p.5
Chemical Structure of Fatty Acids
What elements do lipids contain?
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
p.23
Functions of Lipids in the Body
Name some types of eicosanoids.
Prostaglandins, prostacyclins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, lipoxins.
p.40
Chemical Structure of Fatty Acids
What is the nature of the fatty acid tail in phospholipids?
The fatty acid tail is hydrophobic.
p.10
Food Sources of Lipids
Which foods are sources of long-chain fatty acids?
Beef, pork, lamb, and most plant oils.
p.34
Functions of Lipids in the Body
What is a key characteristic of triglycerides?
They are calorie dense, delivering more energy.
p.83
Health Implications of Fat Intake
What type of diets increase the risk of cardiovascular disease?
High fat diets, especially those rich in saturated and trans fats.
p.25
Food Sources of Lipids
Which foods contain little or no fat?
Fat-free milk, yogurt, breakfast cereal, and yeast breads.
p.12
Classification of Fatty Acids
What characterizes a saturated fatty acid?
All bonds between the carbons are single and filled with hydrogens.
p.51
Food Sources of Lipids
What is ergostanol?
The active form of vitamin D.
p.58
Food Sources of Lipids
What are some food sources of omega-3 fatty acids?
Walnuts, flaxseed, chia seeds, canola oil, and soybean oil.
p.27
Food Sources of Lipids
Why is olive oil referred to as a monounsaturated fat?
Because it mainly contains monounsaturated fats.
p.20
Classification of Fatty Acids
What does the Omega system indicate?
The location of the first double bond closest to the methyl end.
p.83
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
How do symptoms of cardiovascular disease develop?
Symptoms develop over several years.
p.52
Recommended Fat Intake
What is the recommendation for saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol intake?
They should be kept as low as possible.
p.32
Functions of Lipids in the Body
What is one essential function of triglycerides for optimal health?
They serve as a concentrated source of energy.
p.20
Classification of Fatty Acids
What does the Delta system indicate?
The location of the first double bond closest to the carboxyl end.
p.44
Functions of Lipids in the Body
How do lecithin in egg yolks contribute to cooking?
They suspend fat in muffin batter.
p.44
Functions of Lipids in the Body
What do phospholipids in egg yolks and mustard do?
They emulsify oil in vinegar to make mayonnaise.
p.1
Presentation Materials
Where can figures and tables be found?
In separate PowerPoint slides.
p.11
Classification of Fatty Acids
What are the three types of fatty acids based on the number of double bonds?
Saturated, Monounsaturated, and Polyunsaturated.
p.7
Chemical Structure of Fatty Acids
What does re-esterification refer to?
The process of reattaching a fatty acid to glycerol.
p.73
Transport of Lipids in the Blood
What enzyme causes IDLs to lose more triglycerides?
Hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL).
p.79
Health Implications of Fat Intake
What is a health concern related to high polyunsaturated fat intake?
It increases the amount of cholesterol deposited in arteries.
p.5
Classification of Fatty Acids
What are the main types of lipids?
Triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols.
p.25
Food Sources of Lipids
What are the primary sources of triglycerides in food?
Animal fat and vegetable fat.
p.83
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
What is the major killer in North America?
Cardiovascular disease (CVD).
p.12
Classification of Fatty Acids
What is a monounsaturated fatty acid?
A fatty acid with one double bond in the chain, missing 2 hydrogens.
p.21
Classification of Fatty Acids
What are essential fatty acids?
Fatty acids that cannot be made in the body.
p.27
Food Sources of Lipids
What type of fats does olive oil contain?
Saturated fats, monounsaturated fats, and polyunsaturated fats.
p.69
Transport of Lipids in the Blood
How do apolipoproteins assist in lipid metabolism?
They turn on lipid transfer enzymes.
p.9
Chemical Structure of Fatty Acids
What can vary in the carbon chains of fatty acids?
The number of carbons, extent of saturation with hydrogen, and shape.
p.38
Functions of Lipids in the Body
How do essential fatty acids affect cell membranes?
They keep cell membranes fluid and flexible.
p.32
Functions of Lipids in the Body
How do triglycerides protect the body?
They insulate and cushion organs.
p.73
Transport of Lipids in the Blood
What do IDLs become after losing triglycerides?
Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs).
p.23
Functions of Lipids in the Body
What are eicosanoids?
Hormone-like compounds made from fatty acids.
p.36
Functions of Lipids in the Body
What is one function of subcutaneous fat?
Helps keep the body at a constant temperature.
p.51
Food Sources of Lipids
What do plants produce in relation to sterols?
Plants make sterols, stanols, and sitostanols.
p.69
Transport of Lipids in the Blood
What are chylomicrons used for in the body?
Transporting dietary lipids.
p.82
Health Implications of Fat Intake
What health risk is associated with diets high in total fat?
Increased risk of obesity.
p.7
Chemical Structure of Fatty Acids
What is a diglyceride?
A triglyceride that has lost one fatty acid.
p.38
Functions of Lipids in the Body
What are essential fatty acids important for in cells?
They are important structural components of cells.
p.73
Transport of Lipids in the Blood
What are created as triglycerides leave VLDLs?
Intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDLs).
p.75
Transport of Lipids in the Blood
What is the scavenger pathway for cholesterol uptake?
It collects and degrades extra LDL in the blood.
p.32
Functions of Lipids in the Body
What role do triglycerides play in nutrient transport?
They help transport nutrients.
p.62
Digestion and Absorption of Lipids
What determines where fatty acids are absorbed?
The carbon chain length of the fatty acids.
p.78
Chemical Structure of Fatty Acids
What is the composition of HDLs compared to other lipoproteins?
HDLs have the highest proportion of protein.
p.78
Functions of Lipids in the Body
Where are HDLs produced?
In the liver and intestine.
p.25
Food Sources of Lipids
What types of foods are low in fat?
Coconuts, avocados, fruits, and vegetables.
p.16
Chemical Structure of Fatty Acids
How are hydrogens arranged in unsaturated cis fatty acids?
On the same side of the carbon chain.
p.51
Health Implications of Fat Intake
How can beta sitostanol affect cholesterol levels?
It can help reduce absorption of bile and cholesterol.
p.39
Functions of Lipids in the Body
What are eicosanoids derived from omega-6 fatty acids known to influence?
They influence blood vessels to constrict and raise blood pressure.
p.69
Transport of Lipids in the Blood
What role do apolipoproteins play in receptor binding?
They assist in binding a lipoprotein to a receptor.
p.57
Food Sources of Lipids
What are common sources of saturated fats?
Dairy, beef, chicken, mayonnaise, and margarine.
p.38
Functions of Lipids in the Body
Why is DHA important throughout life?
For regulation of nerve transmission and communication.
p.75
Health Implications of Fat Intake
What happens to macrophages when cholesterol builds up in them?
Cholesterol builds up in macrophages and kills them.
p.79
Health Implications of Fat Intake
What is a potential risk of excessive omega-3 fatty acid intake?
It may impair the immune system.
p.92
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
What cognitive symptoms may indicate a stroke?
Confusion and/or trouble speaking or understanding.
p.72
Transport of Lipids in the Blood
What is the primary function of VLDLs?
To transport lipids from the liver into the bloodstream.
p.81
Health Implications of Fat Intake
How do trans fats affect blood cholesterol levels?
They raise blood cholesterol levels.
p.56
Health Implications of Fat Intake
How does essential fatty acid deficiency affect growth?
It can cause slowed growth.
p.25
Food Sources of Lipids
Do most foods provide triglycerides?
Yes, most foods provide some triglycerides.
p.47
Chemical Structure of Fatty Acids
How are the carbon atoms arranged in sterols?
In multi-ringed structures.
p.20
Classification of Fatty Acids
What are the two systems used for naming fatty acids based on?
The number of carbons and the location of double bonds.
p.34
Functions of Lipids in the Body
How much can triglycerides expand?
2 to 3 times their normal size.
p.37
Digestion and Absorption of Lipids
What role do dietary fats play in vitamin absorption?
They carry fat-soluble vitamins to the small intestine and aid in their absorption.
p.37
Transport of Lipids in the Blood
How are fat-soluble vitamins transported in the body?
They are transported in the bloodstream with dietary fats.
p.16
Chemical Structure of Fatty Acids
How are hydrogens arranged in trans fats?
On opposite sides of the carbon chain.
p.12
Classification of Fatty Acids
What defines a polyunsaturated fatty acid?
A fatty acid with at least 2 double bonds in the chain, missing hydrogens at these double bonds.
p.85
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
What happens to arteries as atherosclerotic plaque develops?
They harden, narrow, and become less elastic.
p.51
Food Sources of Lipids
What is beta sitostanol used for?
It is added to some margarine.
p.16
Food Sources of Lipids
What are common sources of oils that contain unsaturated fatty acids?
Oils from nuts and seeds.
p.70
Transport of Lipids in the Blood
What is the role of chylomicrons in the body?
To transport nutrients to body tissues.
p.86
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
How does genetics influence the risk of cardiovascular disease?
Having a close relative who died prematurely of CVD increases risk.
p.86
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
Which racial or ethnic groups are considered at higher risk for cardiovascular disease?
African, Hispanic/Latino, Native American, native Hawaiian, and some Asian groups.
p.9
Chemical Structure of Fatty Acids
What is the basic structure of a fatty acid?
Long chains of carbon atoms linked together, surrounded by hydrogen atoms.
p.68
Transport of Lipids in the Blood
What are chylomicrons?
Lipid transport particles that carry dietary lipids in the body.
p.82
Health Implications of Fat Intake
Which types of cancer are linked to high total fat diets?
Colon, prostate, and breast cancers.
p.68
Transport of Lipids in the Blood
What do chylomicrons contain?
Dietary triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids.
p.7
Chemical Structure of Fatty Acids
What is a monoglyceride?
A triglyceride that has lost two fatty acids.
p.39
Functions of Lipids in the Body
What effect do eicosanoids from omega-3 fatty acids have on blood vessels?
They dilate blood vessels and decrease blood pressure.
p.52
Recommended Fat Intake
Is there a Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for fat?
No, there is no RDA for fat.
p.70
Transport of Lipids in the Blood
Where do chylomicrons enter the bloodstream?
At the left subclavian vein.
p.69
Transport of Lipids in the Blood
What is an apolipoprotein?
A protein found in the shell of lipoproteins that plays a role in lipid transport.
p.9
Chemical Structure of Fatty Acids
What functional groups are present in free fatty acids?
A carboxyl group on one end and a methyl group on the other.
p.57
Recommended Fat Intake
Which types of fats are consumed too little by many North Americans?
Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats.
p.68
Transport of Lipids in the Blood
What is the shell of chylomicrons made of?
Phospholipids, cholesterol, and protein.
p.3
Recommended Fat Intake
What strategies can be used to modify fat intake?
Identify strategies for modifying total fat, saturated fat, and trans fat intake.
p.56
Health Implications of Fat Intake
What can a deficiency in essential fatty acids cause?
Diarrhea, slowed growth, delayed healing of wounds and infections, flaky, itchy skin.
p.2
Chemical Structure of Fatty Acids
What is the basic chemical structure of fatty acids?
Fatty acids consist of a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end.
p.90
Preventive Measures for Cardiovascular Health
What lifestyle change is recommended to help prevent cardiovascular disease?
Increase physical activity.
p.80
Health Implications of Fat Intake
How can rancid fats damage cells?
By containing peroxides and aldehydes.
p.60
Digestion and Absorption of Lipids
What triggers the release of cholecystokinin in the small intestine?
Fat in the small intestine.
p.92
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
What mobility symptoms are associated with a stroke?
Trouble walking, dizziness, and/or loss of balance or coordination.
p.55
Recommended Fat Intake
What is the maximum percentage of calories from fat in the Mediterranean Diet?
Up to 40%, primarily from monounsaturated fats.
p.10
Classification of Fatty Acids
What defines short-chain fatty acids?
Fatty acids with fewer than 6 carbons.
p.64
Transport of Lipids in the Blood
What is the significance of cholesterol in lipoproteins?
It is part of the shell that helps stabilize the structure.
p.6
Chemical Structure of Fatty Acids
What are free fatty acids?
Fatty acids that are released from glycerol during hydrolysis.
p.52
Recommended Fat Intake
What is the Adequate Intake (AI) for fat in infants?
Specific values not provided, but there is an AI for infants.
p.71
Transport of Lipids in the Blood
What is the role of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in lipid transport?
It hydrolyzes triglycerides from chylomicrons.
p.90
Preventive Measures for Cardiovascular Health
What is important to maintain for cardiovascular health?
Keep body weight at a healthy level.
p.87
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
What is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease related to total blood cholesterol levels?
Total blood cholesterol levels over 200 mg/dl.
p.5
Chemical Structure of Fatty Acids
Do lipids dissolve in water?
No, they do not dissolve in water.
p.71
Transport of Lipids in the Blood
What happens to free fatty acids after being hydrolyzed from chylomicrons?
They are taken up by cells, repackaged into triglycerides, and used for energy or stored.
p.40
Chemical Structure of Fatty Acids
How do phospholipids behave when placed in water?
The phosphate head faces water while the fatty acid tail extends away from it.
p.84
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
What types of infections can contribute to the development of CVD?
Viral and bacterial infections.
p.2
Functions of Lipids in the Body
What role do phospholipids play in the body?
Phospholipids are essential for forming cell membranes and facilitating cell signaling.
p.84
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
What condition involving blood vessels can lead to CVD?
Blood-vessel inflammation.
p.78
Transport of Lipids in the Blood
What do HDLs do with cholesterol they pick up?
They donate cholesterol to other lipoproteins and transport it back to the liver.
p.81
Recommended Fat Intake
What are some substitutes for trans fats at home?
Vegetable oils, softer tub or squeeze margarine, applesauce, or fruit purees.
p.87
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
What diseases affecting organs are considered modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease?
Liver and kidney disease.
p.3
Recommended Fat Intake
What is the recommended intake of lipids?
Discuss the recommended intake of lipids.
p.68
Digestion and Absorption of Lipids
Where are dietary triglycerides reformed?
In the absorptive cells of the intestine.
p.75
Transport of Lipids in the Blood
What role do macrophages play in LDL removal?
Macrophages detect, engulf, and digest LDL.
p.62
Digestion and Absorption of Lipids
Where does fat absorption occur in the body?
At the brush border of the absorptive cells.
p.72
Transport of Lipids in the Blood
How does the liver prepare cholesterol and triglycerides for transport?
By coating them with a shell of protein and lipids.
p.49
Functions of Lipids in the Body
What active form does cholesterol help produce?
Active form of vitamin D.
p.3
Preventive Measures for Cardiovascular Health
What dietary measures can reduce cardiovascular disease risk?
Describe dietary measures to reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
p.74
Transport of Lipids in the Blood
What happens to LDL once it enters the cell?
It is broken down into cholesterol and protein.
p.6
Chemical Structure of Fatty Acids
What occurs when fatty acids bond to glycerol?
A molecule of water is released.
p.80
Health Implications of Fat Intake
How do manufacturers seal foods to prevent rancidity?
By sealing them in airtight packages.
p.74
Health Implications of Fat Intake
What role do antioxidants play in relation to LDL?
Antioxidants can help prevent the oxidation of LDL.
p.42
Functions of Lipids in the Body
What is the emulsifying function of phospholipids?
They form a shell around fat droplets and suspend them in watery solutions.
p.69
Transport of Lipids in the Blood
In addition to binding, what other function do apolipoproteins serve?
They assist enzymes involved in lipid metabolism.
p.3
Digestion and Absorption of Lipids
What processes are involved in the handling of lipids in the body?
Summarize the digestion, absorption, and transport of lipids in the body.
p.92
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
What is a common symptom of a stroke related to limbs?
Numbness or weakness of the face, arm, or leg.
p.10
Classification of Fatty Acids
What defines long-chain fatty acids?
Fatty acids with 12 or more carbons.
p.81
Health Implications of Fat Intake
What health risk is associated with diets high in trans fat?
Increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
p.31
Food Sources of Lipids
What is the purpose of fat replacements in food?
To lower fat content by replacing fat with other ingredients.
p.62
Digestion and Absorption of Lipids
Which fatty acids are absorbed into the cardiovascular system?
Short-chain and medium-chain fatty acids.
p.64
Transport of Lipids in the Blood
What are the types of lipoproteins involved in lipid transport?
Chylomicrons, Very-low-density lipoproteins, Intermediate-density lipoproteins, Low-density lipoproteins, High-density lipoproteins.
p.61
Digestion and Absorption of Lipids
How does bile affect the surface area of fat?
It increases the surface area.
p.2
Functions of Lipids in the Body
What are the functions of triglycerides in the body?
Triglycerides store energy, provide insulation, and protect organs.
p.49
Functions of Lipids in the Body
How does cholesterol contribute to cell structure?
It is a component of cell membranes.
p.55
Food Sources of Lipids
What types of foods are abundant in the Mediterranean Diet?
Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans, nuts, and seeds.
p.55
Food Sources of Lipids
What type of foods does the Mediterranean Diet emphasize?
Minimally processed and seasonal, local foods.
p.91
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
What type of pain might be experienced in the jaw, neck, or shoulder during a heart attack?
Jaw, neck, shoulder pain.
p.84
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
What is the initial step in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD)?
Starts with a damaged blood vessel.
p.38
Functions of Lipids in the Body
What is DHA needed for during fetal life and infancy?
Normal development and function of the retina and maturation of the nervous system.
p.40
Chemical Structure of Fatty Acids
What property of the phosphate head of phospholipids allows them to function in watery solutions?
The phosphate head is hydrophilic.
p.3
Health Implications of Fat Intake
How are dietary lipids related to chronic diseases?
Explain the relationship of dietary lipids to chronic diseases.
p.74
Transport of Lipids in the Blood
What is the role of the B-100 receptor in LDL removal?
It removes LDL from the blood by binding to cells with LDL receptors.
p.29
Food Sources of Lipids
What are hidden fats?
Fats that are not visible in foods but are present in various items.
p.90
Preventive Measures for Cardiovascular Health
What types of foods should be included in the diet for cardiovascular health?
Fruits, vegetables, nuts, and plant oils.
p.42
Chemical Structure of Fatty Acids
What is a primary function of phospholipids in cells?
They are a component of the cell membrane.
p.87
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
What blood triglyceride level is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
Blood triglyceride levels over 150 mg/dl.
p.74
Transport of Lipids in the Blood
What is the consequence of the B-100 receptor stopping LDL uptake?
The concentration of LDL increases in the blood.
p.42
Chemical Structure of Fatty Acids
How do phospholipids contribute to cell integrity?
They corral the cell's contents.
p.80
Health Implications of Fat Intake
What can be added to foods to prevent rancidity?
Antioxidants or other additives.
p.57
Food Sources of Lipids
What are common sources of trans fats?
Margarine and baked goods.
p.40
Chemical Structure of Fatty Acids
What is the main structural difference between phospholipids and triglycerides?
In phospholipids, one fatty acid is replaced with a phosphate compound.
p.72
Transport of Lipids in the Blood
What are Very-Low-Density Lipoproteins (VLDLs)?
Lipoproteins that transport lipids made by the body into the bloodstream.
p.49
Functions of Lipids in the Body
What is one function of cholesterol in the body?
It is used to make sex hormones.
p.6
Chemical Structure of Fatty Acids
What are triglycerides composed of?
3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone.
p.75
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
What occurs as cholesterol-filled macrophages accumulate?
They build up on the inner blood vessel walls, leading to plaque development.
p.18
Chemical Structure of Fatty Acids
What effect does hydrogenation have on the chain of unsaturated fats?
It makes the chain more saturated.
p.6
Chemical Structure of Fatty Acids
Can the fatty acids in triglycerides be the same or different?
Yes, they can be the same or different.
p.2
Chemical Structure of Fatty Acids
How are fatty acids named?
Fatty acids are named based on the length of their carbon chain and the number of double bonds present.
p.84
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
What type of cholesterol is considered a risk factor for CVD?
LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein).
p.80
Health Implications of Fat Intake
Why are double bonds of polyunsaturated fats easily destroyed?
Because they are susceptible to oxidation.
p.60
Digestion and Absorption of Lipids
What does cholecystokinin cause the release of?
Bile and colipase from the pancreas.
p.50
Food Sources of Lipids
Can cholesterol be synthesized in the body?
Yes, it can be synthesized in the body.
p.49
Functions of Lipids in the Body
What is the role of cholesterol in chylomicrons?
It forms the shell covering chylomicrons.
p.42
Chemical Structure of Fatty Acids
What role do phospholipids play in substance movement?
They regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
p.55
Recommended Fat Intake
What does the Mediterranean Diet suggest about egg and meat consumption?
Limit intake of eggs and meat.
p.39
Functions of Lipids in the Body
What are the regulatory functions of eicosanoids?
They have several regulatory functions including influencing blood pressure.
p.72
Transport of Lipids in the Blood
What does the liver use to make fat and cholesterol?
Carbohydrates, protein, and free fatty acids.
p.79
Health Implications of Fat Intake
How can high polyunsaturated fat intake affect the immune system?
It may impair the immune system.
p.32
Health Implications of Fat Intake
What health issues can arise from high intakes of certain fats?
High intakes of saturated and trans fats can cause health issues.
p.78
Functions of Lipids in the Body
What is the primary function of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) in the bloodstream?
To remove cholesterol from dying cells and transport it back to the liver for excretion.
p.87
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
What LDL cholesterol level is considered a modifiable risk factor for CVD?
LDL levels above 160 mg/dl.
p.56
Health Implications of Fat Intake
What effect does essential fatty acid deficiency have on wound healing?
It can delay healing of wounds and infections.
p.42
Chemical Structure of Fatty Acids
What structure do phospholipids form in the cell membrane?
A double-layered outer covering.
p.74
Health Implications of Fat Intake
How can LDL be affected by free radicals?
LDL can be oxidized by free radicals.
p.2
Food Sources of Lipids
What foods are rich in sterols?
Foods rich in sterols include nuts, seeds, and whole grains.
p.79
Health Implications of Fat Intake
What serious condition can excessive omega-3 fatty acid intake lead to?
It can allow uncontrolled bleeding.
p.91
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
What is a common symptom of a heart attack related to chest discomfort?
Intense, prolonged chest pain or pressure, sometimes radiating to other parts of the upper body.
p.62
Digestion and Absorption of Lipids
What happens to long-chain fatty acids after absorption?
They are re-esterified into triglycerides.
p.61
Digestion and Absorption of Lipids
What are the products of triglyceride breakdown by pancreatic lipase?
Free fatty acids and monoglycerides.
p.31
Food Sources of Lipids
What are some fiber-based fat replacements?
Maltrin®, Stellar, Oatrim.
p.2
Food Sources of Lipids
What are common food sources of phospholipids?
Common sources include egg yolks, soybeans, and sunflower seeds.
p.55
Food Sources of Lipids
How often should fish be consumed in the Mediterranean Diet?
Low to moderate intake weekly.
p.75
Health Implications of Fat Intake
What dietary factors encourage the development of atherosclerosis?
Diets rich in saturated fats, trans fats, and cholesterol.
p.64
Transport of Lipids in the Blood
What is the composition of lipoproteins?
A core of lipids covered with a shell of proteins, phospholipids, and cholesterol.
p.6
Chemical Structure of Fatty Acids
What is hydrolysis in the context of triglycerides?
The reaction that releases fatty acids from glycerol.
p.29
Food Sources of Lipids
How can consumers identify hidden fats in foods?
By checking the Nutrition Facts label.
p.42
Functions of Lipids in the Body
Why are phospholipids essential for fat digestion?
They are crucial for fat digestion and transportation.
p.74
Transport of Lipids in the Blood
What occurs when free cholesterol saturates a cell?
The B-100 receptor stops taking LDL from the blood.
p.36
Functions of Lipids in the Body
How does visceral fat protect the body?
It protects organs from injury.
p.81
Health Implications of Fat Intake
What inflammatory effect do trans fats have?
They increase inflammation.
p.78
Health Implications of Fat Intake
How do HDLs contribute to cardiovascular health?
By helping to block the oxidation of LDL and slowing the development of cardiovascular disease.
p.81
Recommended Fat Intake
What types of foods should be avoided when eating out to reduce trans fat intake?
Fried foods, pastries, flaky bread products, and cookies.
p.2
Classification of Fatty Acids
How can fatty acids be classified based on health benefits?
Fatty acids can be classified as saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated, each with different health implications.
p.2
Food Sources of Lipids
What are some food sources of triglycerides?
Food sources include oils, butter, nuts, and fatty fish.
p.64
Transport of Lipids in the Blood
What is the role of proteins in lipoproteins?
They form the shell that covers the lipid core.
p.2
Functions of Lipids in the Body
What are sterols and their function in the body?
Sterols, like cholesterol, are involved in cell membrane structure and hormone production.
