Between the left ventricle and the aorta.
Deoxygenated blood.
Right and left coronary arteries.
Heart.
The left atrium.
Myocardium.
It lies in the posterior part of the atrioventricular groove.
To ensure unidirectional blood flow through the heart.
Atria and ventricles.
Right coronary artery.
Fibrous layer of the pericardium.
Parietal layer of the serous pericardium.
Below the arch of the aorta.
Left coronary artery.
They are not large enough to provide adequate blood supply if a branch becomes blocked.
Left ventricle.
Myocardium.
Right marginal arteries, Posterior interventricular artery, Sinoatrial nodal artery, Atrioventricular nodal artery.
The closing of semilunar valves.
Epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium.
The great cardiac vein.
It consists of three crescent-shaped cusps.
Atrioventricular valves and Semilunar valves.
Research & development of new protocols & procedures.
It drains the myocardium.
The heart rests on the diaphragm.
Chordae tendineae.
Pericardial nerve.
Clinical intervention.
It is the death of heart muscle tissue due to a lack of blood supply.
Into the right atrium to the left of the inferior vena cava.
One anterior cusp (right cusp) and two posterior cusps.
Epicardium.
Tricuspid valve.
A depression called the fossa ovalis.
Epicardium.
The flow of blood through the entire circulatory system.
Outer.
The central tendon of the diaphragm.
From the 2nd left costal cartilage 0.5 in. (1.3 cm) from the edge of the sternum to the apex of the heart.
Parietal and visceral layer.
The right ventricle is not as thick as the left ventricle.
Sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers.
To provide structure and support to the heart.
Pulmonary valve and aortic valve.
An endocardium with a connective tissue core.
Separates the left atrium from the left ventricle and prevents backflow into the atrium.
Within the middle mediastinum.
Right ventricle and left ventricle.
The point where the heartbeat can often be seen and almost always felt.
Epicardium.
Visceral pericardium, pericardial cavity, and parietal pericardium.
Inner.
Limits unnecessary movements of the heart.
A crisscrossing, interlacing layer of connective tissue.
Endocardium.
The right ventricle is thicker than the atria.
To acknowledge and appreciate someone's help or kindness.
The right atrium through the tricuspid valve.
The heart is oriented with its base upward and its apex pointing downward and to the left.
The right atrium.
At the exit of the right ventricle (pulmonary valve) and left ventricle (aortic valve).
Atrioventricular groove.
Separates the right atrium from the right ventricle and prevents backflow into the atrium.
A groove that separates the atria from the ventricles.
Epicardium.
It is smooth-walled except for the atrial appendage.
In the posterior interventricular sulcus.
Pertaining to heart.
To prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles.
The four pulmonary veins.
Responsible for pumping.
From the 3rd right costal cartilage 0.5 in. (1.3 cm) from the edge of the sternum downward to the 6th right costal cartilage 0.5 in. (1.3 cm) from the edge of the sternum.
Four chambers: two atria and two ventricles.
To receive blood returning to the heart.
Preventing backflow of blood.
Trabeculae carneae.
Regulating the heartbeat and coordinating contractions.
It provides a common language for healthcare professionals to communicate effectively.
The closing of valves.
Sternocostal surface.
Base.
Serous fluid.
The interventricular groove.
It has evolved to be extremely specialized for pumping blood.
To prevent backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during contraction.
Valves that lie between the atria and the ventricles.
Endocardium.
Pumps blood received from the veins into the arteries.
Bicuspid or mitral valve.
It is the only pathway that connects the myocardium of the atria and ventricles, allowing cardiac impulses to travel from atria to ventricles.
With the walls of great vessels.
The anatomy and physiology of the heart.
Connections between the right and left coronary arteries.
Superficial fibrous pericardium and deep two-layer serous pericardium.
The vagus nerves.
Lines the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium.
Separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary arteries and prevents backflow after ventricular contraction.
Between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk.
The fluid-filled pericardial cavity.
Anterior, septal, and posterior cusps.
Myocardium.
Obtuse marginal artery.
Septal branches of the Left Coronary Artery.
Muscular.
By the sternopericardial ligaments.
From the 6th right costal cartilage 0.5 in. (1.3 cm) from the sternum to the apex.
At the top of the infundibulum.
It is composed of three semilunar cusps.
Pericardiacophrenic branches of the Internal thoracic arteries.
Diaphragmatic surface.
A vertical groove on the outer surface of the right atrium.
Clinical Assessment & Diagnosis.
Each fiber contains a single nucleus and is striated (striped).
Directed downward, forward, and to the left.
From four pulmonary veins.
They supply blood to the right ventricle.
Separates the left ventricle from the aorta and prevents backflow after ventricular contraction.
Aortic and Pulmonary.
Four chambers: two atria and two ventricles.
From the aortic sinus immediately above the anterior cusp of the aortic valve.
Between.
To supply the anterior wall of the left ventricle.
The external features and landmarks of the heart as seen on the body.
90%.
Many interlocking cardiac muscle cells, or fibers.
Four chambers.
It is a double-layered fibro-serous sac.
Visceral layer of the serous pericardium.
To ensure coordinated care and accurate information sharing.
In the wall of the right atrium, upper part of sulcus terminalis, right to the opening of the superior vena cava.
To restrict excessive movements of the heart.
From the ascending aorta immediately above the aortic valve.
One posterior cusp (left cusp) and two anterior cusps (right cusp).
Chordae tendineae and papillary muscles.
It supplies blood to the atrioventricular node.
Extends from the 2nd left costal cartilage (sternal angle) 0.5 in. (1.3 cm) from the edge of the sternum to the 3rd right costal cartilage 0.5 in. (1.3 cm) from the edge of the sternum.
Endothelial layer of the inner myocardial surface.
To receive blood from the body and lungs.
They are continuous around the roots of the great vessels.
The fibrous sac surrounding the heart.
It is crucial for diagnosing and treating heart-related conditions.
Blood flows through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary arteries via the pulmonary trunk to be oxygenated in the lungs.
The heart is located in the thoracic cavity, between the lungs and slightly to the left of the midline.
Right atrium and right ventricle.
Papillary muscles.
The crista terminalis.
Phrenic nerve.
It usually leads to myocardial death, known as myocardial infarction.
From the cervical and upper thoracic portions of the sympathetic trunks.
The heart and the roots of the great vessels.
Auricle of the left atrium.
Connection.
Superior Vena Cava, Inferior Vena Cava, and Coronary Sinus.
To pump blood throughout the body.
From the aortic sinus immediately above the left posterior cusp of the aortic valve.
Bundle of His.
Pyramid shaped.
Within the pericardium in the mediastinum.
Structures that anchor AV valves to papillary muscles of the ventricle wall.
To pump blood out of the heart.
Cardiac muscles are specialized muscle fibers found in the heart, characterized by striations, involuntary control, and intercalated discs that facilitate synchronized contractions.
To pump blood throughout the body.
Oxygenated blood.
Right atrium and left atrium.
The semilunar valves open to allow blood to flow into the arteries.
It serves as a relay point for electrical impulses between the atria and ventricles.
By serving as a lubricated container for heart contractions.
Left anterior descending (LAD) artery.
Inflammation of the serous pericardium.
They close to prevent backflow of blood.
To regulate the heartbeat and coordinate contractions.
The coronary arteries.
To initiate and propagate electrical impulses for heart contractions.
Tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, and aortic valves.
The mitral valve cusp edges by way of chordae tendineae.
A smooth walled part located below the aortic valve.
It helps in understanding conditions like ischemia and heart attacks.
The closing of atrioventricular valves.
To prevent backflow of blood from the arteries into the ventricles.
Into the right atrium through the coronary sinus.
10%.
The interatrial septum.
The upper part of the heart opposite the apex.
A depression in the interatrial septum that presents the site of the foramen ovale.
The surface of the heart that faces the back of the body.
Bicuspid and Tricuspid.
Pericardium.
On the lower part of the atrial septum, just above the attachment of the septal cusp of the tricuspid valve.
The mitral (bicuspid) valve.
Atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves.
Anterior and posterior cusps.
To prevent backflow of blood into the atria when ventricles contract.
To pump blood out of the heart to the lungs and the rest of the body.
To pump oxygenated blood at high pressure through the systemic circulation.
The heart wall has three layers: the epicardium (outer layer), myocardium (muscle layer), and endocardium (inner layer).
The heart has four valves: the tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, mitral valve, and aortic valve, which regulate blood flow between chambers and out of the heart.
They may help determine if the heart has shifted position or is enlarged due to disease.
The tricuspid valve and the mitral (bicuspid) valve.
A chambered muscular organ.
Irreversible death (necrosis) of heart muscle due to prolonged lack of oxygen supply (ischemia).
Right Auricle.
Septal branches, Diagonal branches, Left marginal artery, and Left circumflex artery.
Connected at its base but otherwise lies free within the pericardium.
Prolapse of the valve back into the atrium.
The wall of the left ventricle is thicker than that of the right ventricle.
To ensure unidirectional blood flow through the heart.
Between the atria and ventricles of the heart.
It supplies blood to the sinoatrial node.
In the 5th intercostal space, 3.5 in. (9 cm) from the midline.
No, they do not have chordae tendinae attachments.
A slit-like space between the parietal and visceral layer.
A mass of muscular bundles called trabeculae carneae.
Cardiac muscles, pericardium, blood supply, heart chambers, heart valves, and the conducting system.
They supply blood to the heart muscle itself.
The heart has four chambers: two atria (right and left) that receive blood, and two ventricles (right and left) that pump blood out.
Venous drainage is primarily through the coronary veins, which empty into the coronary sinus, leading to the right atrium.
It can compress the thin-walled atria and interfere with heart filling during diastole.
To pump blood throughout the body.
It protects the heart and anchors it within the chest.
The septum.
To lubricate and facilitate cardiac movements.
The smooth walled outflow tract of the right ventricle.
The fibrous sac surrounding the heart.
The heart is innervated by the autonomic nervous system, including sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers that regulate heart rate and force of contraction.
The heart is located in the thoracic cavity, between the lungs, slightly to the left of the midline.
The pericardium consists of two layers: the fibrous pericardium (outer layer) and the serous pericardium (inner layer, which has parietal and visceral layers).
The conduction system includes the sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers, which coordinate the heart's rhythmic contractions.
The heart receives blood supply primarily from the coronary arteries, which branch off from the aorta.
