p.9
Monitoring and Administration of Antibiotics
What should be monitored in patients taking antibiotics?
Intake and output (I&O), BUN/creatinine levels.
p.8
Allergic Reactions to Antibiotics
What are known issues with Penicillin?
Resistance, allergic reactions, and cross-hypersensitivity with cephalosporins.
p.6
Monitoring and Administration of Antibiotics
What precautions should be taken when using cefazolin in patients with kidney disease?
Use with caution as effects may be increased due to slower removal from the body.
p.8
Patient Education and Safety Measures
What precautions should clients take regarding sun exposure?
Avoid sun exposure and wear protective clothing outdoors.
p.8
Specific Antibiotic Uses and Complications
What are some common uses of Penicillin?
Otitis media, meningitis, sore throat, pneumonia, septicemia, peritonitis, gonorrhea, and UTIs.
p.6
Specific Antibiotic Uses and Complications
What conditions may be worsened by cefazolin?
Severe kidney disease, severe liver disease, undernourished conditions, stomach or bowel disease, and history of seizures.
p.3
Common Side Effects of Antibiotics
What are the characteristics of Type A drug reactions?
Dose-dependent, frequent, predictable, explained by pharmacologic drug effect.
p.1
Importance of Completing Antibiotic Courses
Why is it important to complete the entire course of antibiotics?
To ensure complete elimination of bacteria and prevent antibiotic resistance.
p.1
Specific Antibiotic Uses and Complications
Why should Doxycycline not be given to children or pregnant women?
It can cause discoloration of teeth and bones.
p.10
Monitoring and Administration of Antibiotics
How can Red Man Syndrome be prevented or treated?
By slowing the infusion rate and administering vancomycin over at least one hour.
p.10
Patient Education and Safety Measures
What should patients report while on nephrotoxic or ototoxic medications?
Ringing in the ears or hearing loss.
p.5
Specific Antibiotic Uses and Complications
What is the function of bacteriostatic antibiotics?
They prevent bacteria from multiplying.
p.6
Common Side Effects of Antibiotics
What are some adverse effects of ciprofloxacin?
Tendon rupture, seizures, dizziness, confusion, and photosensitivity.
p.4
Monitoring and Administration of Antibiotics
What baseline assessments are required before administering antibiotics?
Baseline vitals, hearing test, and kidney function.
p.4
Importance of Completing Antibiotic Courses
What is the consequence of not completing the entire course of antibiotics?
Increased risk of treatment failure and antibiotic resistance.
p.1
Ototoxicity and Nephrotoxicity of Antibiotics
What is a key precaution to take when using nephrotoxic antibiotics?
Increase fluid intake to help flush the kidneys.
p.3
Common Side Effects of Antibiotics
Give an example of a Type E drug reaction.
Withdrawal effects of drugs like opioids or antiepileptics.
p.10
Patient Education and Safety Measures
What is the recommended fluid intake for patients on nephrotoxic or ototoxic drugs?
Drink 2 liters of fluids per day.
p.8
Common Side Effects of Antibiotics
What are some complications associated with Penicillin?
Gastrointestinal issues (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), nephrotoxicity, and photosensitivity.
p.5
Specific Antibiotic Uses and Complications
What are some contraindications for antibiotic use?
Allergy to cephalosporins or penicillin, liver impairment, kidney impairment.
p.5
Monitoring and Administration of Antibiotics
What interventions should be monitored during antibiotic treatment?
Intake and output (I&O) and BUN/Creatinine levels.
p.4
Patient Education and Safety Measures
What should clients report while taking antibiotics?
Tinnitus, hearing loss, hematuria, or cloudy urine.
p.4
Specific Antibiotic Uses and Complications
What are the therapeutic uses of Cephalexin?
Treatment of bacterial infections, including streptococcus, middle ear infections, tonsillitis, and respiratory infections.
p.3
Common Side Effects of Antibiotics
What are the characteristics of Type E drug reactions?
Time-dependent, rare, relapse after stopping therapy.
p.7
Patient Education and Safety Measures
What are some contraindications for using Ciprofloxacin?
Allergy, pregnancy/lactation, renal dysfunction.
p.7
Monitoring and Administration of Antibiotics
How should IV Ciprofloxacin be administered?
Diluted slowly over 60 minutes in a large vein.
p.10
Drug Interactions with Antibiotics
What interactions should be considered with aspirin?
Oral contraceptives and any nephrotoxic or ototoxic drugs.
p.5
Drug Interactions with Antibiotics
Which medications can interact with antibiotics?
Aminoglycosides, oral anticoagulants, alcohol, oral contraceptives.
p.4
Monitoring and Administration of Antibiotics
What should be monitored as part of interventions during antibiotic administration?
Tinnitus, hearing loss, dizziness, intake and output, and BUN/Creatinine levels.
p.3
Common Side Effects of Antibiotics
Give an example of a Type A drug reaction.
Bleeding after anticoagulants or hypoglycemia from insulin.
p.3
Specific Antibiotic Uses and Complications
Describe Type D drug reactions.
Time-dependent, very rare.
p.3
Specific Antibiotic Uses and Complications
What are some contraindications for using Gentamicin?
Allergy, liver disease, kidney disease, and hearing loss.
p.10
Monitoring and Administration of Antibiotics
What should be monitored during medication administration?
Peak/trough levels, hearing loss/tinnitus, Red Man syndrome, I&O, BUN, and creatinine.
p.6
Patient Education and Safety Measures
How much fluid should be consumed daily while on antibiotics?
2 liters of fluid per day.
p.2
Common Side Effects of Antibiotics
What side effect is associated with Tetracyclines?
Photosensitivity and teeth stains.
p.9
Drug Interactions with Antibiotics
What are some drug interactions to be aware of with antibiotics?
Tetracyclines, parenteral aminoglycosides, and oral contraceptives.
p.4
Common Side Effects of Antibiotics
What are the adverse effects associated with high doses of certain antibiotics?
Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and NMJ blockade.
p.3
Specific Antibiotic Uses and Complications
What defines Type C drug reactions?
Dose and time-dependent, rare, associated with long-term exposure.
p.3
Specific Antibiotic Uses and Complications
What is the therapeutic use of Gentamicin?
Treats serious infections and is bactericidal towards gram-negative bacteria.
p.10
Monitoring and Administration of Antibiotics
What are the symptoms of Red Man Syndrome?
Flushing of the face/neck, pruritus, hypotension.
p.8
Importance of Completing Antibiotic Courses
Why is it important to take the full course of antibiotics?
To ensure the infection is fully treated and to prevent resistance.
p.6
Allergic Reactions to Antibiotics
Who should avoid taking cefazolin?
Patients with a history of immediate hypersensitivity reactions to cefazolin, cephalosporins, penicillins, or other beta-lactams.
p.9
Patient Education and Safety Measures
What is the recommended fluid intake for patients on antibiotics?
2 liters of fluids per day.
p.2
Monitoring and Administration of Antibiotics
What is the trough level of a drug?
The lowest amount of drug in the bloodstream, taken immediately prior to the next dose.
p.1
Ototoxicity and Nephrotoxicity of Antibiotics
What should be monitored to evaluate kidney function in patients taking nephrotoxic antibiotics?
BUN and creatinine levels, along with intake and output (I&O).
p.8
Specific Antibiotic Uses and Complications
What is the therapeutic use of Penicillin?
For severe bacterial infections.
p.3
Allergic Reactions to Antibiotics
Provide an example of a Type B drug reaction.
Urticaria from aspirin or exanthema from antibiotics.
p.1
Photosensitivity and Patient Precautions
What precaution should be taken due to photosensitivity caused by some antibiotics?
Wear sunscreen and protective clothing when outdoors.
p.10
Monitoring and Administration of Antibiotics
What baseline assessments should be done before administering certain medications?
Baseline vital signs and baseline kidney function.
p.6
Importance of Completing Antibiotic Courses
Why is it important to complete the entire course of antibiotics?
To ensure the infection is fully treated and to prevent resistance.
p.5
Specific Antibiotic Uses and Complications
What are common complications of antibiotic use?
GI issues like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; nephrotoxicity requiring monitoring of BUN/Creatinine.
p.5
Monitoring and Administration of Antibiotics
What should be assessed before administering antibiotics?
Allergy history (including penicillin), baseline vitals, and baseline kidney function (BUN/Creatinine).
p.2
Common Side Effects of Antibiotics
What skin discoloration can Clofazimine cause?
Brown-Pink Skin Discoloration.
p.4
Patient Education and Safety Measures
How much fluid should clients drink daily while on antibiotics?
2 liters of fluids per day.
p.4
Differences Between Antibiotic Classes
What type of antibiotic is Cephalexin?
A cephalosporin antibiotic.
p.3
Specific Antibiotic Uses and Complications
What is an example of a Type D drug reaction?
Kidney disease from long-term analgesics or NSAIDs.
p.3
Drug Interactions with Antibiotics
What drug interactions should be considered with Gentamicin?
PCN, diuretics, cephalosporins, and oral contraceptives.
p.7
Monitoring and Administration of Antibiotics
What baseline assessments are necessary before administering Ciprofloxacin?
Baseline vitals and baseline kidney function.
p.6
Patient Education and Safety Measures
What should be done before taking oral antibiotics like cefazolin?
Take with food and store in the refrigerator, shaking before use.
p.9
Allergic Reactions to Antibiotics
What is a contraindication for using certain antibiotics?
Allergy to PCN/cephalosporins due to cross-sensitivity.
p.6
Specific Antibiotic Uses and Complications
What is a significant complication associated with ciprofloxacin?
Tendon rupture and superinfection.
p.3
Specific Antibiotic Uses and Complications
What is an example of a Type C drug reaction?
Cushing syndrome from cortisone.
p.3
Specific Antibiotic Uses and Complications
What are the complications associated with Gentamicin?
Ototoxicity (presents as tinnitus) and nephrotoxicity (check BUN/Creatinine).
p.8
Patient Education and Safety Measures
What should clients report while on antibiotics?
Any tendon pain or swelling.
p.9
Patient Education and Safety Measures
What should patients be taught regarding allergic reactions?
Signs of allergic reaction.
p.9
Patient Education and Safety Measures
What is a crucial instruction regarding the use of contraceptives while on antibiotics?
Use a second form of contraceptive.
p.2
Monitoring and Administration of Antibiotics
What is the peak level of a drug?
The highest amount of drug in the bloodstream, taken 30 minutes after administration.
p.1
Common Side Effects of Antibiotics
What type of infections can antibiotics cause as a side effect?
Opportunistic infections, such as C. difficile infections, which present as diarrhea and yeast infections.
p.1
Specific Antibiotic Uses and Complications
What is Redman syndrome and how should it be managed?
A reaction to Vancomycin that requires the infusion to be slowed down.
p.7
Drug Interactions with Antibiotics
Which medications should be avoided when using Ciprofloxacin?
Aspirin, Albuterol, Ibuprofen, Prednisone, Tramadol, Metformin, Theophylline, Tizanidine, Warfarin and other anticoagulants, Didanosine powder or chewable tablets, vitamins and supplements with calcium, iron, zinc, and magnesium, antacids with aluminum, calcium, and magnesium.
p.7
Patient Education and Safety Measures
What nursing interventions should be monitored while a patient is on Ciprofloxacin?
Observe for pain, swelling, and redness of tendons; monitor BUN/creatinine; monitor for diarrhea or fungal infections.
p.6
Specific Antibiotic Uses and Complications
What is the therapeutic use of ciprofloxacin?
To treat gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial infections.
p.2
Common Side Effects of Antibiotics
What lung effects can Nitrofurantoin cause?
Lung effects and brown urine.
p.9
Specific Antibiotic Uses and Complications
What are some complications associated with Vancomycin?
Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and infusion reactions (red man syndrome).
p.1
Common Side Effects of Antibiotics
What is a common side effect of antibiotics that affects the ears?
Ototoxicity, which can cause tinnitus.
p.1
Common Side Effects of Antibiotics
What gastrointestinal side effect can occur with antibiotics?
GI upset, which can be alleviated by taking antibiotics with food.
p.1
Differences Between Antibiotic Classes
What is a common characteristic of Penicillin and Cephalosporins?
Patients allergic to Penicillin are often allergic to Cephalosporins due to cross-sensitivity.
p.4
Specific Antibiotic Uses and Complications
What types of infections does Keflex treat?
Bacterial infections, streptococcus infections, middle ear infections, tonsillitis, and lower and upper respiratory infections.
p.1
Specific Antibiotic Uses and Complications
What is a significant risk associated with Ciprofloxacin?
It can cause tendon rupture.
p.3
Allergic Reactions to Antibiotics
What are the characteristics of Type B drug reactions?
Dose-independent, rare, unpredictable, not explained by pharmacologic drug effect.
p.1
Allergic Reactions to Antibiotics
What are signs of an allergic reaction to antibiotics?
Urticaria (hives), pruritus (itching), and respiratory symptoms like shortness of breath.
p.1
Monitoring and Administration of Antibiotics
What monitoring is required for Gentamicin due to its toxicity?
Peaks and troughs must be monitored.
