followed for children after the first 2 years of life?
Fat intake can be tailored to meet the guidelines of 30% total intake for both children and adults.
p.7
Nutrition's Role in Child Development
How can parents help prevent a desire for heavily salted foods in infants?
By offering unsalted or lightly salted solid food.
p.2
Principles of Growth and Development
How can children catch up in growth and development after illness?
They are capable of 'catch-up' growth to align with their age group.
p.5
Factors Influencing Growth and Development
How does the parent-child relationship influence a child's development?
A loving parent-child relationship promotes better growth and development, while loss of love or interruption in contact can negatively affect a child's well-being.
p.7
Vitamins and Minerals Essential for Health
What is the difference between macronutrients and micronutrients?
Macronutrients are needed in amounts greater than 100 mg daily, while micronutrients are needed in smaller amounts.
p.8
Nutrition's Role in Child Development
What are the four main types of vegetarian diets?
Lacto-ovo-vegetarian, ovovegetarian, lacto-vegetarian, and vegan.
p.8
Nutrition's Role in Child Development
Why is family education important for vegetarian diets in children?
To ensure that the diet is adequate for growth and includes essential nutrients.
p.6
Healthy Eating Guidelines for Children
What is the purpose of the Food Guide Pyramid?
To illustrate guidelines for a healthy diet.
p.6
Healthy Eating Guidelines for Children
What dietary changes have many adults made in the past 10 years?
Many now consume low-fat diets, substituting nonfat milk for whole milk.
p.2
Principles of Growth and Development
How does development progress from proximal to distal body parts?
Development starts from the center of the body and moves outward to the extremities.
p.5
Temperament and Child Behavior
What are the four temperament categories for children?
1. Difficult: arrhythmic, withdrawing, low in adaptability, intense, negative mood. 2. Slow to warm up: inactive, low in approach and adaptability, negative mood. 3. Intermediate: some characteristics of both groups. 4. Easy: rhythmic, approaching, adaptable, mild, positive mood.
p.7
Nutrition's Role in Child Development
What is the role of protein in a child's diet?
It is essential for growth and is a major component of bones, skin, hair, and muscle.
p.8
Nutrition's Role in Child Development
How can eating lower on the food chain help with world hunger?
It could reduce world hunger by making food more accessible.
p.5
Health Restoration and Maintenance in Children
How can health issues from environmental sources affect children?
Diseases from environmental sources can significantly impact growth and development, as seen in children with residual impairments from illnesses like rheumatic fever.
p.4
Principles of Growth and Development
What defines a 'difficult child'?
Irregular habits, negative mood quality, and withdrawal from new situations.
p.6
Healthy Eating Guidelines for Children
What should a healthy diet for children include?
A variety of foods from all food pyramid groups.
p.6
Nutrition's Role in Child Development
What nutrients are provided by whole milk and other dairy products?
Calcium, phosphorus, complete protein, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin D.
p.2
Principles of Growth and Development
How much does an infant typically grow in weight and height during the first year?
Triples birth weight and increases height by 50%.
p.4
Principles of Growth and Development
What is adaptability in children?
The ability to change one’s reaction to stimuli over time.
p.9
Vitamins and Minerals Essential for Health
What is the primary dietary source of Iron?
Meats, fish, dried fruits, nuts, and fortified cereals.
p.2
Principles of Growth and Development
How do gender-related characteristics influence growth and development?
Girls are typically lighter and shorter at birth, but they experience a growth spurt earlier than boys.
p.4
Principles of Growth and Development
How does mood quality affect parent-child interactions?
Children with a positive mood quality are more enjoyable for parents to spend time with.
p.7
Vitamins and Minerals Essential for Health
What can a deficiency in potassium lead to in children?
Poor heart function and impaired growth.
p.1
Principles of Growth and Development
How do growth and development differ in terms of definition?
Growth refers to an increase in physical size (quantitative change), while development refers to an increase in skill or ability to function (qualitative change).
p.3
Temperament and Child Behavior
What does rhythmicity refer to in children?
It refers to a child's regular rhythm in physiological functions, such as waking and eating patterns.
p.6
Healthy Eating Guidelines for Children
Why is balancing food intake with physical activity important?
To maintain or improve weight and prevent obesity.
p.9
Vitamins and Minerals Essential for Health
What is the role of Potassium in the body?
Essential for electrical conduction in muscle and heart action.
p.4
Principles of Growth and Development
What characterizes children with high intensity of reaction?
They react strongly to situations, often crying loudly or throwing tantrums.
p.9
Vitamins and Minerals Essential for Health
What condition can result from Iron deficiency?
Iron-deficiency anemia, characterized by microcytic and hypochromic red blood cells.
p.9
Vitamins and Minerals Essential for Health
What can result from Zinc deficiency?
Diabetes-like symptoms due to decreased insulin production and poor taste sensation.
p.4
Principles of Growth and Development
What are the three categories of temperament?
Easy child, difficult child, and slow-to-warm-up child.
p.6
Nutrition's Role in Child Development
What disease can result from a lack of vitamins affecting growth?
Rickets, which causes shortening or bowing of long bones.
p.3
Temperament and Child Behavior
What are the two extremes of activity level in children?
Some children are constantly active and rarely quiet, while others move little and are more docile.
p.1
Genetic and Environmental Influences
What is an example of genetic influence on a child's development?
Temperament, or the typical way a child reacts to situations.
p.4
Principles of Growth and Development
How does attention span vary among children?
Some children can focus on one toy for an hour, while others may switch toys every few minutes.
p.7
Vitamins and Minerals Essential for Health
What are fat-soluble vitamins and why are they important?
They are essential for metabolic actions and are mainly supplied by fortified dairy products and oils.
p.8
Nutrition's Role in Child Development
What is a potential risk of consuming red meat?
It may increase the likelihood of developing colon cancer.
p.3
Principles of Growth and Development
Do children with high intelligence grow faster physically than others?
No, they do not generally grow faster physically but may advance faster in skills.
p.1
Principles of Growth and Development
What happens to lymphoid tissue during infancy and childhood?
It grows rapidly to protect children against infection.
p.1
Nutrition's Role in Child Development
What is the significance of a child's nutrition starting from breastfeeding?
It is crucial for their overall growth and development.
