p.3
Overview of Psychoanalytic Therapy
What are the main components of psychoanalytic therapy?
Overview, Key Concepts, Therapeutic Process, Techniques and Procedures, Evaluation.
p.3
Therapeutic Process and Goals
What does the therapeutic process in psychoanalysis involve?
Exploring thoughts and feelings to gain insight.
p.3
Evaluation of Psychodynamic Perspectives
How is the effectiveness of psychoanalytic therapy evaluated?
Through patient progress and symptom relief.
p.14
Structure of Personality: Id, Ego, Superego
What does the Id represent in Freud's model?
The primal, instinctual part of personality that seeks immediate gratification.
p.21
Transference and Countertransference
What is countertransference?
The reaction of the therapist toward the client that may interfere with objectivity due to the therapist's own inner conflicts.
p.20
Psychoanalytic Techniques and Procedures
What is free association in psychoanalysis?
A technique where the client reports thoughts and feelings immediately without censoring.
p.20
Psychoanalytic Techniques and Procedures
What is the purpose of dream analysis in psychoanalysis?
To use dreams as a 'royal road to the unconscious' to bring unconscious material to light.
p.10
Unconscious Mind and Its Influence
What technique involves suggestions made after hypnosis?
Posthypnotic suggestions.
p.5
Development of Personality Stages
What issues are associated with the Anal Stage?
Later personal power issues, autonomy, anger.
p.5
Development of Personality Stages
What complex is associated with the Phallic Stage?
Oedipus complex (戀母忌父情結).
p.3
Psychoanalytic Techniques and Procedures
What are some common techniques used in psychoanalytic therapy?
Free association, dream analysis, and transference.
p.4
Key Concepts in Psychoanalysis
What types of instincts are mentioned as influencing behavior?
Life instincts and death instincts.
p.19
Unconscious Mind and Its Influence
What do clients become more conscious of during therapy?
What was previously unconscious.
p.19
Development of Personality Stages
What type of material do clients release in therapy?
Childhood repressed material that keeps them stuck.
p.20
Psychoanalytic Techniques and Procedures
What role does interpretation play in psychoanalytic therapy?
The therapist points out, explains, and teaches the meanings of whatever is revealed, with timing being crucial.
p.7
Structure of Personality: Id, Ego, Superego
What does the Superego represent in personality structure?
The Superego acts as the judge and is ruled by the moral (perfection) principle.
p.7
Structure of Personality: Id, Ego, Superego
What is the function of the Ego in personality?
The Ego functions as the traffic cop, mediating between the Id and reality.
p.23
Evaluation of Psychodynamic Perspectives
What is a criticism of the therapist's role in psychodynamic therapy?
The blank screen role can serve as a mask to hide behind.
p.5
Development of Personality Stages
What is the final stage of personality development?
Genital Stage (性器期), occurring from ages 12 to 60+.
p.4
Key Concepts in Psychoanalysis
Which drives are central to explaining much of our behavior?
Sexual and aggressive drives.
p.9
Structure of Personality: Id, Ego, Superego
What does the Id represent in Freud's model?
The primal, instinctual part of personality that seeks immediate gratification.
p.5
Development of Personality Stages
What issues are related to the Oral Stage?
Later mistrust and rejection issues, self-esteem.
p.10
Unconscious Mind and Its Influence
What does TAT stand for in psychological testing?
Thematic Apperception Test.
p.21
Transference and Countertransference
What is transference in therapy?
The client reacts to the therapist as he did to an earlier significant other.
p.21
Transference and Countertransference
How does transference benefit the client?
It allows the client to experience feelings that would otherwise be inaccessible.
p.15
Therapeutic Process and Goals
How does psychoanalysis aim to strengthen the ego?
By ensuring behavior is based in reality rather than instinctual desires and irrational guilt.
p.15
Psychoanalytic Techniques and Procedures
What methods are used to bring out unconscious material in therapy?
Methods focus on discussing, interpreting, analyzing, and reconstructing childhood experiences.
p.2
Transference and Countertransference
What is transference in psychoanalysis?
The projection of feelings and attitudes from one person to another, often from patient to therapist.
p.9
Structure of Personality: Id, Ego, Superego
What does the Superego represent?
The moral conscience and societal standards that govern behavior.
p.9
Structure of Personality: Id, Ego, Superego
What principle does the Ego operate on?
The reality principle, balancing the demands of the Id and the constraints of reality.
p.5
Development of Personality Stages
What is the second stage of personality development?
Anal Stage (肛門期), occurring from ages 1 to 3.
p.7
Structure of Personality: Id, Ego, Superego
What is the moral principle associated with the Superego?
The Superego is associated with the moral (perfection) principle.
p.23
Evaluation of Psychodynamic Perspectives
What is a criticism related to gender in psychodynamic perspectives?
They have been criticized for sexist views.
p.4
Overview of Psychoanalytic Therapy
What determines human behavior according to this view?
Irrational forces, unconscious motivations, and biological and instinctual drives.
p.22
Therapeutic Process and Goals
What is resistance in the context of therapy?
Anything that works against the progress of therapy and prevents the production of unconscious material.
p.20
Psychoanalytic Techniques and Procedures
What is the primary aim of psychoanalytic techniques?
To increase awareness, insight into behavior, and understand the underlying meaning of symptoms.
p.22
Therapeutic Process and Goals
What does the analysis of resistance help clients understand?
That their actions are ways of defending against anxiety.
p.20
Therapeutic Process and Goals
What does maintaining the analytic framework involve?
Avoiding variations in structure, time, format, etc.
p.14
Structure of Personality: Id, Ego, Superego
What is the function of the Superego in Freud's model?
The Superego represents internalized moral standards and ideals, guiding behavior towards perfection.
p.23
Evaluation of Psychodynamic Perspectives
What role does internal conflict play in psychological distress?
It is a significant factor in causing distress.
p.8
Unconscious Mind and Its Influence
What is the nature of thoughts in the unconscious according to Freud?
Thoughts that one is not aware of but still influence behavior.
p.15
Therapeutic Process and Goals
What is one of the primary goals of the therapeutic process in psychoanalysis?
To make the unconscious conscious.
p.19
Therapeutic Process and Goals
What is a key outcome for clients in therapy?
Develop a deeper understanding of why they feel and act the way they do.
p.14
Structure of Personality: Id, Ego, Superego
What role does the Ego play in Freud's personality dynamics?
The Ego mediates between the Id and the external world, balancing desires with reality.
p.9
Structure of Personality: Id, Ego, Superego
How does the Id operate according to Freud?
Based on the pleasure principle, seeking instant gratification.
p.5
Development of Personality Stages
What happens during the Genital Stage?
Sexual energies are invested in life.
p.17
Transference and Countertransference
What is the therapist's role as a 'blank screen'?
To allow clients to project their thoughts and feelings onto the therapist.
p.11
Ego-Defense Mechanisms
What do ego-defense mechanisms help individuals cope with?
Neurotic (id) or moral (superego) anxiety.
p.11
Ego-Defense Mechanisms
What is the purpose of ego-defense mechanisms?
To prevent the ego from being overwhelmed.
p.4
Unconscious Mind and Its Influence
What role do unconscious motivations play in human behavior?
They are a key factor in determining behavior.
p.15
Therapeutic Process and Goals
What is the significance of insight in the therapeutic process?
It helps individuals understand the reasons behind their behavior and can release anxiety.
p.14
Structure of Personality: Id, Ego, Superego
How do the Id, Ego, and Superego interact in Freud's model?
They constantly interact and conflict, influencing behavior and personality.
p.7
Structure of Personality: Id, Ego, Superego
What principle governs the Ego?
The Ego is ruled by the reality principle.
p.23
Evaluation of Psychodynamic Perspectives
How do early childhood experiences affect adult personality?
They have a significant impact on shaping adult personality.
p.23
Evaluation of Psychodynamic Perspectives
What is the function of defense mechanisms?
They help reduce anxiety.
p.23
Evaluation of Psychodynamic Perspectives
What is a major limitation of psychodynamic therapy?
It focuses on long-term personality change rather than short-term problem solving.
p.23
Evaluation of Psychodynamic Perspectives
What is a noted issue regarding the empirical support for psychodynamic perspectives?
There is an inadequate empirical base.
p.8
Key Concepts in Psychoanalysis
What does psychoanalytic theory emphasize as determinants of behavior?
Unconscious forces and the importance of sexuality.
p.17
Transference and Countertransference
How does a therapist help develop transference?
By maintaining a neutral stance that encourages clients to project their emotions.
p.19
Therapeutic Process and Goals
What do clients agree to do in therapy?
Talk freely about their lives.
p.2
Unconscious Mind and Its Influence
What is the primary focus of Sigmund Freud's theories?
The unconscious mind and its influence on behavior.
p.21
Transference and Countertransference
What does the analysis of transference help the client achieve?
Insight into the influence of the past and learning to relate in a more mature way as an adult.
p.9
Structure of Personality: Id, Ego, Superego
What is the role of the Ego in Freud's personality structure?
To mediate between the desires of the Id and the realities of the external world.
p.23
Evaluation of Psychodynamic Perspectives
What has science demonstrated about the unconscious mind?
It can influence behavior.
p.9
Structure of Personality: Id, Ego, Superego
How does the Superego develop?
Through internalization of societal norms and parental guidance.
p.10
Unconscious Mind and Its Influence
What are projective techniques used for in psychoanalysis?
To derive material from the unconscious.
p.10
Unconscious Mind and Its Influence
What is the Rorschach test used for?
To assess unconscious thoughts through inkblots.
p.5
Development of Personality Stages
What issues are related to the Phallic Stage?
Later sexual attitudes and acceptance of sexuality.
p.3
Key Concepts in Psychoanalysis
What is the first key concept in psychoanalysis?
Understanding the unconscious mind.
p.17
Therapeutic Process and Goals
What is important about interpreting a client's behavior?
It should be done with appropriate timing.
p.22
Therapeutic Process and Goals
What is the impact of resistance on therapy?
It interferes with the ability to accept changes that could lead to a more satisfying life.
p.19
Therapeutic Process and Goals
What can clients learn through therapy?
New modes of relating to people, work, and life without unconscious conflicts.
p.23
Evaluation of Psychodynamic Perspectives
What are some drawbacks of psychodynamic therapy in terms of commitment?
It requires a long time commitment and can be expensive.
p.5
Development of Personality Stages
What is the fourth stage of personality development?
Latency Stage (潛伏期), occurring from ages 6 to 12.
p.11
Ego-Defense Mechanisms
What are ego-defense mechanisms?
Normal behaviors that operate on an unconscious level and tend to deny or distort reality.
p.22
Therapeutic Process and Goals
How can resistance manifest in therapy?
Through actions like canceling appointments or fleeing from therapy prematurely.
p.11
Ego-Defense Mechanisms
What is the adaptive value of ego-defense mechanisms?
They are beneficial as long as they do not become a style of life to avoid facing reality.
p.15
Ego-Defense Mechanisms
What effect can emotional experiencing have in therapy?
It can weaken defense mechanisms.
p.7
Structure of Personality: Id, Ego, Superego
What is the role of the Id in personality structure?
The Id is ruled by the pleasure principle and represents the demanding child.
p.5
Development of Personality Stages
What is the first stage of personality development?
Oral Stage (口慾期), occurring in the first year.
p.7
Structure of Personality: Id, Ego, Superego
How is the Id characterized?
The Id is characterized as the demanding child, seeking immediate gratification.
p.5
Development of Personality Stages
What is the third stage of personality development?
Phallic Stage (性徵期), occurring from ages 3 to 6.
