解剖學的參考用書有哪些？
1) Human Anatomy, Marieb & Mallatt 2011 6th ed. 2) Human Anatomy 人體解剖學, 譯者馮琮涵，楊世忠 3) Principles of Human Anatomy, Tortora 12th ed 2012 4) Human Anatomy, McKinley O'Loughlin 2nd ed 2008。
p.25
Skeletal System Overview
What are the two main portions of the skull?
Cranial portion and facial portion.
p.88
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What are cervical vertebrae?
The vertebrae located in the neck region of the spine.
p.44
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What are the two main types of wings associated with the sphenoid bone?
Greater wings and lesser wings.
p.88
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
Do cervical vertebrae have intervertebral discs?
No, they do not have intervertebral discs.
p.70
Facial Bones and Their Functions
What are the Inferior Nasal Conchae?
Paired bones that are thin and curved, located in the nasal cavity.
p.81
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
How many vertebrae make up the sacrum?
1 (a fusion of 5 vertebrae).
p.62
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
Which nerve is referred to as the maxillary nerve?
A branch of cranial nerve V.
p.85
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What does the vertebral arch protect?
The spinal cord and spinal nerves.
p.101
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What is the sternal angle and its significance?
The sternal angle is a fibrocartilage joint that lies at the level of the second ribs.
p.60
Facial Bones and Their Functions
What is the mandibular foramen?
An opening in the mandible that allows a branch of cranial nerve V, the inferior alveolar nerve, to pass.
p.49
Course Overview and Instructors
How does the blog suggest incorporating yoga into daily life?
By practicing regularly and being mindful of breath and movement.
p.104
Skeletal System Overview
What are the two main articulation points of the ribs?
The rib head with vertebral bodies and the rib tubercle with transverse processes.
p.32
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What does the frontal bone form?
The forehead and the roofs of the orbits.
p.65
Facial Bones and Their Functions
What is the lacrimal sac?
It is a structure that aids in draining tears.
p.97
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What are the anterior sacral foramina responsible for?
They transmit the dorsal rami of the sacral spinal nerves.
p.83
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What are the names of the longitudinal ligaments in the spine?
Anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments (前縱韌帶, 後縱韌帶).
p.41
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What does the carotid canal transmit?
It transmits the internal carotid artery.
p.93
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What are the two facets found on the vertebral body of thoracic vertebrae?
Superior costal facet and inferior costal facet.
p.102
Skeletal System Overview
What are floating ribs?
Ribs 11 and 12 that do not articulate with any bony structure anteriorly.
p.94
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What do the transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae articulate with?
The tubercles of the ribs (except T11 and T12).
p.66
Facial Bones and Their Functions
How many palatine bones are there in the human body?
There are two palatine bones.
p.100
Thoracic Cage Anatomy
What are the three sections of the sternum?
Manubrium, Body, and Xiphoid process.
p.25
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is the function of the vertebral column?
It supports the body and protects the spinal cord.
p.60
Facial Bones and Their Functions
What is the function of the mental foramen?
It allows blood vessels and nerves to pass to the chin and lower lip.
p.56
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What are the cribriform plates?
They are structures of the ethmoid bones.
p.54
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is a key feature of the ethmoid bones?
Cribriform plates (水平篩板).
p.29
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What are the unpaired cranial bones?
Frontal bone (1), Occipital bone (1), Sphenoid bone (1), and Ethmoid bone (1).
p.32
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What are the superciliary arches?
The bony ridges located above the orbits.
p.28
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What important structures do the skull openings provide access for?
Spinal cord, blood vessels serving the brain, and 12 pairs of cranial nerves.
p.56
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the primary function of the cribriform plates?
They allow the passage of olfactory nerves.
p.27
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What are the two categories of skull bones?
Cranial bones and facial bones.
p.107
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
Do cervical vertebrae have intervertebral discs?
No, they do not have intervertebral discs.
p.66
Facial Bones and Their Functions
What is the primary function of the palatine bones?
To support the hard palate and contribute to the formation of the nasal cavity and orbits.
p.94
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is the characteristic of the spinous process in thoracic vertebrae?
It is long and points inferiorly.
p.57
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What are the superior nasal conchae?
They are structures that form part of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.
p.45
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the greater wing?
A part of the orbit and lateral wall of the skull anterior.
p.49
Course Overview and Instructors
What are some benefits of yoga mentioned in the blog?
Improved flexibility, strength, and mental clarity.
p.99
Thoracic Cage Anatomy
What is the thoracic cage?
The bony framework of the chest, consisting of ribs and sternum.
p.72
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What structures make up the floor of the nasal cavity?
Palatine processes of the maxillae and horizontal plates of the palatine bones.
p.29
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What are the paired cranial bones?
Parietal bones (2) and Temporal bones (2).
p.33
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What part of the skull does the occipital bone make up?
The posterior part of the cranium and cranial base.
p.99
Thoracic Cage Anatomy
What does the thoracic cage support?
The shoulder girdles and upper limbs.
p.66
Facial Bones and Their Functions
What are palatine bones?
They are bones that form part of the hard palate and contribute to the structure of the face.
p.47
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What unique shape does the sphenoid bone have?
It is often described as butterfly-shaped.
p.97
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What does the lateral sacral crest represent?
It represents the tips of the transverse processes of the sacral vertebrae.
p.32
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the frontal sinus?
A cavity within the frontal bone.
p.42
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What are the main structural components of the sphenoid bone?
A body and three pairs of processes.
p.61
Facial Bones and Their Functions
What are the processes that connect the maxillary bones to the zygomatic bones?
Zygomatic processes (顴突).
p.100
Thoracic Cage Anatomy
What does the Manubrium articulate with?
The medial end of the clavicles and the first and second ribs.
p.44
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What are the sphenoidal sinuses?
Air-filled spaces within the sphenoid bone.
p.108
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What movements does the Atlas participate in?
Flexion and extension of the head on the neck, such as nodding 'yes.'
p.69
Facial Bones and Their Functions
What is the Chinese term for the vomer bone?
鋤骨 (Chú gǔ) or 犁骨 (Lí gǔ).
p.67
Facial Bones and Their Functions
What is the function of the orbital process of the palatine bones?
It is a small part of the orbits.
p.9
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What does 'dorsal' refer to in anatomical terminology?
The back side of the body.
p.105
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is the function of the spinous process (棘突) in vertebrae?
It serves as an attachment site for muscles and ligaments.
p.52
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What are ethmoid bones?
They are a pair of bones located between the eyes that contribute to the structure of the nasal cavity and the orbits.
p.115
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What are the anterior sacral foramina responsible for?
They transmit the dorsal rami of the sacral spinal nerves.
p.55
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What do the cribriform plates allow?
They allow the passage of filaments of the olfactory nerve (cranial nerve I).
p.34
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What are the superior nuchal lines?
They are ridges on the occipital bone that serve as attachment points for muscles and ligaments.
p.27
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the function of cranial bones?
To enclose and protect the brain and provide attachment sites for head and neck muscles.
p.91
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
How are the spinous processes of cervical vertebrae C3 - C7 described?
They are short and bifid (except C7).
p.112
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is the characteristic of the spinous process in thoracic vertebrae?
It is long and points inferiorly.
p.78
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
Where is the hyoid bone located?
Just inferior to the mandible.
p.62
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the inferior orbital fissure?
A gap located in the eye socket that allows for the passage of nerves and blood vessels.
p.104
Skeletal System Overview
What does the rib tubercle articulate with?
The transverse process of the thoracic vertebra.
p.99
Thoracic Cage Anatomy
What organs does the thoracic cage protect?
Heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus, and other thoracic organs.
p.47
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the primary function of the sphenoid bone?
It helps form the base of the skull and the orbits of the eyes.
p.21
Grading Criteria and Attendance Policy
What is the purpose of the VR 教案使用滿意度調查表?
To gather feedback on the satisfaction of using the VR lesson plan.
p.48
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
Which cranial nerves pass through the superior orbital fissure?
Cranial nerves III, IV, and VI, which control eye movements.
p.109
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is the Axis (軸椎)?
The second cervical vertebra that has a body and spinous process.
p.26
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the primary function of the skull?
To protect the brain and support the structures of the face.
p.89
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is unique about the Atlas (寰椎) compared to other vertebrae?
It lacks a body and a spinous process.
p.105
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is the purpose of the vertebral foramen (椎孔)?
It allows passage for the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots.
p.34
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the external occipital protuberance?
It is a bony prominence on the occipital bone, located at the back of the skull.
p.115
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is the sacral canal?
It is the continuation of the vertebral canal within the sacrum.
p.109
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What anatomical feature of the axis allows for the rotation of the atlas and skull?
The Dens, which is the 'missing' body of the atlas that fuses with the axis.
p.74
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What is the name of the vertical bone plate in the nasal septum?
Perpendicular plate (垂直板).
p.67
Facial Bones and Their Functions
What do the perpendicular plates of the palatine bones contribute to?
The lateral walls of the nasal cavity.
p.65
Facial Bones and Their Functions
What is the function of the lacrimal bones?
They help to drain tears into the nasal cavity.
p.25
Skeletal System Overview
What is the axial skeleton composed of?
Skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.
p.71
Special Features of the Skull and Vertebrae
What are paranasal sinuses?
Air-filled spaces surrounding the nasal cavity that help reduce skull weight and enhance voice resonance.
p.71
Special Features of the Skull and Vertebrae
What is the orbit?
The bony cavity that contains the eye.
p.84
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What are intervertebral discs?
Cushionlike pads between vertebrae.
p.105
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What does the vertebral arch protect?
The spinal cord and spinal nerves.
p.32
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the anterior cranial fossa?
A depression in the skull that houses the frontal lobes of the brain.
p.41
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the significance of the stylomastoid foramen?
It allows passage for a branch of cranial nerve VII.
p.91
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is a key characteristic of the body of cervical vertebrae C3 - C7?
The body is wider laterally.
p.109
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is the Dens (齒狀突)?
A projection that extends superiorly from the body of the axis, acting as a pivot for rotation.
p.48
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the significance of the foramen ovale?
It allows passage for cranial nerve V3 (mandibular nerve).
p.90
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is the Dens (齒狀突)?
A projection from the Axis that acts as a pivot for rotation.
p.89
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What movement does the Atlas participate in?
Flexion and extension of the head on the neck, such as nodding 'yes.'
p.79
Skeletal System Overview
What unique feature does the Hyoid Bone have?
It is not directly attached to any other bone.
p.34
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
Where is the external occipital protuberance located?
At the posterior aspect of the skull, on the occipital bone.
p.90
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What movement does the Axis facilitate?
Rotation of the atlas and skull, allowing head movement from side to side.
p.27
Facial Bones and Their Functions
What are the functions of facial bones?
To form the framework of the face, cavities for sense organs, openings for air and food passage, hold teeth, and anchor facial muscles.
p.49
Course Overview and Instructors
What is the primary focus of Judy Yoga's blog post?
The blog post discusses various aspects of yoga practice and its benefits.
p.28
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
How many named openings does the skull contain?
Approximately 85 named openings.
p.35
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What connects the brain with the spinal cord?
The foramen magnum (枕骨大孔).
p.48
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the function of the optic canal in the sphenoid bone?
It allows passage for cranial nerve II (optic nerve).
p.40
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the function of the internal jugular vein?
It drains blood from the brain and neck.
p.84
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is the primary function of intervertebral discs?
To act as shock absorbers.
p.40
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the significance of the foramen lacerum?
It is almost completely closed by cartilage in a living person.
p.27
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
Name the sutures of the cranial bones.
Coronal, sagittal, squamous, and lambdoid sutures.
p.103
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is the major structure of a rib that connects to the vertebrae?
Head (骨頭) with superior and inferior articular facets.
p.57
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What is the role of nasal conchae in the nasal cavity?
To increase turbulence of air flow.
p.112
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What do the transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae articulate with?
The tubercles of the ribs (except T11 and T12).
卵圓孔的主要特徵是什麼？
卵圓孔是顱骨中的一個開口，允許神經和血管進入或離開腦部。
p.110
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is a key characteristic of the body of cervical vertebrae C3 - C7?
The body is wider laterally.
p.100
Thoracic Cage Anatomy
What is the Xiphoid process made of in youth?
A plate of hyaline cartilage.
p.113
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
How do the pedicles and laminae of lumbar vertebrae compare to those of other vertebrae?
They are shorter and thicker.
p.31
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What are the four largest sutures associated with the parietal bones?
Sagittal suture, coronal suture, squamous suture, and lambdoid suture.
p.111
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What are the two facets found on the vertebral body of thoracic vertebrae?
Superior costal facet and inferior costal facet.
p.40
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What cranial nerves are associated with the internal acoustic meatus?
Cranial nerves VII (facial nerves) and VIII (vestibulocochlear nerves).
p.99
Thoracic Cage Anatomy
What is one function of the thoracic cage regarding muscles?
Provides attachment points for many muscles of the back, neck, chest, and shoulders.
p.35
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the function of the occipital condyles?
They articulate with the first vertebra of the vertebral column, enabling the head to nod 'yes.'
p.97
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is the median sacral crest?
It is formed by fused spinous processes of the sacral vertebrae.
p.71
Special Features of the Skull and Vertebrae
What is the hyoid bone?
A U-shaped bone in the neck that supports the tongue and is not directly attached to other bones.
p.63
Facial Bones and Their Functions
What do the zygomatic bones commonly form?
The cheek and part of the orbit.
p.115
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What does the lateral sacral crest represent?
It represents the tips of the transverse processes of the sacral vertebrae.
p.37
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What does the tympanic part of the temporal bone form?
It forms the external acoustic meatus (外聽道) and part of the ear canal.
p.73
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What are the superior and middle nasal concha?
Structures that contribute to the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.
p.55
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the ethmoidal labyrinth?
It contains ethmoidal air cells, also known as ethmoid sinuses.
p.101
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What is the jugular notch and where is it located?
The jugular notch (suprasternal notch) lies in the same horizontal plane as the disc between the second and third thoracic vertebrae (T2, T3).
p.67
Facial Bones and Their Functions
What do the horizontal plates of the palatine bones form?
The posterior part of the hard palate.
p.9
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What does 'ventral' refer to in anatomical terminology?
The front or belly side of the body.
p.38
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the petrous part of the temporal bone?
A bony wedge located in the inferior view of the skull.
p.41
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the function of the jugular foramen?
It allows passage for the internal jugular vein and cranial nerves IX, X, and XI.
p.102
Skeletal System Overview
What are true ribs?
Ribs 1 to 7 that articulate anteriorly with the sternum via costal cartilage.
p.55
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the function of the Crista galli?
It serves as an attachment point for the falx cerebri, a dura membrane fold.
p.32
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the significance of the frontal bone in relation to the orbits?
It forms the roofs of the orbits.
p.37
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What are the three major parts of the temporal bone?
Squamous (鱗狀部), Tympanic (鼓室部), and Petrous (岩部).
p.115
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is the median sacral crest?
It is formed by fused spinous processes of the sacral vertebrae.
p.33
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is one feature of the occipital bone?
External occipital protuberance.
p.40
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
Which cranial nerves pass through the jugular foramen?
Cranial nerves IX, X, and XI.
p.37
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the function of the squamous part of the temporal bone?
It forms the lateral wall of the skull and contributes to the structure of the cranium.
p.53
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What does the ethmoid bone form?
Most of the medial bony region between the nasal cavity and orbits.
p.55
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the perpendicular plate?
A part of the ethmoid bone that contributes to the nasal septum.
p.85
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is the function of the spinous process (棘突) in vertebrae?
It serves as an attachment site for muscles and ligaments.
p.108
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is unique about the Atlas (寰椎) compared to other vertebrae?
It lacks a body and a spinous process.
p.26
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What are the two main parts of the skull?
The cranium and the facial bones.
p.53
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
Which bones are involved in the medial bony region between the nasal cavity and orbits?
Ethmoid bone, sphenoid bone, and nasal bones.
p.90
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What does the Dens represent?
The 'missing' body of the atlas that fuses with the axis.
p.46
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What are the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone?
Smaller, upper extensions of the sphenoid bone.
p.82
Course Overview and Instructors
What organization is associated with the YouTube channel HEALTH 2.0?
全民健康基金會 (National Health Foundation).
p.98
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is the primary function of the coccyx?
Offers only slight support to pelvic organs.
p.102
Skeletal System Overview
Do males and females have the same number of ribs?
Yes, both have the same number.
p.71
Special Features of the Skull and Vertebrae
What is the nasal cavity?
A space within the skull that houses the nasal passages.
p.28
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What are the types of openings found in the skull?
Foramina, canals, and fissures.
p.102
Skeletal System Overview
What are false ribs?
Ribs 8 to 12 that do not articulate directly with the sternum via costal cartilages.
p.28
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What are cranial fossae?
Depressions in the skull that house the brain.
p.107
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is a unique feature of cervical vertebrae?
They have unique structural and functional features compared to other vertebrae.
p.35
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the hypoglossal canal?
It is the passage for cranial nerve XII, the hypoglossal nerve.
p.48
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What nerve passes through the foramen rotundum?
Cranial nerve V2 (maxillary nerve).
p.79
Skeletal System Overview
What is the primary function of the Hyoid Bone?
It supports the tongue and is involved in swallowing.
p.44
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What structure is located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone?
Pituitary gland (hypophyseal fossa).
p.73
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What forms the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?
Nasal bones, superior and middle nasal concha, and inferior nasal conchae.
p.46
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What are the greater wings of the sphenoid bone?
Large lateral extensions of the sphenoid bone.
p.109
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What movement does the axis participate in?
Rotating the head from side to side, such as shaking the head to indicate 'no'.
p.94
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What movement is allowed by the orientation of the thoracic vertebrae's articular facets?
Rotation, while preventing flexion and extension.
p.114
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is the sacral promontory?
The first sacral vertebra that bulges anteriorly into the pelvic cavity.
p.73
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What is the role of the frontal processes?
They are part of the maxillary bone that contributes to the structure of the nasal cavity.
p.46
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the function of the pterygoid muscles?
They help close the jaw during chewing.
p.85
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What do the superior articular processes (上關節突 / 面) join with?
The inferior articular processes.
p.101
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What is the xiphisternal joint?
The xiphisternal joint is where the sternal body and xiphoid process fuse, located at the level of the ninth thoracic vertebra (T9).
p.72
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What forms the roof of the nasal cavity?
Ethmoid's cribriform plates.
p.107
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What are cervical vertebrae?
The vertebrae located in the neck region of the spine.
p.50
Special Features of the Skull and Vertebrae
上眶裂的功能是什麼？
上眶裂是眼眶內部結構的一部分，允許神經和血管通過。
p.47
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
Where is the sphenoid bone located?
In the middle of the skull, between the frontal and temporal bones.
p.116
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is the primary function of the coccyx?
Offers only slight support to pelvic organs.
p.42
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the primary function of the sphenoid bone?
It spans the width of the cranial floor.
p.52
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What structures do the ethmoid bones help form?
The nasal cavity and the orbits.
p.97
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is the sacral canal?
It is the continuation of the vertebral canal within the sacrum.
p.46
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the hypophyseal fossa?
Another term for the sella turcica, where the pituitary gland sits.
p.84
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What are the two main components of intervertebral discs?
Nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosis.
p.48
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What does the foramen spinosum transmit?
The middle meningeal artery.
p.88
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What are the unique features of cervical vertebrae?
They have distinct structural and functional characteristics that differentiate them from other vertebrae.
p.44
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
Which cranial fossa does the sphenoid bone contribute to?
Middle cranial fossa and anterior cranial fossa.
p.62
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the infraorbital nerve?
A branch of the maxillary nerve (cranial nerve V) that supplies sensation to the face.
p.10
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What is the anatomical position?
A standard position of the body used as a reference in anatomy, where the body is standing upright, facing forward, arms at the sides, and palms facing forward.
p.59
Facial Bones and Their Functions
What is the significance of the condylar process?
It articulates with the temporal bone to form the jaw joint.
p.66
Facial Bones and Their Functions
Where are the palatine bones located?
At the back of the oral cavity, forming part of the roof of the mouth.
p.46
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the sella turcica?
A depression in the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland.
p.90
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is the Axis (軸椎)?
The second cervical vertebra that has a body and spinous process.
p.57
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What is the function of the middle nasal conchae?
They increase turbulence of air flow in the nasal cavity.
p.35
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the significance of the occipital bone (枕骨)?
It contains openings such as the foramen magnum and hypoglossal canal.
p.79
Skeletal System Overview
Where is the Hyoid Bone located?
In the neck, between the chin and the thyroid cartilage.
p.105
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What do the superior articular processes (上關節突 / 面) join with?
The inferior articular processes.
p.34
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the function of the superior nuchal lines?
They provide attachment for muscles such as the trapezius and ligaments.
p.105
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is the function of the transverse processes (橫突)?
They serve as attachment sites for muscles and ligaments.
p.37
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the significance of the petrous part of the temporal bone?
It houses the inner ear structures and is involved in hearing and balance.
p.30
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
囟門的主要功能是什麼？
囟門允許嬰兒的頭部在分娩過程中變形，並促進大腦的生長。
p.108
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What are the two types of arches associated with the Atlas?
後弓 (posterior arch) and 前弓 (anterior arch).
p.91
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
In which direction do the inferior articular facets of cervical vertebrae face?
They face inferoanteriorly.
p.108
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What are the upper and lower joint surfaces of the Atlas called?
上關節面 (upper joint surface) and 下關節面 (lower joint surface).
p.43
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the significance of the pterygoid processes?
They are part of the sphenoid bone structure.
p.80
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What does the vertebral column provide attachment points for?
The ribs and muscles of the neck and back.
p.12
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What does 'proximal' refer to?
A position that is closer to the point of attachment or origin.
p.11
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What does 'superior' mean in anatomical terms?
Refers to a position that is above or higher than another part of the body.
p.11
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What does 'lateral' indicate?
Refers to a position that is farther from the midline of the body.
p.97
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What causes the sacral hiatus?
It occurs when the fifth (and sometimes the fourth) sacral vertebrae fail to fuse medially.
p.78
Skeletal System Overview
What is unique about the hyoid bone in terms of articulation?
It is the only bone that does not articulate with another bone.
p.78
Skeletal System Overview
What function does the hyoid bone serve?
Acts as a movable base for the tongue.
p.114
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What do the four transverse ridges on the sacrum indicate?
The lines of fusion of the sacral vertebrae.
p.43
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the function of the sella turcica?
It houses the hypophyseal fossa (pituitary gland).
p.110
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
How are the spinous processes of cervical vertebrae C3 - C7 described?
They are short and bifid (except C7).
p.8
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What is the anatomical position?
A standard position of the body used as a reference in anatomy, where the body is standing upright, facing forward, arms at the sides, and palms facing forward.
p.113
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
Describe the spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae.
They are short, flat, hatchet-shaped, and project straight posteriorly.
p.58
Facial Bones and Their Functions
What are the paired facial bones?
Zygomatic, Lacrimal, Nasal, Inferior nasal conchae, Palatine bones, Maxillae.
p.8
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What is the meaning of 'proximal'?
Refers to a structure being closer to the point of attachment or origin.
p.10
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What does 'distal' mean in anatomical terms?
Refers to a position farther from the point of attachment or origin.
p.115
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is the sacral hiatus?
It occurs when the fifth (and sometimes the fourth) sacral vertebrae fail to fuse medially.
p.73
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What is the function of the inferior nasal conchae?
To help filter and humidify the air entering the nasal cavity.
p.75
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What are paranasal sinuses?
Extensions of the nasal cavity.
p.89
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is the Axis (軸椎) in relation to the Atlas?
It is the second cervical vertebra that allows rotation of the head.
p.26
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the role of the occipital bone?
It forms the back and base of the skull and contains the foramen magnum.
p.37
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the function of the mandibular condyle (下頜骨髁突)?
It articulates with the temporal bone to form the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
p.44
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What are the pterygoid processes?
Processes that extend downward from the sphenoid bone.
p.73
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What is the perpendicular plate?
A structure of the ethmoid bone that forms part of the nasal septum.
p.59
Facial Bones and Their Functions
What is the coronoid process?
A projection on the mandible where muscles attach.
p.89
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What are the upper and lower joint surfaces of the Atlas called?
上關節面 (superior articular surface) and 下關節面 (inferior articular surface).
p.12
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What is the anatomical position?
A standard position of the body used as a reference point in anatomy, where the body is standing upright, facing forward, arms at the sides, and palms facing forward.
p.12
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What does 'inferior' mean in anatomical terminology?
A position that is below or lower than another part of the body.
p.96
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is the Ala of the sacrum?
An anterolateral 'winged' projection of the most superior portion of the sacrum.
p.8
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What does 'distal' mean in anatomical terms?
Refers to a structure being farther away from the point of attachment or origin.
p.11
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What is the meaning of 'proximal'?
Refers to a position that is closer to the point of attachment or origin.
p.63
Facial Bones and Their Functions
What are the names of the processes of the zygomatic bones?
Frontal process, Maxillary process, Temporal process.
p.55
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What are the superior and middle nasal conchae?
They are bony structures that help to filter and humidify air in the nasal cavity.
p.46
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What are the pterygoid processes?
Processes of the sphenoid bone that serve as attachment sites for the pterygoid muscles.
p.100
Thoracic Cage Anatomy
With which ribs does the Body of the sternum articulate?
The costal cartilages of the second to seventh ribs.
p.91
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
In which direction do the superior articular facets of cervical vertebrae face?
They face superoposteriorly.
p.62
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the infraorbital foramen?
An opening in the maxillary bone that allows the infraorbital nerve and vessels to pass.
p.62
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What are the maxillary bones?
The bones that form the upper jaw and hold the upper teeth.
p.78
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What is the attachment point for neck muscles related to the hyoid bone?
Styloid processes of the temporal bones.
p.59
Facial Bones and Their Functions
What is the mandibular notch?
The space between the coronoid and condylar processes.
p.10
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What does 'inferior' indicate in anatomy?
Refers to a position below or lower than another part of the body.
p.110
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
In which direction do the inferior articular facets of cervical vertebrae face?
They face inferoanteriorly.
p.12
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What is the meaning of 'lateral'?
Refers to a position further away from the midline of the body.
p.95
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
Why are lumbar vertebrae robust?
For the attachment of large back muscles.
p.11
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What does 'inferior' indicate in anatomy?
Refers to a position that is below or lower than another part of the body.
p.91
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What shape are the vertebral foramina of cervical vertebrae C3 - C7?
They are large and triangular.
p.59
Facial Bones and Their Functions
What are the two main parts of the mandible?
One horizontal body and two upright rami.
p.81
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is the composition of the coccyx?
1 (a fusion of 4 vertebrae).
p.90
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
How does the Axis contribute to head movement?
It allows for shaking the head to indicate 'no'.
p.110
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What shape are the vertebral foramina of cervical vertebrae C3 - C7?
They are large and triangular.
p.85
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is the function of the transverse process (橫突) in vertebrae?
It serves as attachment sites for muscles and ligaments.
p.8
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What does 'superior' mean in anatomical terms?
Refers to a structure being higher or above another structure.
p.110
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What do the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae contain?
Transverse foramina, through which the vertebral blood vessels pass.
p.10
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What does 'posterior' refer to?
Refers to the back of the body.
p.8
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What does 'lateral' indicate?
Refers to a structure being farther away from the midline of the body.
p.37
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What is the role of the mastoid process (乳突) in the temporal bone?
It serves as an attachment point for muscles and contains air cells that communicate with the middle ear.
p.91
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What do the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae contain?
Transverse foramina, through which the vertebral blood vessels pass.
p.70
Facial Bones and Their Functions
What is the structure of the Inferior Nasal Conchae?
They are thin and curved bones.
p.112
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What movement does the structure of thoracic vertebrae allow?
Rotation, while preventing flexion and extension.
p.95
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
Which vertebrae receive the most stress in the lumbar region?
Lumbar vertebrae (L1 - L5).
p.10
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What does 'superior' mean in anatomical terms?
Refers to a position above or higher than another part of the body.
p.96
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is the sacral promontory?
The first sacral vertebra that bulges anteriorly into the pelvic cavity.
p.8
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What does 'medial' mean?
Refers to a structure being closer to the midline of the body.
p.58
Facial Bones and Their Functions
How many inferior nasal conchae are there?
2 inferior nasal conchae.
p.11
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What does 'posterior' refer to?
Refers to the back side of the body.
p.70
Facial Bones and Their Functions
Where are the Inferior Nasal Conchae located?
In the nasal cavity, forming part of the lateral walls.
p.26
Facial Bones and Their Functions
What is the significance of the mandible?
It is the only movable bone of the skull.
p.80
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is one of the primary functions of the vertebral column?
Transmits weight of trunk to the lower limbs.
p.11
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What does 'distal' mean in anatomical terms?
Refers to a position that is farther from the point of attachment or origin.
p.113
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
Which vertebrae receive the most stress in the lumbar region?
Lumbar vertebrae (L1 - L5).
p.114
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is the Ala of the sacrum?
An anterolateral 'winged' projection of the most superior portion of the sacrum.
p.8
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What is meant by 'anterior'?
Refers to the front of the body or a structure.
p.12
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What is meant by 'anterior'?
Refers to the front of the body.
p.12
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What does 'medial' mean in anatomical terms?
Refers to a position closer to the midline of the body.
p.10
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What is the meaning of 'lateral'?
Refers to a position farther from the midline of the body.
p.12
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What does 'distal' mean?
A position that is further away from the point of attachment or origin.
p.89
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What are the two types of arches associated with the Atlas?
後弓 (posterior arch) and 前弓 (anterior arch).
p.73
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What is a meatus?
A groove-shaped air passageway in the nasal cavity.
p.73
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What are the three types of meatuses in the nasal cavity?
Superior, middle, and inferior meatuses.
p.110
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
In which direction do the superior articular facets of cervical vertebrae face?
They face superoposteriorly.
p.43
Cranial Bones and Their Functions
What are the processes associated with the sphenoid bone?
Greater wings, lesser wings, and pterygoid processes.
p.12
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What does 'superior' refer to in anatomical terms?
A position that is above or higher than another part of the body.
p.80
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
Why are the sacrum and coccyx counted as one bone each?
They are a fusion of several vertebrae.
p.96
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What do the four transverse ridges on the sacrum indicate?
The lines of fusion of the sacral vertebrae.
p.10
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What does 'medial' mean?
Refers to a position closer to the midline of the body.
p.11
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What is the anatomical position?
A standard position of the body used as a reference in anatomy, where the body is standing upright, facing forward, arms at the sides, and palms facing forward.
p.11
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What is meant by 'anterior'?
Refers to the front side of the body.
p.8
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What does 'inferior' indicate in anatomy?
Refers to a structure being lower or below another structure.
p.95
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
How do the pedicles and laminae of lumbar vertebrae compare to those of other vertebrae?
They are shorter and thicker.
p.10
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What is meant by 'anterior'?
Refers to the front of the body.
p.8
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What does 'posterior' refer to?
Refers to the back of the body or a structure.
p.10
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What does 'proximal' indicate?
Refers to a position closer to the point of attachment or origin.
p.11
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What does 'medial' mean?
Refers to a position that is closer to the midline of the body.
p.85
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
What is contained within the vertebral foramen (椎孔)?
The spinal cord and spinal nerve roots.
p.95
Vertebral Column Structure and Function
Describe the spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae.
They are short, flat, hatchet-shaped, and project straight posteriorly.
p.12
Anatomical Terminology and Directional Terms
What does 'posterior' indicate?
Refers to the back of the body.
