p.58
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What does NRT stand for?
Nicotine Replacement Therapy.
p.9
Health Risks Associated with Smoking
What are some bone and oral health problems caused by smoking?
Bone density loss and oral health issues.
p.31
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
What is the relationship between the number of counseling sessions and smoking cessation success?
There is a strong relation; more counseling sessions combined with medications increase the likelihood of successful cessation.
p.63
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What does NRT stand for?
Nicotine Replacement Therapy.
p.71
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What are common side effects of Clonidine?
Dry mouth (40%), drowsiness (33%), dizziness (16%), sedation (10%), constipation (10%), hypotension.
p.65
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the significance of the number 65 in the context provided?
The context does not specify its significance.
p.56
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the purpose of Nicotine Replacement Therapy?
To help individuals quit smoking by reducing withdrawal symptoms.
p.26
Assessment Tools for Tobacco Use and Dependence
What does a total score of 5 to 7 on the Fagerstrom Test suggest?
Moderate Dependence; may offer NRT options alone or in combination (e.g., patches with lozenges or gums).
p.42
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
What are some strategies to manage withdrawal symptoms according to the DEAD acronym?
Delay smoking, drink water, take deep breaths, do something else, and focus on a destination.
p.4
Health Risks Associated with Smoking
What are the health risks associated with tobacco use?
Increased risk of cancer, heart disease, and respiratory issues.
p.54
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the purpose of Nicotine Gum?
To help individuals quit smoking by reducing withdrawal symptoms.
p.24
Assessment Tools for Tobacco Use and Dependence
What is the purpose of the 'Why I Smoke Test'?
To assess reasons and motivations for smoking.
p.28
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
What is the primary intervention goal for smokers unlikely to stop without help but would benefit from treatment?
Engage smoker in treatment.
p.71
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is Clonidine used for in smoking cessation?
It reduces cravings and withdrawal symptoms.
p.25
Nicotine Dependence: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
What is the Fagerström Test used for?
To assess nicotine dependence.
p.5
Health Risks Associated with Smoking
What are the three types of Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS)?
First-hand ETS, Second-hand ETS, Third-hand ETS.
p.27
Assessment Tools for Tobacco Use and Dependence
How many cigarettes per day is considered heavy smoking?
More than 20 cigarettes per day.
p.27
Assessment Tools for Tobacco Use and Dependence
What is classified as very heavy smoking?
More than 25 cigarettes per day.
p.32
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
What is the significance of the date 8 September 2022 in the context of quitting?
It can be set as a quit date.
p.62
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is Combination NRT?
A treatment that includes a long-acting formulation (21 mg patch) and a short-acting formulation (4 mg gum, lozenge, or oral inhaler).
p.56
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What does NRT stand for?
Nicotine Replacement Therapy.
p.8
Risk Factors for Tobacco Use
What are biological factors in tobacco use risk?
Factors related to nicotine dependence.
p.4
Health Risks Associated with Smoking
What does ETS stand for in the context of tobacco use?
Environmental Tobacco Smoke.
p.9
Health Risks Associated with Smoking
Which cardiovascular diseases are linked to smoking?
Stroke and coronary heart disease.
p.66
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the combination therapy discussed in the document?
Varenicline and Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT).
p.23
Assessment Tools for Tobacco Use and Dependence
What is the purpose of the 'Why I Smoke Test'?
To understand the reasons behind an individual's smoking behavior.
p.27
Assessment Tools for Tobacco Use and Dependence
What are the two most important questions in the Fagerstrom Test under time constraints?
1. How soon after waking up do you smoke? 2. How many cigarettes per day do you smoke?
p.28
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
What is the primary intervention goal for smokers unlikely to stop?
Initially increase motivation to make smoker receptive to treatment.
p.29
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
What is a key focus in behavioral management for smoking cessation?
Facilitating patients who are willing to quit, unwilling to quit, and those experiencing withdrawal symptoms.
What is the significance of 8 September 2022?
It is a specific date, but no context is provided.
p.2
Nicotine Dependence: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
What aspects of nicotine dependence should students be able to describe?
Pathophysiology, epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and assessment.
What does the number 16 represent in this context?
It is unclear without additional information.
p.71
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What type of medication is Clonidine?
An anti-hypertensive and specific noradrenergic agonist.
p.3
Assessment Tools for Tobacco Use and Dependence
What is the focus of the session on 8 September 2022?
Understanding Tobacco Use and Dependence.
p.3
Assessment Tools for Tobacco Use and Dependence
What is one key area covered in the session?
Assessment of Tobacco Use and Dependence.
p.65
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is Varenicline used for?
It is used for smoking cessation.
p.59
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is a key advantage of transdermal nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)?
It is preferable for patients with difficulty taking multiple doses.
p.59
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
How does the duration of therapy for transdermal NRT compare to oral NRT?
Transdermal NRT has a shorter duration of therapy compared to oral NRT.
p.76
Special Populations in Smoking Cessation
How can smoking cessation affect patients with co-morbid alcohol and other drug substance use?
It can improve the chances of alcohol abstinence.
p.59
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
In what scenario can transdermal NRT be used in combination with oral NRT?
For background craving relief and breakthrough craving.
p.40
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
How can clinicians support clients in the Maintenance stage?
By supporting lifestyle changes.
p.48
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is a recommended action if a smoker had a positive experience with pharmacotherapy?
Re-treatment with the same agent might be appropriate.
p.40
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What is an important affirmation for clients in the Maintenance stage?
Affirming the client's resolve and self-efficacy.
p.48
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What should be considered if a smoker had a negative experience with pharmacotherapy?
Consider an alternative agent.
p.75
Special Populations in Smoking Cessation
What alternative method can be used for smoking cessation in pregnant women?
Intermittent Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) monitored by healthcare providers.
p.70
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the starting dosage of Nortriptyline for smoking cessation?
25 mg PO OD, started 1-2 weeks before the quit date.
p.46
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What are the comparisons made in smoking cessation aids?
Comparisons between NRT, Varenicline, Bupropion, and their combinations.
p.14
Nicotine Dependence: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
How does tolerance relate to the reward pathway sensitivity?
Tolerance leads to increased reward pathway sensitivity.
p.51
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What benefit does oral NRT provide for smokers not ready to quit?
With NRT support, twice as many quitters achieve six months of sustained abstinence.
p.52
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the maximum number of pieces of NRT that can be used in 6 hours?
No more than five pieces.
p.4
Risk Factors for Tobacco Use
What are some risk factors associated with tobacco use?
Genetic predisposition, social environment, and mental health issues.
p.54
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What does NRT stand for?
Nicotine Replacement Therapy.
p.13
Nicotine Dependence: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
What is a common psychological symptom associated with substance use?
Craving or strong desire to use the substance.
p.2
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
What is a key skill students should develop for smoking cessation?
Select and adjust appropriate regimens based on nicotine dependence and patient-specific characteristics.
p.58
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the purpose of using a Nicotine Inhaler?
To help individuals quit smoking by providing a controlled dose of nicotine.
p.47
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
Who should not be offered first-line smoking cessation agents?
Patients who smoke less than 10 cigarettes/day, pregnant or breastfeeding women, children and adolescents under 18, and smokeless tobacco users.
p.20
Assessment Tools for Tobacco Use and Dependence
What does the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) measure?
The level of nicotine dependence in smokers.
p.37
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What types of consequences are considered in the Extended Decisional Balance?
Consequences to self, consequences to others, your own reaction, and reaction by others.
p.7
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
Is the use of electronic cigarettes recommended as an alternative to NRT?
No, their use is not recommended as an alternative to NRT.
p.26
Assessment Tools for Tobacco Use and Dependence
What does a total score of 1 to 2 on the Fagerstrom Test indicate?
Low Dependence; may not need NRT, but monitoring for withdrawal symptoms is recommended.
p.72
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is Cytisine?
A partial nicotinic-acetylcholine agonist with a structure similar to nicotine.
p.77
Policy Framework and Legal Aspects of Tobacco Control
What is the title of the material?
Smoking Cessation Clin Pharm 182.
p.33
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
What does the acronym 5R stand for in smoking cessation?
Relevance, Risks, Rewards, Roadblocks, Repetitions.
p.73
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
What are some side effects of using Vernonia cinerea?
Tongue numbness, decreased appetite, and dislike for cigarette smoke’s taste and smell.
p.49
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
How does NRT help after cessation regarding weight?
It helps control weight gain, particularly with gum.
p.18
Policy Framework and Legal Aspects of Tobacco Control
What does Republic Act 9211 regulate?
Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003.
p.8
Risk Factors for Tobacco Use
How does social image affect tobacco use?
It can influence individuals' decisions to smoke.
p.75
Special Populations in Smoking Cessation
What type of support is recommended for hospitalized patients trying to quit smoking?
Behavioral support and Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT).
p.15
Nicotine Dependence: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
Name three common withdrawal symptoms from tobacco use.
Irritability, anxiety, and difficulty concentrating.
p.77
Policy Framework and Legal Aspects of Tobacco Control
What law governs the copyright of this material?
Republic Act (RA) 8293 or the 'Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines'.
p.52
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What forms of oral nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) are mentioned?
Gums, lozenges, and pastilles.
p.48
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What are some reasons for negative experiences with pharmacotherapy?
Poor adherence, side effects, palatability issues, and cost.
p.22
Assessment Tools for Tobacco Use and Dependence
What does a Carbon Monoxide Analyzer measure?
Smoke intake over the preceding hours.
p.5
Health Risks Associated with Smoking
Is the health impact of ETS the same across different groups?
No, health problems may vary across groups exposed to different ETS.
p.76
Special Populations in Smoking Cessation
What is a significant challenge for patients with mental health disorders regarding smoking cessation?
They have lower quit rates despite being motivated like the general population.
p.47
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
What factors should be considered when selecting a smoking cessation aid?
Patient’s preference, previous experience, previous levels of smoking, current medical conditions, medication adherence issues, concerns about weight gain, and out-of-pocket costs.
p.63
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the purpose of Combination NRT?
To enhance smoking cessation success by using multiple forms of nicotine replacement.
p.73
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
What is Vernonia cinerea?
A plant under the Asteraceae family used as a traditional medicine.
p.62
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
Who is best suited to manage Combination NRT?
Smoking cessation specialist clinics.
p.8
Risk Factors for Tobacco Use
What psychological factor contributes to tobacco use?
The feeling of satisfaction.
p.72
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the initial dose of Cytisine?
9 mg per day for 25 days.
p.6
Health Risks Associated with Smoking
What is leukoplakia?
Precancerous white patches in the mouth caused by smokeless tobacco.
p.1
Policy Framework and Legal Aspects of Tobacco Control
What law governs the copyright of the material?
Republic Act (RA) 8293 or the 'Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines'.
p.42
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
What is the purpose of the DEAD acronym?
To provide strategies for coping with withdrawal symptoms.
p.43
Varenicline and Bupropion in Smoking Cessation
What is Varenicline used for?
As a smoking cessation aid that reduces withdrawal symptoms and cravings.
p.35
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What is the focus of the Precontemplation stage in smoking cessation?
Current smoking without a quitting plan within 6 months.
p.75
Special Populations in Smoking Cessation
Why is smoking cessation important for pregnant and breastfeeding women?
To promote the health of both the mother and the child.
p.17
Nicotine Dependence: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
What is a symptom indicating a loss of control in substance use?
Loss of control over substance use.
p.19
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
What is the final step in the 5A model?
ARRANGE follow-up support.
p.39
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What should clinicians support to help clients in the Action stage of change?
A realistic view of change through small steps.
p.18
Policy Framework and Legal Aspects of Tobacco Control
What does Republic Act 10351 restructure?
The excise tax on alcohol and tobacco products.
p.14
Nicotine Dependence: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
What effect does nicotine have on acetylcholine receptors?
Nicotine decreases the sensitivity of acetylcholine receptors.
p.45
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
Name two first-line agents for smoking cessation.
Varenicline and Bupropion SR.
p.51
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
How does oral NRT provide oral gratification?
It satisfies the oral fixation associated with smoking.
p.2
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What should students compare regarding drugs for smoking cessation?
Mechanism of action, indication, appropriate dose, side effects, proper use, monitoring, and efficacy.
p.9
Health Risks Associated with Smoking
How does smoking affect reproductive health?
It can lead to difficulty in getting pregnant, pre-term delivery, stillbirth, and birth defects.
p.31
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
What is more effective for smoking cessation: counseling alone, medication alone, or a combination of both?
A combination of counseling and medication is more effective.
p.20
Assessment Tools for Tobacco Use and Dependence
What is the purpose of the Why I Smoke Test (WIST)?
To assess reasons for tobacco use.
p.6
Health Risks Associated with Smoking
What is smokeless tobacco?
Tobacco that is not burned.
p.26
Assessment Tools for Tobacco Use and Dependence
What is recommended for a total score of 3 to 4 on the Fagerstrom Test?
May offer NRT options such as patches, inhaler, lozenges, or gums.
p.74
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is Silver Nitrate Mouthwash used for in smoking cessation?
It reacts with nicotine to form nicotinic acid.
p.40
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What should clinicians help clients identify during the Maintenance stage?
Drug-free sources of pleasure (new reinforcers).
p.15
Nicotine Dependence: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
What triggers withdrawal symptoms in tobacco users?
Abrupt cessation of tobacco use or reduction in the amount used.
p.59
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What caution should be taken when using transdermal NRT?
Use with caution in cardiovascular patient groups and patients with severe eczema or psoriasis.
p.11
Nicotine Dependence: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
What system does inhaled nicotine primarily affect?
The mesolimbic dopamine system.
p.11
Nicotine Dependence: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
Which receptor does nicotine bind to in the brain?
The 4 β 2 nicotinic acetylcholinergic (nACh) receptor.
p.61
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the primary purpose of transdermal NRT?
To help individuals quit smoking by reducing withdrawal symptoms.
p.19
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
What does 'ASSIST' involve in the 5A model?
Helping the patient with a quit plan and providing support.
p.35
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What is an important first step for clinicians in the Precontemplation stage?
Establish rapport, ask permission, and build trust.
p.77
Policy Framework and Legal Aspects of Tobacco Control
What should you not do with this material according to the notice?
Reproduce or communicate it without authorization.
p.18
Policy Framework and Legal Aspects of Tobacco Control
What is the significance of the Executive Order on a Nationwide Smoking Ban?
It prohibits smoking in public places across the country.
p.44
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
What does 'ASSIST' involve in the 5A model?
Helping the patient with a quit plan and providing support.
p.53
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the recommended usage of oral NRT during Step 1?
At least 9 pieces per day to increase chances of quitting.
p.36
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What is the focus of the Contemplation stage in smoking cessation?
Current smoking with a quitting plan within 6 months.
p.46
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the purpose of combination NRT?
To enhance smoking cessation effectiveness.
p.30
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
What is one method to reduce smoking before quitting?
Cigarette fading or smoking reduction pre-quit.
p.36
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
How can clinicians help clients tip the decisional balance scales toward change?
By eliciting and weighing pros and cons of substance use and change.
p.4
Nicotine Dependence: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
What is pathophysiology in the context of tobacco dependence?
The study of the functional changes in the body caused by tobacco use.
p.4
Assessment Tools for Tobacco Use and Dependence
What are the diagnostic criteria for tobacco dependence?
Criteria include tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, and continued use despite harm.
p.41
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What should a clinician do when a client experiences a recurrence or relapse in smoking cessation?
Help the client reenter the change cycle and commend any willingness to reconsider positive change.
p.7
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the evidence regarding the efficacy of electronic cigarettes as an alternative form of NRT?
Insufficient evidence to support their efficacy for smoking cessation.
p.41
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What is an important strategy for clients who have relapsed?
Assist the client in finding alternative coping strategies.
p.55
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What does NRT stand for?
Nicotine Replacement Therapy.
p.62
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What types of cravings does Combination NRT address?
Background craving and breakthrough craving.
p.76
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
Which pharmacological aids can be used for smoking cessation in patients with mental health disorders?
Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) and Bupropion.
p.8
Risk Factors for Tobacco Use
How do social factors influence tobacco use?
Through friends, peer pressure, and family.
p.40
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What is the Maintenance stage in the Stage of Change model?
It refers to having quit smoking for more than 6 months.
p.49
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
Is a combination of NRT agents more effective than a single agent?
Yes, a combination is more effective.
p.74
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is a notable side effect of Silver Nitrate Mouthwash?
It has a disagreeable metallic taste.
p.61
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What does NRT stand for?
Nicotine Replacement Therapy.
p.18
Policy Framework and Legal Aspects of Tobacco Control
What is the purpose of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control?
To provide a global framework for tobacco control.
p.43
Varenicline and Bupropion in Smoking Cessation
What is Bupropion's role in smoking cessation?
It is an antidepressant that also helps reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms.
p.46
Varenicline and Bupropion in Smoking Cessation
What is Varenicline used for?
It is a smoking cessation aid.
p.68
Varenicline and Bupropion in Smoking Cessation
What was observed in the psychiatric cohort regarding neuropsychiatric adverse events?
More neuropsychiatric adverse events were reported in the psychiatric cohort.
p.64
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What type of receptor does Varenicline act on?
Highly-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist.
p.30
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
What commitment should be elicited from clients in smoking cessation?
Commitment to 'not-a-puff'.
p.67
Varenicline and Bupropion in Smoking Cessation
How can nausea from Varenicline be mitigated?
Take with food and a full glass of water.
p.64
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
When should Varenicline be started in relation to the quit date?
1 week before the quit date.
p.50
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the pooled risk ratio for NRT patches?
1.66 (95% CI: 1.53 to 1.81).
p.36
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What type of motivation should clinicians aim to change from and to?
From extrinsic to intrinsic motivation.
p.76
Special Populations in Smoking Cessation
Does smoking cessation exacerbate mental health disorders?
No, it does not exacerbate mental health disorders.
p.12
Nicotine Dependence: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
What is the DSM-V definition of nicotine dependence?
A problematic pattern of tobacco use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by at least two symptoms occurring within a 12-month period.
p.6
Health Risks Associated with Smoking
How is nicotine absorbed in smokeless tobacco?
Through the lining of the mouth.
p.63
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is a potential benefit of using Combination NRT?
Increased effectiveness in reducing withdrawal symptoms and cravings.
p.37
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What does the 'Disadvantage' in Decisional Balance refer to?
The drawbacks of quitting smoking.
p.62
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the incidence of side effects with Combination NRT compared to single NRT use?
Not significantly greater.
p.73
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
What effect does Vernonia cinerea have on the rewarding feeling of smoking?
It possibly decreases the rewarding feeling given by smoking.
p.1
Policy Framework and Legal Aspects of Tobacco Control
Which institution is associated with the material?
University of the Philippines Manila.
p.18
Policy Framework and Legal Aspects of Tobacco Control
What is Republic Act 8749?
The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999.
p.8
Risk Factors for Tobacco Use
What other factors contribute to tobacco use?
Easy access, low prices, aggressive marketing, lack of danger awareness, and weak policy implementation.
p.72
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What are some side effects of Cytisine?
Nausea/vomiting and sleep disturbance.
p.1
Policy Framework and Legal Aspects of Tobacco Control
What should you not do with the material according to the notice?
Reproduce or communicate the material without authorization.
p.46
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What does NRT stand for in smoking cessation aids?
Nicotine Replacement Therapy.
p.44
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
What does the 'ADVISE' step entail in the 5A model?
Providing clear and personalized advice to the patient.
p.18
Policy Framework and Legal Aspects of Tobacco Control
What does Republic Act 10643 mandate?
The Graphic Health Warnings Law.
p.44
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
What is the purpose of the 'ASSESS' step in the 5A model?
To evaluate the patient's readiness to quit and their level of dependence.
p.15
Nicotine Dependence: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
What mood changes can occur during nicotine withdrawal?
Restlessness and depressed mood.
p.17
Nicotine Dependence: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
What does persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to stop using indicate?
A strong urge to quit but inability to do so.
p.64
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
How much more successful is Varenicline compared to placebo?
2 to 3 times more successful.
p.15
Nicotine Dependence: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
What is the relationship between tolerance and physical dependence in nicotine use?
Tolerance leads to increased craving and physical dependence.
p.50
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the pooled risk ratio for NRT gum?
1.43 (95% CI: 1.33 to 1.53).
p.67
Varenicline and Bupropion in Smoking Cessation
What are some neuropsychiatric side effects associated with Varenicline?
Depressed mood, agitation, suicidal thoughts.
p.30
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
What type of support can enhance smoking cessation efforts?
Extratreatment social support.
p.52
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What can be done for strong or frequent cravings?
A second piece may be used within 1 hour.
p.37
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What is the Decisional Balance in the context of smoking cessation?
It involves weighing the advantages and disadvantages of smoking versus quitting.
p.41
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
How can a clinician help a client view a relapse?
Explore the meaning and reality of the recurrence as a learning opportunity.
p.37
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What are the two main components of the Extended Decisional Balance?
Pros and cons of quitting smoking.
p.7
Risk Factors for Tobacco Use
What potential risk do electronic cigarettes pose, particularly among youth?
They may promote nicotine addiction.
p.47
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
Why is it important to individualize the selection of smoking cessation aids?
To accommodate the unique needs and circumstances of each patient.
p.49
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the primary function of Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)?
To bind with nicotinic receptors and release dopamine in the CNS.
p.41
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What role does supportive contact play in smoking cessation?
Maintain supportive contact to help the client during their change process.
p.1
Policy Framework and Legal Aspects of Tobacco Control
What is the title of the material?
Smoking Cessation Clin Pharm 182.
p.6
Health Risks Associated with Smoking
How many chemicals have been found in smokeless tobacco that can cause cancer?
At least 28 chemicals (nitrosamines).
p.49
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What effect does NRT have on quitting success rates?
It approximately doubles the quitting success rate.
p.6
Health Risks Associated with Smoking
What are some health risks associated with smokeless tobacco?
Heart disease, gum disease, and oral lesions.
p.26
Assessment Tools for Tobacco Use and Dependence
What does a total score of 8 or more on the Fagerstrom Test indicate?
High Dependence; may offer NRT options alone or in combination (e.g., patches with lozenges or gums).
p.72
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
How does the price of Cytisine compare to other smoking cessation therapies?
It is cheaper compared to other therapies.
p.75
Special Populations in Smoking Cessation
What is the first-line approach for smoking cessation in pregnant and breastfeeding women?
Behavioral support and counseling.
p.40
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
Why is maintaining supportive contact important for clients?
To explain that the clinician is available to talk between sessions.
p.46
Varenicline and Bupropion in Smoking Cessation
What is Bupropion used for?
It is a smoking cessation aid.
p.11
Nicotine Dependence: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
What sensations does nicotine produce that contribute to addiction?
Highly pleasurable sensations leading to positive reinforcement.
p.70
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is Nortriptyline classified as?
A tricyclic antidepressant (TCA).
p.17
Nicotine Dependence: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
What is a major role obligation that may be affected by substance use?
Failure to fulfill responsibilities at work or home.
p.22
Assessment Tools for Tobacco Use and Dependence
What does the Why I Smoke Test (WIST) assess?
Reasons for smoking such as stimulation, pleasure, or habit.
p.35
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What should clinicians do to express concern in the Precontemplation stage?
Keep the door open for future discussions.
p.34
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
How can a practitioner support a patient's confidence in making changes?
By supporting self-efficacy.
p.38
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What should clinicians clarify during the Preparation stage?
The client's own goals and strategies for change.
p.38
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What type of options should clinicians offer to clients in the Preparation stage?
A menu of options for change or treatment.
p.71
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the recommended dosage of Clonidine for smoking cessation?
100 mcg BID, started 2 to 3 days before the quit date.
p.71
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is required when ending Clonidine therapy?
Tapering of the dose to avoid withdrawal symptoms.
p.37
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What does the 'Advantage' in Decisional Balance refer to?
The benefits of quitting smoking.
p.3
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What type of management is included in the session?
Pharmacological Management.
p.1
Policy Framework and Legal Aspects of Tobacco Control
Who is the author of the material?
Charles Mandy G. Ayran, RPh, Pharm.D.
p.55
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the purpose of nicotine lozenges?
To help individuals quit smoking by reducing withdrawal symptoms.
p.43
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the purpose of Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)?
To help individuals quit smoking by providing a controlled dose of nicotine.
p.12
Nicotine Dependence: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
What does ICD-10 describe in relation to nicotine dependence?
A cluster of behavioral, cognitive, and psychological occurrences that develop after repeated use of nicotine-containing products.
p.19
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
What does the 'ADVISE' step entail in the 5A model?
Providing clear and personalized advice to the patient.
p.61
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the method of delivery for transdermal NRT?
Through the skin via patches.
p.33
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
What is the focus of Motivational Interviewing Technique?
Client-centered counseling style for eliciting behavior change by exploring and resolving ambivalence.
p.11
Nicotine Dependence: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
Where is the ventral tegmental area (VTA) located?
In the brain, part of the mesolimbic system.
p.68
Varenicline and Bupropion in Smoking Cessation
What was the main finding regarding varenicline in the non-psychiatric cohort of the EAGLES study?
The risk for the composite safety endpoint was lower with varenicline than with bupropion and placebo.
p.39
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What is the focus of motivational strategies during the Action stage of change?
Engaging the client in treatment and reinforcing the importance of remaining in recovery.
p.35
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What type of feedback should clinicians provide to clients in the Precontemplation stage?
Personalized feedback about assessment findings.
p.52
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the recommended dosage of gum or lozenge for those who smoke 25 or more cigarettes a day?
4mg gum and lozenge, or 2mg pastille.
p.35
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What should clinicians explore regarding substance use in the Precontemplation stage?
The pros and cons of substance use.
p.67
Varenicline and Bupropion in Smoking Cessation
What is a common side effect of Varenicline?
Nausea (15-40%; dose related).
p.53
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What are common side effects of oral NRT?
Mouth soreness, hiccups, dyspepsia, jaw ache.
p.70
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the recommended duration of treatment with Nortriptyline?
12 weeks, with some patients needing to extend for 6 months.
p.46
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is a single NRT?
Using one form of nicotine replacement therapy.
p.70
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What are common side effects of Nortriptyline?
Sedation, dry mouth (64-78%), and blurred vision (16%).
p.69
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What type of medication is Bupropion SR?
Norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitor.
p.42
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
What does the acronym DEAD stand for in relation to withdrawal symptoms?
Delay, Escape, Avoid, Distract.
p.76
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
What educational approaches can assist in smoking cessation for patients with substance use issues?
Educational approach and cognitive-behavioral approach.
p.48
Assessment Tools for Tobacco Use and Dependence
What should all smokers making a repeat quit attempt be queried about?
Their prior use of pharmacotherapy and their perceptions of treatment options.
p.77
Policy Framework and Legal Aspects of Tobacco Control
Who is the author of the material?
Charles Mandy G. Ayran, RPh, Pharm.D.
p.43
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What are two common pharmacological agents used in smoking cessation?
Varenicline and Bupropion.
p.59
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is a safety concern regarding transdermal NRT during pregnancy?
It may have safety issues in pregnancy.
p.19
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
What is the purpose of the 'ASSESS' step in the 5A model?
To evaluate the patient's readiness to quit and their level of dependence.
p.14
Nicotine Dependence: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
What is a key symptom of nicotine dependence?
Tolerance, which means needing to increase amounts of nicotine to achieve the desired effect.
p.11
Nicotine Dependence: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
What is the result of nicotine binding to its receptor?
Dopamine release at the nucleus accumbens (nAcc).
p.33
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
What is a key aspect of the Motivational Interviewing Technique?
A collaborative approach to help clients.
p.52
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the recommended dosage of gum or lozenge for those who smoke less than 25 cigarettes a day?
2mg gum and lozenge, or 1mg pastille.
p.68
Varenicline and Bupropion in Smoking Cessation
Was the use of varenicline associated with a significantly increased risk of neuropsychiatric adverse events in the psychiatric cohort?
No, it was not associated with a significantly increased risk of neuropsychiatric adverse events.
p.39
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
Why is it important to acknowledge difficulties for clients in the early stages of change?
To provide support and understanding as they navigate challenges.
p.51
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is a key advantage of oral NRT for individuals managing withdrawal symptoms?
It allows individuals to titrate nicotine levels acutely.
p.21
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What characterizes the Precontemplation stage?
Not intending to change a behavior in the foreseeable future (next 6 months).
p.38
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What is the focus of the Preparation stage in the Stage of Change model?
Current smoking with a quitting plan within 1 month.
p.17
Nicotine Dependence: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
What might be a consequence of substance use on important activities?
Reduction or abandonment of important activities.
p.21
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What does the Contemplation stage involve?
Intending to change a behavior in the foreseeable future (next 6 months) but not in the immediate future.
p.69
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the minimum smoking requirement for patients to use Bupropion SR?
At least 10 sticks per day.
p.53
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the dosing schedule for Step 1 of oral NRT?
1 piece every 1-2 hours for Weeks 1 to 6.
p.75
Special Populations in Smoking Cessation
What is a key consideration for hospitalized patients regarding smoking?
They experience a period of abstinence during hospital confinement.
p.33
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
What is the purpose of the 5R model?
To help individuals understand their motivations and barriers to quitting smoking.
p.77
Policy Framework and Legal Aspects of Tobacco Control
Which university is associated with this material?
University of the Philippines Manila.
p.48
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What considerations should be made if a smoker had a positive experience with pharmacotherapy?
Consider increasing dose, frequency, or duration of therapy.
p.40
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What coping strategies should clinicians help clients practice?
New coping strategies to avoid a return to use.
p.14
Nicotine Dependence: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
How does nicotine affect dopamine in the brain?
Nicotine increases dopamine in brain reward circuits.
p.43
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What are second-line agents in smoking cessation?
Medications used when first-line treatments are ineffective or not tolerated.
p.35
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
How can clinicians raise doubts in clients during the Precontemplation stage?
By exploring the meaning of events that brought the client to treatment or the results of previous treatments.
p.14
Nicotine Dependence: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
What happens to dopamine production with continued nicotine use?
There is a downregulation of dopamine production.
p.45
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the primary purpose of Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)?
To aid in smoking cessation.
p.46
Assessment Tools for Tobacco Use and Dependence
What type of study is referenced in the summary?
Cochrane database of systematic review, 2013.
p.50
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the risk ratio (RR) of abstinence for any form of Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) relative to control?
1.58 (95% confidence interval: 1.50 to 1.66).
p.17
Nicotine Dependence: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
What does continued use of substances despite social problems suggest?
Substance use is worsening interpersonal issues.
p.35
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What role can significant others play in the Precontemplation stage?
Helping to intervene with the client.
p.51
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is a safety consideration when using oral NRT?
Use with caution in cardiovascular patient groups.
p.70
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What are contraindications for using Nortriptyline?
Drugs or conditions that prolong QT interval, acute recovery post-MI, risk of anticholinergic side effects.
p.60
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What should be done if local skin reactions worsen during transdermal NRT therapy?
Use hydrocortisone cream (1%) or triamcinolone cream (0.5%).
p.36
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What aspects of the client should clinicians emphasize?
The client's free choice, responsibility, and self-efficacy for change.
p.60
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the dosing schedule for Step 2 of transdermal NRT?
Weeks 5 to 6: 14mg/24h or 10mg/16h.
p.60
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the dosing schedule for Step 3 of transdermal NRT?
Weeks 7 to 8: 7mg/24h or 5mg/16h.
p.60
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What precautions should be taken when using transdermal NRT?
Avoid use 2 weeks post-MI, in serious arrhythmia, unstable angina, and hypertension.
p.68
Varenicline and Bupropion in Smoking Cessation
How did the number of participants reporting suicidal ideation or behavior compare across treatment groups in the psychiatric cohort?
The number was greater in the psychiatric cohort but similar across treatment groups.
p.14
Nicotine Dependence: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
What is the relationship between nicotine and the number of receptors?
Nicotine upregulates the number of receptors.
p.50
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
How does NRT use affect long-term abstinence rates for smokers making self-initiated quit attempts?
It is associated with improved long-term abstinence rates.
p.39
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What should clinicians assist clients in developing to overcome high-risk situations?
Appropriate coping strategies.
p.45
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What forms of NRT are available?
Gum, lozenge, pastille, patch, inhaler, film-coated tablet, extended-release tablet.
p.14
Nicotine Dependence: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
How does nicotine's addictiveness compare to other substances?
Nicotine is more addictive than cocaine and heroin.
p.67
Varenicline and Bupropion in Smoking Cessation
What should be done if experiencing insomnia while taking Varenicline?
Take the second pill at dinner rather than bedtime.
p.45
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
Which smoking cessation aids are available over-the-counter (OTC)?
Nicorette, Nicoderm, Ezeequit, and Smonil.
p.69
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
Who is Bupropion SR preferred for?
Patients who have difficulty taking multiple doses.
p.64
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What should be done if quitting is successful after 12 weeks of Varenicline?
Continue for another 12 weeks with 1 mg PO BD.
p.57
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the nicotine delivery per cartridge in the inhaler?
Each cartridge delivers 4 mg of nicotine over 80 inhalations.
p.69
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What maintenance therapy is recommended if a patient successfully quits?
150 mg qAM for up to 6 months post-quit.
p.38
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What action can clients take to reinforce their commitment to change?
Publicly announce plans to change.
p.17
Nicotine Dependence: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
What does spending a great deal of time obtaining and recovering from substance use indicate?
Time is consumed by the cycle of use and recovery.
p.60
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the recommended duration for transdermal NRT treatment?
May recommend for 3 months, but 8 weeks or less shown to be as efficacious.
p.39
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What is a key aspect of reinforcing positive change for clients?
Helping them find new reinforcers of positive change.
p.60
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What are common side effects of transdermal NRT?
Local skin reactions, insomnia, and vivid dreams.
p.17
Nicotine Dependence: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
What does substance use in physically hazardous situations imply?
Engaging in substance use despite risks to physical safety.
p.51
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What must be avoided 15 minutes before or after using oral NRT?
Eating or drinking acidic beverages.
p.50
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the pooled risk ratio for NRT lozenges?
2.00 (95% CI: 1.63 to 2.45).
p.67
Varenicline and Bupropion in Smoking Cessation
Is Varenicline effective for pregnant smokers?
Not shown to be effective.
p.51
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What safety issue may arise with the use of oral NRT during pregnancy?
There may be safety concerns.
p.51
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is a potential recommendation for patients using oral NRT?
Patient education or switching to nicotine patch or bupropion SR.
p.21
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What does the Action stage involve?
Has changed the behavior for less than 6 months.
p.38
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What should clinicians explore regarding the client's expectations?
Treatment expectancies and the client's role.
p.57
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What are some cautions or contraindications for using nicotine inhalers?
Use is cautioned in patients 2 weeks post-MI, with serious arrhythmia, unstable angina, or hypertension.
p.22
Assessment Tools for Tobacco Use and Dependence
What is the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) used for?
To assess nicotine dependence.
p.39
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What should clients assess regarding their support system during the Action stage?
Whether they have strong family and social support.
p.57
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
How long does it take for nicotine from the inhaler to reach its plateau?
Approximately 30 minutes.
p.38
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What should clinicians consider to facilitate change?
Lowering barriers to change.
p.53
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the dosing schedule for Step 2 of oral NRT?
1 piece every 2-4 hours for Weeks 7 to 9.
p.69
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the dosing schedule for Bupropion SR from day 4 onwards?
150 mg every 12 hours for up to 7 to 12 weeks.
p.50
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the pooled risk ratio for NRT inhalers?
1.90 (95% CI: 1.36 to 2.67).
p.36
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What should clinicians examine in relation to change?
The client's personal values.
p.51
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is a disadvantage of oral NRT regarding dosing?
It requires frequent dosing or non-traditional routes of administration.
p.50
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the pooled risk ratio for NRT nasal spray?
2.02 (95% CI: 1.49 to 3.73).
p.36
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What should clinicians gather regarding the client's expectations?
Ideas regarding the client's perceived self-efficacy and expectations regarding treatment.
p.67
Varenicline and Bupropion in Smoking Cessation
What potential cardiovascular risk is associated with Varenicline?
May increase CV events in patients with underlying CV disease (not a contraindication).
p.34
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
What is the purpose of affirmations in the OARS technique?
To reinforce positive behavior and self-efficacy.
p.57
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What are some common side effects of using a nicotine inhaler?
Mouth and throat irritation, coughing, and rhinitis.
p.57
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
How is nicotine absorbed when using an inhaler?
Nicotine is absorbed across the buccal mucosa, not inhaled into the lungs.
p.38
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What is an important step clinicians should take with permission from the client?
Offer expertise and advice.
p.67
Varenicline and Bupropion in Smoking Cessation
What should patients avoid while taking Varenicline?
Driving or operating machinery.
p.57
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the recommended daily dose of cartridges for nicotine inhaler therapy?
6 to 16 cartridges per day.
p.21
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What characterizes the Maintenance stage?
Changed the behavior for greater than 6 months.
p.34
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
What is the purpose of summaries in Motivational Interviewing?
To consolidate information and clarify understanding.
p.69
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What should be done if a patient reports serious or unusual behavioral changes while on Bupropion SR?
Immediate discontinuation of the medication.
p.70
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What serious condition can occur when Nortriptyline is co-administered with certain drugs?
Potentially life-threatening serotonin syndrome.
p.53
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What are the cautions for using oral NRT?
2 weeks post-MI, serious arrhythmia, unstable angina, hypertension.
p.21
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What characterizes the Preparation stage?
Planning to change a behavior in the near future (next 1 month) and has taken steps toward change.
p.57
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
How many puffs from the inhaler are equivalent to one puff from a cigarette?
10 puffs from the inhaler equal one puff from a cigarette.
p.34
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
What does the OARS technique stand for?
Open-ended questions, Affirmations, Reflective listening, Summaries.
p.38
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What past experiences should clinicians elicit from clients?
What has worked in the past for them or others they know.
p.21
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What does the Relapse stage involve?
Moving to a previous stage.
p.69
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What are the primary benefits of Bupropion SR for smoking cessation?
Reduces craving for smoking and decreases withdrawal symptoms.
p.60
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the dosing schedule for Step 1 of transdermal NRT?
Weeks 1 to 4: 21mg/24h or 15mg/16h.
p.57
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the recommended method of using the nicotine inhaler?
Puff continuously for about 10-20 minutes every hour.
p.36
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What type of statements should clinicians elicit from clients?
Self-motivational statements of intent and commitment.
p.69
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
When should Bupropion SR be started in relation to the quit date?
1 - 2 weeks before the quit date.
p.60
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What should be done to manage insomnia or vivid dreams caused by transdermal NRT?
Remove the patch before bedtime if using a 24-hour patch; use a 16-hour patch.
p.69
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What are common side effects of Bupropion SR?
Insomnia (35-40%) and dry mouth (10%).
p.45
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the prescription (Rx) status of Bupropion SR?
It is available by prescription.
p.70
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What can overdose of Nortriptyline cause?
Life-threatening cardiovascular toxicity, seizures, and coma.
p.38
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What should clinicians negotiate with the client?
A change or treatment plan and behavior contract.
p.38
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
How can clinicians help clients during the Preparation stage?
By enlisting social support.
p.53
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the dosing schedule for Step 3 of oral NRT?
1 piece every 4-8 hours for Weeks 10 to 12.
p.34
Behavioral Management Techniques for Smoking Cessation
What is reflective listening?
A technique that involves listening carefully and reflecting back what the patient says.
p.69
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the FDA pregnancy category for Bupropion SR?
Category C; not shown to be effective in pregnant smokers.
p.69
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the initial dosing for Bupropion SR on days 1 to 3?
150 mg in the morning (qAM).
p.57
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the duration of therapy for nicotine inhaler use?
6 months, with tapering in the last 3 months.
p.38
Stages of Change Model in Smoking Cessation
What practical barriers should clinicians assist clients in negotiating?
Finances, child care, work, transportation, or other potential barriers.
p.57
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What is the tapering schedule for nicotine inhaler cartridges?
Weeks 1-8: 6 to 12 cartridges/day; Weeks 9-10: 3 to 6 cartridges/day; Weeks 11-12: Reduce gradually to zero.
p.69
Pharmacological Management: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
What are contraindications for using Bupropion SR?
Epilepsy, eating disorders (anorexia/bulimia), and co-administration with MAOIs (past 14 days).
