A condition characterized by low platelet (thrombocyte) count.
Related to hypoxemia, including shortness of breath (SOB), weakness, fatigue, CNS effects like dizziness, and pallor of the skin.
Easy bruising, prolonged bleeding from cuts, and petechiae.
Usually none needed or symptomatic; severe forms may require transfusions of von Willebrand factor (vWF).
A condition with a platelet count greater than 400,000, which can lead to hypercoagulation.
Normal Hgb is 14-18 gm/L and normal Hct is 42-52%; values below these may indicate anemia.
Abrupt onset and increased immature WBC cells.
RBC <4 million, fatigue, weakness, sometimes SOB, dull mentation, low MCV, and low Hgb.
Replacement therapy with clotting factor concentrates.
A type of cancer that is mostly idiopathic but may have a genetic component.
A type of cancer of the hematopoietic system characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of leukocytes, leading to overcrowding of bone marrow and decreased production of normal hematopoietic cells.
Leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia (easy bleeding and bruising), anemia (fatigue, shortness of breath), and increased susceptibility to infections.
RBC count >6 million and hematocrit >52%.
Increased risk for distal tissue ischemia, blood clots, and extra workload on the heart and lungs.
Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML).
Headaches, dizziness, and increased blood viscosity.
A disorder in which there are more than normal numbers of circulating RBCs.
Anemia, increased risk of infection, and easy bleeding.
Fatigue, weakness, and pallor.
Pernicious anemia.
Anemia in which the size (MCV) is smaller than normal, with RBCs <4 million and MCV <80.
Mainly in bones, causing multiple malignant tumors.
A condition characterized by less than normal number of circulating erythrocytes and/or a decrease in the quality or quantity of hemoglobin.
Genetic abnormalities (qualitative) and pathologically decreased or increased numbers of RBCs (quantitative).
Stop blood loss if possible and give iron supplements.
RBCs, WBCs, and platelets become trapped and destroyed.
Bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and certain medications.
It decreases the ability to clot due to reduced synthesis of coagulation factors.
A general term for a collection of blood under the skin greater than ~1 cm.
Quantitative (alterations in numbers) and qualitative (defect in quality of function).
Osteoclasts go into overdrive, leading to increased bone resorption.
Osteoporosis and pathological fractures.
If the number of RBCs is > 6 million and hematocrit is > 52%.
Impaired WBC immunocyte function increases the ease of infection.
To fight infection.
Nausea, vomiting, constipation, and confusion.
They relate to 'easy bleeding,' which can be frank or occult.
Erythropoietin.
Some plasma cells become malignant and begin overproducing immunoglobulins.
According to the predominant cell type (myeloid vs lymphoid) and the onset (acute or chronic).
It phagocytizes old, damaged, or dead blood cells and filters microorganisms from the blood.
A disorder involving the von Willebrand Factor (vWF), which promotes clotting by binding platelets and fibrinogen.
Rapid blood loss (e.g., traumatic hemorrhage) or chronic disease causing slow RBC production.
Stop blood loss if possible and give units of blood as needed.
To carry oxygen.
An inherited disorder and the most common clotting disease, affecting 1 in 100 people.
Reduced blood oxygen (hypoxemia) due to fewer or deranged RBCs or hemoglobin.
An arterial or venous clot attached to a vessel wall.
A hormone made by parietal cells in the stomach that is necessary for vitamin B12 absorption.
Chronic loss of RBCs leading to insufficient material for full-sized replacement RBCs, resulting in smaller, less mature RBCs.
Congenital problems, nutritional deficiencies, certain drugs, chronic diseases, and autoimmune issues.
Phlebotomy and/or medication.
A pathologically high amount of calcium in the blood, causing confusion, lethargy, weakness, kidney stones, and kidney failure.
According to changes in shape, substance, or size of RBCs.
RBCs: High, MCV: High.
Increased osteoclast activity leading to bone resorption.
Cirrhosis.
Increased bleeding tendency.
B-lymphocytes, specifically plasma cells.
RBC count < 4 million, fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, and dull mentation.
Because iron is essential for hemoglobin, which is lost with the RBCs.
Primary polycythemia (polycythemia vera) is due to hyper-proliferation of bone marrow stem cells, while secondary polycythemia is a compensatory increase in RBCs due to hypoxic conditions.
Hypersplenism.
20%, compared to only 2% of adult men.
It refers to too few RBCs.
Tests for platelet count and clotting factors.
Obvious or easily visible bleeding, such as petechiae, purpura, and ecchymosis.
4 to 6 million/L; anemia is indicated when the count is <4 million.
Hidden bleeding, such as in the GI tract, where stools may appear normal but contain blood.
A deficiency in the number of platelets (thrombocytes).
A hereditary deficiency of coagulation factors, usually X-linked recessive.
The predominant cell is mature but does not function correctly.
RBCs: Normal, MCV: Normal.
Chronic hypoxia, tumors producing erythropoietin.
Multiple Myeloma.
A genetic disorder that impairs the body's ability to make blood clots.
Larger areas that look purplish due to bleeding under the skin.
A thrombus that has broken loose and travels in the circulatory system.
Enlargement of the spleen.
Glossitis, characterized by a swollen, beefy red, smooth, painful tongue.
Vitamin B12 injections.
Transfuse plasma or concentrates of the deficient clotting factor.
Chemotherapy, radiation, and bone marrow transplantation.
RBC <4 million, fatigue, weakness, sometimes SOB, dull mentation, and normal MCV.
Vitamin B12 or folate supplementation.
Mild clotting deficiency with incidences of 'easy bleeding' and heavy periods in some women.
Pinpoint red spots that don’t blanche.
They selectively produce immunoglobulins on an as-needed basis.
Polycythemia.
RBCs: Low, MCV: Low.
Ischemic pain, formation of blood clots, and heart and lung failure-related issues.
A palpably large spleen.
RBCs: Elevated, Hematocrit: Increased percentage.
Vitamin B12 deficiency, folate deficiency.
A bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of von Willebrand factor.
The size (MCV) is larger than normal, with MCV > 95.
Heavy menses and occult (hidden) GI bleeding.
Genetic mutations, chronic hypoxia.
Anemia where the size of the RBC is normal, with RBCs <4 million and normal MCV.
An anemia disorder caused by abnormalities in the shape of RBCs.
Too many blood cells.
Through a blood test called a CBC (complete blood count) that assesses RBC count and mean corpuscular volume (MCV).
MCV indicates the size of each RBC; it helps classify anemia as microcytic (<80), normocytic (80-95), or macrocytic (>95).
Anemia.
Causes include hematologic issues, infections, malignancies, or physiologic factors.
It can cause the spleen to enlarge due to processing more RBC debris.
If the number of RBCs is < 4 million.
Bone marrow dysfunction, leukemias, or hypersplenism.
Headaches, fatigue, and hypertension.
To aid in clotting.
A condition of low platelet count leading to easy bleeding and bruising.
Engorgement of the spleen and pancytopenia.
Hypoxic conditions such as living at high altitudes or chronic low-oxygen conditions.
Too few blood cells.
